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The paper concerns the analysis of harmful emissions during the combustion process in households. The subject of the analysis is a low emission heating device with an output of 50 kW for burning biomass of forest origin (low-quality hardwoods or softwoods). The proposed boiler is automatically fed from the connected container by means of a screw conveyor. In this way, the optimum amount of fuel is supplied for maximum heat output (adjustment of the ratio of primary air to fuel). The proposed biomass heating system is equipped with a primary and secondary air supply system and exhaust gas sensors. This ensures optimal regulation of the air mixture and efficient and clean combustion. Proper control of the combustion process, control of the air supply by means of a lambda sensor and power control of the system ensure a low-emission combustion process. The system precisely adjusts to the heat demand. This results in highly efficient heating technology with low operating costs. In the presented work, the emission of exhaust gases from the proposed heating device during the combustion of woodchips and beech–oak pellets were measured. It is demonstrated that the proposed design of the boiler equipped with intelligent control significantly reduces emissions when the biomass solid fuels are used, e.g., CO emissions from beech and oak chips and pellets in the low-emission boiler—18 extract pipes shows the value <100 ppm, which is even lower than when gas is burned in the other boilers; on the other hand, the pine chips show even higher emission when burned in the low-emission burner. Consequently, the choice of biomass source and form of the fuel play some role in the emissions observed.
Karol Tucki; Olga Orynycz; Andrzej Wasiak; Antoni Świć; Leszek Mieszkalski; Joanna Wichłacz. Low Emissions Resulting from Combustion of Forest Biomass in a Small Scale Heating Device. Energies 2020, 13, 5495 .
AMA StyleKarol Tucki, Olga Orynycz, Andrzej Wasiak, Antoni Świć, Leszek Mieszkalski, Joanna Wichłacz. Low Emissions Resulting from Combustion of Forest Biomass in a Small Scale Heating Device. Energies. 2020; 13 (20):5495.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarol Tucki; Olga Orynycz; Andrzej Wasiak; Antoni Świć; Leszek Mieszkalski; Joanna Wichłacz. 2020. "Low Emissions Resulting from Combustion of Forest Biomass in a Small Scale Heating Device." Energies 13, no. 20: 5495.
Introduced by the Civil Code, the rules of road safety are introducing continuously increasingly strict requirements on motor vehicles. These requirements relate to various aspects of the technical condition of vehicles, both those that determine traffic safety and those that affect the vehicle’s environmental impact. The law requires regular diagnosis of the technical condition of vehicles in service. Diagnostic tests conducted in the form of road tests or the tests performed in workshop conditions allow to determine the symptoms of dysfunctions of the tested vehicle, not always clearly defining the causes and location of damage. The purpose of the work is the design the simulation of a station for of vehicle dynamics tests up to 3.5 t using simulation programs OpenModelica and SciLab. A simulation of the work of the stand for testing the dynamics of vehicles in the form of a chassis dynamometer was achieved. The program enables the simulation of tests: NEDC (New European Drive Cycle), WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure), CADCM150 (joint Artemis driving cycle—Motorway at vMax = 150 kph), CADCU (Common Artemis Driving Cycle—Urban), FTP75 EPA (Federal Test Procedure, Environmental Protection Agency). The simulator (for any assumed type of vehicle) can be used in two modes: 1. Introduction of the presumed cause—Generates the expected results in the functioning of the vehicle. This function can be used to create a cause–effect relational database. 2. Analysis of data from the actual diagnostic system suggesting the causes of the observed (measured) errors in the functioning of the system. The simulator can be used both to design and implement the technological development of intelligent diagnostic systems, and to support the creation of application software for a workshop diagnostic system. Introducing the simulator into practice will also enable the improvement of road safety management.
Karol Tucki; Andrzej Wasiak; Olga Orynycz; Remigiusz Mruk. Computer Simulation as a Tool for Managing the Technical Development of Methods for Diagnosing the Technical Condition of a Vehicle. Energies 2020, 13, 1 .
AMA StyleKarol Tucki, Andrzej Wasiak, Olga Orynycz, Remigiusz Mruk. Computer Simulation as a Tool for Managing the Technical Development of Methods for Diagnosing the Technical Condition of a Vehicle. Energies. 2020; 13 (11):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarol Tucki; Andrzej Wasiak; Olga Orynycz; Remigiusz Mruk. 2020. "Computer Simulation as a Tool for Managing the Technical Development of Methods for Diagnosing the Technical Condition of a Vehicle." Energies 13, no. 11: 1.
