Background: Gardening activities became increasingly popular in health promotion. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of gardening-based training or horticultural therapy on domains of health, including mental, physical and general health. Method: The MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane, EMBASE, Greenfile, CINAHL, WHO ICTRP, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched from their inception to September 2023. Peer-reviewed, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or experimental studies with intervention and control groups in English that evaluated the effect of gardening activity or horticultural therapy on health domains. Adult participants living with chronic conditions were selected. Author, year, location, sample size, participant characteristics, study characteristics, type of intervention, measurement time points, measured outcomes, measurements, effect sizes and p values were extracted. Results: Twenty-three studies (n = 4535) with 13 RCTs and 10 quasi-experimental studies were included. The participants had a mean age of 54.39 years, and the majority of them were females (63.25%). Types of chronic conditions included physical dysfunction, pain, obesity, anxiety, depression, hypertension, cognition disfunction, etc. The effects of gardening activities were compared with those of the control by categorizing health into three domains: mental health (SMD = -0.31; 95% CI: -0.97, 0.34), physical health (SMD = -0.25; 95% CI: -0.62, 0.11) and general health (SMD = -0.08; 95% CI: -0.20, 0.05). Conclusions: Gardening-based training programs have a small-to-medium effect on mental health in people living with chronic conditions. Relatively small effects were found for physical health and general health. Future research is recommended to better understand the impact of gardening activities on health. Trial registration: This systematic review is registered to PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) with registration ID: CRD42024504948.

This case study explores the transition from disordered eating (DE) to an eating disorder (ED) in a 23-year-old female orienteer. Despite her talent as an athlete, her eating habits and training practices led to significant health concerns. After following an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet for 3 years, she exhibited symptoms of DE, including low energy intake (1,200 kcal/day), low body weight (50.1 kg, BMI: 16.9), and amenorrhea. Her condition deteriorated over 2 years, resulting in a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN) by February 2023. During the treatment process, the athlete utilized a multidisciplinary approach that included dietitians, psychologists, and physicians. Despite achieving some initial progress, including a slight increase in body weight and the return of menstruation in July 2022, her health declined after psychological consultations were halted, leading to a further decrease in body fat and persistent low serum iron levels. This case highlights the importance of continuous monitoring, timely intervention, and a coordinated multidisciplinary team in addressing DE and ED in athletes. It also highlights the significance of effective communication among healthcare professionals and the need for comprehensive treatment strategies that include psychological, nutritional, and medical support. This study highlights the significance of early detection, suitable intervention, and the prevention of long-term health complications, such as decreased bone density and cardiovascular issues, in athletes with DE and ED.

Background: disordered eating (DE) and eating disorders (ED) can negatively impact athletes’ health, wellbeing, and athletic performance. Objective: this cross-sectional study aims to assess DE risk, body composition, and nutrition knowledge among elite Hungarian athletes. Methods: DE risk was assessed using DESA-6H and EAT-26 scales, nutrition knowledge through the Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (A-NSKQ), and body composition with the OMRON BF511 device. The data were analyzed using Kendall’s tau correlations, Mann–Whitney U tests, and ROC analysis. Results: a total of 71 athletes participated (39.4% males, mean age = 24.8 years, SD = 4.8 years and 60.6% females, mean age = 24.3 years, SD = 4.3 years). At-risk scores on the DESA-6H scale were recorded for nine athletes (12.7%), while 32.4% scored in the risk zone on the EAT-26, with female athletes in aesthetic, endurance and weight-dependent sports being most affected. Low BF was observed in four males and four females. Nutrition knowledge (49.1%) was below the acceptable threshold. DESA-6H significantly correlated with EAT-26 scores, BMI, sports nutrition knowledge, and A-NSKQ total scores. A statistically significant difference by gender was found in the EAT-26 total score (p = 0.019, d = 0.65). Risk groups significantly differed in A-NSKQ scores (p = 0.026, d = 0.511) and sport nutrition knowledge, specifically (p = 0.016, d = 0.491). Using EAT-26 to identify at-risk athletes and the DESA-6H recommended cut-off, the ROC analysis showed a sensitivity of 29.1% and a specificity of 95.7%. Conclusions: insufficient nutrition knowledge plays a role in being at-risk for DE and ED. These results underscore the need for early detection, early sport nutrition education across all elite athletes, with particular attention to female athletes in aesthetic, endurance and weight-dependent sports, and for monitoring these athletes to prevent DE. Further work is warranted to optimize screening tools such as EAT-26 and DESA-6H for elite athletes.

Nutrition knowledge is essential for optimizing performance, recovery, and overall health in athletes. This study aimed to (1) adapt and validate the Hungarian version of the ANSKQ (Trakman et al., 2017) (ANSKQ-HU) and (2) assess the nutrition knowledge of Hungarian elite and recreational athletes. Following standard translation procedures and expert review, face validity was established. Data were collected from 1.335 athletes, and item difficulty, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and reliability analyses were performed. A three-factor structure emerged: (1) Fundamentals of nutrition, energy needs, and prohibited substances; (2) Micronutrients and performance-enhancing sports nutrition; and (3) Utilization of macronutrients. While Cronbach’s alpha values were low (α = 0.41–0.62), this seemed acceptable given the dichotomous nature of the questionnaire. Most participants scored poorly (63.3%), with the lowest results in the micronutrients and performance-enhancing nutrition factor. Only 6.9% had formal nutrition education and most frequently respondents received help from coaches, family members, and friends. These findings highlight a significant gap in sports nutrition knowledge among Hungarian athletes and support the need for educative activities organized by sport nutrition professionals. The ANSKQ-HU is a reliable and valid tool for assessing nutrition knowledge in Hungarian athletes and can be a useful questionnaire for their support team (nutritionists, physicians).

Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with cardiac advantages and health benefits. However, it remains unclear whether moderate and v

"Schulhof Vilmosra (1874–1944) emlékezünk" published on 17 Nov 2024 by Akadémiai Kiadó.