Sustainability and the need for biodegradable composites are the two new buzzwords finding prominence in recent times. In this regard, there has been a significant increase in interest regarding natural fiber composites (NFCs) due to their potential to address environmental issues and contribution toward the development of sustainable materials. The aim of this extensive review is to thoroughly investigate the current research landscape, advancements, and applications of NFCs. The study covers a range of topics, including the various types of natural fibers commonly used, their processing techniques, reinforcement strategies, mechanical properties, morphological characteristics, biodegradability, and sustainability. It also explores their potential uses across different industries. Furthermore, this article examines the challenges and opportunities associated with NFCs, as well as their environmental impacts and economic viability. By conducting a detailed analysis of existing literature, this review aims to shed light on the advancements achieved so far and the future potential of NFCs as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional materials. Ultimately, it offers insights into how these materials can enhance sustainability in material engineering.

Nanofillers are one of the most important additives in the creation of natural fibre reinforced polymer composite (NFRPC), as they greatly improve the properties of the material even at low doses. Such Nanofillers enhance the bonding of fibers and matrix that result in an increase of the mechanical and functional properties of composite. Clays, nanomaterials of carbon, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, cellulose nanocrystals are some of the most prevalent Nano fillers. NFRPC, with the current advantages of low cost, renewability, biodegradability, and desirable specific properties, have taken off as an alternative to synthetic composites in biomedical applications. Although such composites present the advantage of desirable mechanical strength, thermal stability, and acoustic performance, the addition of Nanofillers enhances the performance further by increasing structure-property associations and processing. Also, Nano filler-enhanced composites have a promising biomedical future, especially when used in tissue engineering, wound healing, antimicrobial systems, and load bearing implants. The review is a compilation of recent developments of natural and synthetic nano filler applications in combination of natural fibers and is therefore a complete reference to any researcher or scientist who will be interested in designing high-performance composites by the synergistic combination of fibers, polymer matrices, and Nanofillers.

Polymers are regularly supported by different estimated fillers to lighten a portion of the constraints of the polymers. The use of nanoscale fillers to work on mechanical and thermal properties of polymers have prompted to an extreme option for the conventional polymer composites. Their high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent mechanical properties, and resistance to corrosion make them ideal for use in creating lightweight and durable structures. The present work mainly focused on the carbon fibre(CFRP) added with Graphene filler with 3mm thickness and a layer thickness of 0.5mm in vacuum impingement moulding process with vacuum bagging at different pressures directions , number of layers and curing temperatures. Graphene Nano particles taken as filler content of 2% which has been done previously as pilot experiments and form literature. The design of experiments selected from Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to prepare samples. A three factorial study from Taguchi has been optimized to check the best parameters for improved mechanical properties in the composite. The direction of injection is taken as top, and diagonal as well as pressure 20 bar, 25 bar and 30 bar with curing temperatures after lamination is 60, 80 and 100℃.