Managing of wastes rich in lignocellulose creates the opportunity to produce biofuels that are in full compliance with the principles of sustainable development. Biomass, as a suitable base for the production of biofuels, does not have to be standardized, and its only important feature is the appropriate content of lignocellulose, which assures great freedom in the selection of input. Biobutanol, obtained from this type of biomass, can be used as fuel for internal combustion engines, including diesel engines. In the era of strict environmental protection regulations, especially concerning atmospheric air, any new fuel, apart from good energetic properties, should also show beneficial ecological effects. This study investigates the carbon dioxide emissions from biobutanol powered diesel engine by means of use of the simulation model. The parameters of a real passenger car powered by a diesel engine were used for simulation carried out accordingly to the WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure) approval procedure as the current test for newly manufactured cars. The results obtained for biobutanol were compared with simulated exhaust emissions obtained for conventional diesel and with FAME (fatty acid methyl esters)—the most popular biofuel. Biobutanol, in spite of its higher consumption, showed lower direct carbon dioxide emissions than both: the conventional diesel and FAME. In addition, a LCA (life cycle assessment) was carried out for the fuels and vehicles in question using the SimaPro package. Therefore, the implementation of butyl alcohol as a fuel provides favorable environmental effects. This result gives arguments towards biofuel production management indicating that implementation of biobutanol production technology mitigates carbon dioxide emission, as well as promotes lignocellulosic resources rather than edible parts of the plants.
Karol Tucki; Olga Orynycz; Andrzej Wasiak; Antoni Świć; Remigiusz Mruk; Katarzyna Botwińska. Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Diesel Engine Powered by Lignocellulose Derived Fuel for Better Management of Fuel Production. Energies 2020, 13, 561 .
AMA StyleKarol Tucki, Olga Orynycz, Andrzej Wasiak, Antoni Świć, Remigiusz Mruk, Katarzyna Botwińska. Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Diesel Engine Powered by Lignocellulose Derived Fuel for Better Management of Fuel Production. Energies. 2020; 13 (3):561.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarol Tucki; Olga Orynycz; Andrzej Wasiak; Antoni Świć; Remigiusz Mruk; Katarzyna Botwińska. 2020. "Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Diesel Engine Powered by Lignocellulose Derived Fuel for Better Management of Fuel Production." Energies 13, no. 3: 561.
The social cost, as one of the factors determining sustainability of socio-economic development, is strongly dependent upon a number of casualties and mortality in road accidents. The condition of car tires appears to be one of the important factors determining the occurrence of accidents. The vast majority of vehicles are tested every year at vehicle inspection stations. One of the elements affecting the result of the technical condition test and basically the quality of vehicle braking is the technical condition of the tires. Their technical condition is a very important factor responsible for the quality of acceleration, braking, maintaining, or changing the direction of driving. As a consequence, it has a significant impact on road safety. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of tires on the results of tests performed at a vehicle inspection station. The study presents the results of bench measurements of the impact of selected features of tire condition of two vehicles during routine periodic inspections at a vehicle inspection station (VIS). The focus was on an attempt to assess the impact of inflation pressure, age, and tire tread wear on the braking process. The technical studies performed might be a source for legal steps assuring better management of road safety. It can also be expected that the tire choice and condition may affect fuel consumption, and therefore the amount of energy consumed by the road transport.
Olga Orynycz; Karol Tucki; Andrzej Wasiak; Robert Sobótka; Arkadiusz Gola. Evaluation of the Brake’s Performance Dependence Upon Technical Condition of Car Tires as a Factor of Road Safety Management. Energies 2019, 13, 9 .
AMA StyleOlga Orynycz, Karol Tucki, Andrzej Wasiak, Robert Sobótka, Arkadiusz Gola. Evaluation of the Brake’s Performance Dependence Upon Technical Condition of Car Tires as a Factor of Road Safety Management. Energies. 2019; 13 (1):9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlga Orynycz; Karol Tucki; Andrzej Wasiak; Robert Sobótka; Arkadiusz Gola. 2019. "Evaluation of the Brake’s Performance Dependence Upon Technical Condition of Car Tires as a Factor of Road Safety Management." Energies 13, no. 1: 9.
An increase of needs for replacement of fossil fuels, and for mitigation of Carbon Dioxide emissions generated from fossil fuels inspires the search for new fuels based on renewable biological resources. It would be convenient if the biological component of the fuel required as little as possible conversion operations in the production. The obvious response is an attempt to use unconverted, neat plant oils as a fuel for Diesel engines. The present paper is devoted to the experimental studies of the combustion process of neat rapeseed oil, and its mixtures with gasoline and ethanol as additional components of the mixtures. The investigation of combustion was carried out in a fixed volume combustion chamber equipped with a Common Rail injection system. It is shown that the instant of ignition, as well as time-dependence of heat emanation, are strongly dependent upon mixture composition. The results enable the design of mixture compositions that could serve as commercial fuel for Diesel engines. Such fuels are expected to fulfill the requirements for the sustainability of road transport.
Karol Tucki; Remigiusz Mruk; Olga Orynycz; Andrzej Wasiak; Antoni Świć. Thermodynamic Fundamentals for Fuel Production Management. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4449 .
AMA StyleKarol Tucki, Remigiusz Mruk, Olga Orynycz, Andrzej Wasiak, Antoni Świć. Thermodynamic Fundamentals for Fuel Production Management. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (16):4449.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarol Tucki; Remigiusz Mruk; Olga Orynycz; Andrzej Wasiak; Antoni Świć. 2019. "Thermodynamic Fundamentals for Fuel Production Management." Sustainability 11, no. 16: 4449.
Economic progress, development of transport, production of new cars, production of more and more energy, and the combustion of fossil fuels are causing huge changes that are currently occurring in the environment. Ecological problems of the contemporary economy combined with perspectives of resources exhaustion, as well as the need to follow sustainable rules of living, require the search for new fuels. Fuels which can assure their availability and good environmental performance are needed for maintaining sustainable transportation. Knowledge about the behavior of various fuels is necessary for realistic methods of technology management in transportation means and the fuel industry. This paper describes biofuels that can be an addition to petrol or can exist as standalone fuels. A simulation was carried out on an urban vehicle and the tested fuels were petrol 95, ethanol, methanol, and dimethyl ether. For the selected engine a simulation corresponding to that of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test was created using the Scilab package. Based on this simulation, values of carbon dioxide and water vapor emission were determined. The fuel demand for each fuel mixture and the amount of air for the fuels used were also calculated (and verified on the basis of laboratory tests). It was demonstrated that addition of biofuel decreases emission of carbon dioxide, simultaneously increasing emission of water vapor. Biofuel additive also caused an increase in fuel consumption. Unfortunately, in the New European Driving Cycle test being investigated, carbon dioxide emissions in all cases exceeded the permissible level of 130 g CO2/km, which is bad news in the context of the further tightening of norms and standards. The simulation tests confirmed that when using the start/stop system and applying specific additives, the carbon dioxide emission decreases and the consumption of mixtures with the activated start/stop system is smaller. The analyzed problems and results of this analysis become more important in light of the Worldwide Harmonized Light Duty Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) standard, which became binding from September 2018 and applies to the sale of cars that had been approved prior (in accordance with the New European Driving Cycle standard). Although the NEDC standard appears obsolete the computer model simulating this type of test will be necessary in many cases. It is, however, needed and possible to develop a similar simulation procedure for WLTP tests.
Karol Tucki; Remigiusz Mruk; Olga Orynycz; Andrzej Wasiak; Katarzyna Botwińska; Arkadiusz Gola. Simulation of the Operation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Various Biofuels and Its Contribution to Technology Management. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2799 .
AMA StyleKarol Tucki, Remigiusz Mruk, Olga Orynycz, Andrzej Wasiak, Katarzyna Botwińska, Arkadiusz Gola. Simulation of the Operation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Various Biofuels and Its Contribution to Technology Management. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (10):2799.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarol Tucki; Remigiusz Mruk; Olga Orynycz; Andrzej Wasiak; Katarzyna Botwińska; Arkadiusz Gola. 2019. "Simulation of the Operation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Various Biofuels and Its Contribution to Technology Management." Sustainability 11, no. 10: 2799.
Intensified action aimed at reducing CO2 emissions and striving for energy self-sufficiency of both business entities and individual consumers are forcing the sustainable development of environmentally friendly and renewable energy sources. The development of an appropriate class of equipment and production technology is not without significance in this process. On the basis of a proven design for a combustion burner for ecological fuels, a new biofuel burner, also dedicated to prosumers’ energetics, was built. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the type of biofuel on a burner’s output parameters, especially gaseous emissions, during the combustion of four types of fuels, including three types of biomass. The combustion temperature was measured for lignite, wood pellets, straw pellets, and sunflower pellets. An analysis of exhaust gas composition was performed for lignite and wood pellets. The results of exhaust emissions and combustion temperatures were compared with the burners currently in use. The use of a new burner might contribute to cleaner combustion and reducing the emissions of some gaseous components.
Karol Tucki; Olga Orynycz; Andrzej Wasiak; Antoni Świć; Joanna Wichłacz. The Impact of Fuel Type on the Output Parameters of a New Biofuel Burner. Energies 2019, 12, 1383 .
AMA StyleKarol Tucki, Olga Orynycz, Andrzej Wasiak, Antoni Świć, Joanna Wichłacz. The Impact of Fuel Type on the Output Parameters of a New Biofuel Burner. Energies. 2019; 12 (7):1383.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarol Tucki; Olga Orynycz; Andrzej Wasiak; Antoni Świć; Joanna Wichłacz. 2019. "The Impact of Fuel Type on the Output Parameters of a New Biofuel Burner." Energies 12, no. 7: 1383.
Biowastes from the food industry can be applied as a usable material after appropriate treatment (i.e., agglomeration). Biowastes are materials that could have better properties if they are mixed. Brewery and oilseed wastes were compressed and evaluated by their quality and microstructure. This article presents the influence of food wastes’ type on their biodegradable composite properties. Rapeseed cake and brewer’s threshing were used separately and mixed in three different proportions: 30:70, 50:50, 70:30. The data were obtained by mechanical testing on the Instron machine with different pressure forces of 30,000 N and 50,000 N. Strength and elasticity parameters, expansion after the test and in 24 h were estimated. The characteristics such as density, relaxation and compaction after the agglomeration process of biomass allows the selection of the best material and method for optimal composite quality. The results show an upward trend in composite density with decreasing content of brewery waste in a sample. Rapeseed cake can be considered as the material more susceptible to the compaction process. In addition to material properties and its lower density, the reason may be due to the granulometric composition of particles, density and particle size which was confirmed by SEM structure observations. Images of composites were analyzed on the basis of morphological plant tissue structures.
Paulina Zdanowska-Skowrońska; Iwona Florczak; Jacek Słoma; Karol Tucki; Olga Orynycz; Andrzej Wasiak; Antoni Świć. An Evaluation of the Quality and Microstructure of Biodegradable Composites as Contribution towards Better Management of Food Industry Wastes. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1504 .
AMA StylePaulina Zdanowska-Skowrońska, Iwona Florczak, Jacek Słoma, Karol Tucki, Olga Orynycz, Andrzej Wasiak, Antoni Świć. An Evaluation of the Quality and Microstructure of Biodegradable Composites as Contribution towards Better Management of Food Industry Wastes. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1504.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulina Zdanowska-Skowrońska; Iwona Florczak; Jacek Słoma; Karol Tucki; Olga Orynycz; Andrzej Wasiak; Antoni Świć. 2019. "An Evaluation of the Quality and Microstructure of Biodegradable Composites as Contribution towards Better Management of Food Industry Wastes." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1504.
The power sector is currently experiencing a dynamic transformation, resulting not only from EU directives, but also from current problems, mainly related to ensuring energy security for customers. For this reason, in Poland, it was decided that the model of electricity market operation needed to be changed. A dual market has been created, and a separated segment is the capacity market. This solution operates, in addition to other power mechanisms, in many European Union countries, e.g., in France, Great Britain, and Italy. The experience of these countries indicates the positive impact of the power market on various aspects of the power sector, such as legal, economic, technical and technological, social, and infrastructural aspects, mainly due to technological neutrality and open competition between power suppliers. The creation of the structure of an energy market drastically changes the rules of energy management, which requires investigations concerning the impact of those factors on the energy sector in Poland. The aim of this work is to examine the impact of the power market on the Polish power sector, and to determine the impact of individual consequences on several predefined areas. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was used. The purpose of a detailed analysis is to develop probable scenarios for the sustainable development of the Polish energy sector.
Karol Tucki; Olga Orynycz; Andrzej Wasiak; Antoni Świć; Wojciech Dybaś. Capacity Market Implementation in Poland: Analysis of a Survey on Consequences for the Electricity Market and for Energy Management. Energies 2019, 12, 839 .
AMA StyleKarol Tucki, Olga Orynycz, Andrzej Wasiak, Antoni Świć, Wojciech Dybaś. Capacity Market Implementation in Poland: Analysis of a Survey on Consequences for the Electricity Market and for Energy Management. Energies. 2019; 12 (5):839.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarol Tucki; Olga Orynycz; Andrzej Wasiak; Antoni Świć; Wojciech Dybaś. 2019. "Capacity Market Implementation in Poland: Analysis of a Survey on Consequences for the Electricity Market and for Energy Management." Energies 12, no. 5: 839.
The effect of embodied energy on energetic effectiveness of biodiesel production is studied. Embodied energy, i.e. energy consumed for production of a technical device, is gradually consumed during the life time of that device. The amount of embodied energy consumed during individual agricultural operation affects the energetic effectiveness of that operation, as well as that for the whole production process. The embodied energy in agriculture is associated with the use of machinery , transportation means, fertilizes, etc. The paper estimates the effect of embodied energy in the rapeseed biodiesel production basing on computer modelling.
Olga Orynycz; Andrzej Wasiak. Computer modelling of the effect of embodied energy on energetic effectiveness of biodiesel production. MATEC Web of Conferences 2019, 252, 06013 .
AMA StyleOlga Orynycz, Andrzej Wasiak. Computer modelling of the effect of embodied energy on energetic effectiveness of biodiesel production. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2019; 252 ():06013.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlga Orynycz; Andrzej Wasiak. 2019. "Computer modelling of the effect of embodied energy on energetic effectiveness of biodiesel production." MATEC Web of Conferences 252, no. : 06013.
The effects of various production variables on the energy efficiency of the biofuel production system are estimated on the basis of mathematical modeling, and computer simulations.
Andrzej Wasiak. Mathematical Modeling of Energetic Efficiency of Biofuel Production System. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2018, 49 -63.
AMA StyleAndrzej Wasiak. Mathematical Modeling of Energetic Efficiency of Biofuel Production System. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. 2018; ():49-63.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Wasiak. 2018. "Mathematical Modeling of Energetic Efficiency of Biofuel Production System." Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions , no. : 49-63.
The chapter contains a short review of biofuel production technologies with special attention paid, when possible, toward the energy consumption necessary for appropriate performance of each technological operation. It also contains information concerning the classification of biofuels, being dependent on their origin, production technology, and applications.
Andrzej Wasiak. Technologies of Biofuel Production. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2018, 29 -34.
AMA StyleAndrzej Wasiak. Technologies of Biofuel Production. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. 2018; ():29-34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Wasiak. 2018. "Technologies of Biofuel Production." Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions , no. : 29-34.
Embodied energy is the total amount of energy that was used for the production of a particular good. The chapter describes main principles that are related to this notion, gives the examples of estimation, as well as the examples of application in the energetic balances of biofuel production.
Andrzej Wasiak. The Effects of Embodied Energy. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2018, 65 -69.
AMA StyleAndrzej Wasiak. The Effects of Embodied Energy. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. 2018; ():65-69.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Wasiak. 2018. "The Effects of Embodied Energy." Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions , no. : 65-69.
The chapter gives a short review of thermal properties of biofuel, and energetic efficiency indicators introducing the idea of partial energetic efficiency indicators. The formalism enabling to combine partial indicators estimated for subsystems, or individual technological operations, into the global value for the whole production system is also described.
Andrzej Wasiak. Energetic Efficiency of Biofuel Production. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2018, 35 -48.
AMA StyleAndrzej Wasiak. Energetic Efficiency of Biofuel Production. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. 2018; ():35-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Wasiak. 2018. "Energetic Efficiency of Biofuel Production." Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions , no. : 35-48.
During the last 20 years, the idea of sustainable development acquired official approval and political sense. One of the issues that is frequently discussed is the problem of global warming. This problem introduces contradictory opinions that appear cyclically. One side of the debate accuses human population, and especially the use of fossil fuels for the effects of global warming, whereas the other side claims no anthropological influence, and the only reason finds in the actions of Nature. It is not probable to achieve compromising solution in the short time. It seems, however, that if there is an even slight suspicion that some effects that might be dangerous to humanity is possibly caused by human activity—it is reasonable to mitigate the effects of that activity.
Andrzej Wasiak. Epilog. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2018, 79 -80.
AMA StyleAndrzej Wasiak. Epilog. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. 2018; ():79-80.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Wasiak. 2018. "Epilog." Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions , no. : 79-80.
The chapter concerns the effects of biofuel production on fulfilling the energy demands of the economy in general, and agriculture, in particular, referring to the idea of sustainable development. Since the biofuels are considered as a replacement for fossil fuels, their production has to fulfill several conditions. Especially, at least for some time, it should provide human communities with the amount of energy corresponding to the withdrawn portion of fossil fuels, it should contribute to a lesser degree in emissions harmful to the natural environment. Finally, it should also do not cause a substantial decrease in availability of other products being derived from biomass. The attempt of computer modeling is made toward the understanding of the phenomena associated with the biofuel production. An attempt is also made to analyze the quantitative basis for describing the idea of sustainable development.
Andrzej Wasiak. Sustainability of Agriculture. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2018, 71 -77.
AMA StyleAndrzej Wasiak. Sustainability of Agriculture. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. 2018; ():71-77.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Wasiak. 2018. "Sustainability of Agriculture." Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions , no. : 71-77.
During recent years, biomass became an important resource for the production of biofuels, which became an important part of the liquid fuel industry. Several advantages [1] of biofuel production and use as an energy source in various situations are usually indicated.
Andrzej Wasiak. Introduction. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2018, 1 -2.
AMA StyleAndrzej Wasiak. Introduction. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. 2018; ():1-2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Wasiak. 2018. "Introduction." Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions , no. : 1-2.
Biomass can be considered as any form of matter that is formed by living organisms. When already not alive, biomass is the resource for many useful applications. In the majority of cases, it is converted into various products or used as an energy source. The present chapter is dedicated to the discussion of the latter case including the methods of conversion of biomass into several types of fuels. The silviculture, short rotation crops, and agricultural crops are presented as sources of different forms of biomass utilized for production of several types of biofuels.
Andrzej Wasiak. Biomass Resources for Biofuel Production. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2018, 3 -27.
AMA StyleAndrzej Wasiak. Biomass Resources for Biofuel Production. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. 2018; ():3-27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Wasiak. 2018. "Biomass Resources for Biofuel Production." Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions , no. : 3-27.
Production of biofuels requires transportation of substantial amounts of biomass between plantations and industrial facilities that converts this biomass onto biofuel. This transport might strongly affect energetic effectiveness of the whole production system. Basing on computer model, developed in our earlier works, the contributions of the energy consumed in various transport solutions are analyzed, and their effects on the energy efficiency are estimated. The dependencies of the energy efficiency upon technical characteristics of transportation means are shown for several solutions of production organization. Conclusions suggest optimal choices of transportation means, and transport organization as dependent upon the type and the size of a plantation.
Andrzej L. Wasiak; Olga Orynycz. The Effects of Biomass Transport Between Plantation and Industrial Facility on Energy Efficiency of Biofuel Production System. Springer Proceedings in Energy 2018, 233 -240.
AMA StyleAndrzej L. Wasiak, Olga Orynycz. The Effects of Biomass Transport Between Plantation and Industrial Facility on Energy Efficiency of Biofuel Production System. Springer Proceedings in Energy. 2018; ():233-240.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej L. Wasiak; Olga Orynycz. 2018. "The Effects of Biomass Transport Between Plantation and Industrial Facility on Energy Efficiency of Biofuel Production System." Springer Proceedings in Energy , no. : 233-240.
Energetic efficiency of biofuel production systems, as well as that of other fuels production systems, can be evaluated on the basis of modified EROEI indicator. In earlier papers, a new definition of the EROEI indicator was introduced. This approach enables the determination of this indicator separately for individual subsystems of a chosen production system, and therefore enables the studies of the influence of every subsystem on the energetic efficiency of the system as a whole. The method has been applied to the analysis of interactions between agricultural, internal transport subsystems, as well as preliminary studies of the effect of industrial subsystem.
Andrzej Wasiak; Olga Orynycz. Computer modelling of the influences of a subsystems’ interaction on energetic efficiency of biofuel production systems. ITM Web of Conferences 2017, 15, 4004 .
AMA StyleAndrzej Wasiak, Olga Orynycz. Computer modelling of the influences of a subsystems’ interaction on energetic efficiency of biofuel production systems. ITM Web of Conferences. 2017; 15 ():4004.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Wasiak; Olga Orynycz. 2017. "Computer modelling of the influences of a subsystems’ interaction on energetic efficiency of biofuel production systems." ITM Web of Conferences 15, no. : 4004.