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Gaetano D. Gargiulo
Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Department of Cardio—Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti, 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy

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Review
Published: 03 July 2021 in Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
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Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) and secundum type atrial septal defect (ASD) are common transcatheter procedures. Although they share many technical details, these procedures are targeting two different clinical indications. PFO closure is usually considered to prevent recurrent embolic stroke/systemic arterial embolization, ASD closure is indicated in patients with large left-to-right shunt, right ventricular volume overload, and normal pulmonary vascular resistance. Multimodality imaging plays a key role for patient selection, periprocedural monitoring, and follow-up surveillance. In addition to routine cardiovascular examinations, advanced neuroimaging studies, transcranial-Doppler, and interventional transesophageal echocardiography/intracardiac echocardiography are now increasingly used to deliver safely and effectively such procedures. Long-standing collaboration between interventional cardiologist, neuroradiologist, and cardiac imager is essential and it requires a standardized approach to image acquisition and interpretation. Periprocedural monitoring should be performed by experienced operators with deep understanding of technical details of transcatheter intervention. This review summarizes the specific role of different imaging modalities for PFO and ASD transcatheter closure, describing important pre-procedural and intra-procedural details and providing examples of procedural pitfall and complications.

ACS Style

Gabriele Egidy Assenza; Luca Spinardi; Elisabetta Mariucci; Anna Balducci; Luca Ragni; Cristina Ciuca; Roberto Formigari; Emanuela Angeli; Gianfranco Vornetti; Gaetano Gargiulo; Andrea Donti. Transcatheter Closure of PFO and ASD: Multimodality Imaging for Patient Selection and Perioperative Guidance. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 2021, 8, 78 .

AMA Style

Gabriele Egidy Assenza, Luca Spinardi, Elisabetta Mariucci, Anna Balducci, Luca Ragni, Cristina Ciuca, Roberto Formigari, Emanuela Angeli, Gianfranco Vornetti, Gaetano Gargiulo, Andrea Donti. Transcatheter Closure of PFO and ASD: Multimodality Imaging for Patient Selection and Perioperative Guidance. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2021; 8 (7):78.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriele Egidy Assenza; Luca Spinardi; Elisabetta Mariucci; Anna Balducci; Luca Ragni; Cristina Ciuca; Roberto Formigari; Emanuela Angeli; Gianfranco Vornetti; Gaetano Gargiulo; Andrea Donti. 2021. "Transcatheter Closure of PFO and ASD: Multimodality Imaging for Patient Selection and Perioperative Guidance." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 8, no. 7: 78.

Journal article
Published: 09 June 2021 in Sensors
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In the last few decades, a number of wearable systems for respiration monitoring that help to significantly reduce patients’ discomfort and improve the reliability of measurements have been presented. A recent research trend in biosignal acquisition is focusing on the development of monolithic sensors for monitoring multiple vital signs, which could improve the simultaneous recording of different physiological data. This study presents a performance analysis of respiration monitoring performed via forcecardiography (FCG) sensors, as compared to ECG-derived respiration (EDR) and electroresistive respiration band (ERB), which was assumed as the reference. FCG is a novel technique that records the cardiac-induced vibrations of the chest wall via specific force sensors, which provide seismocardiogram-like information, along with a novel component that seems to be related to the ventricular volume variations. Simultaneous acquisitions were obtained from seven healthy subjects at rest, during both quiet breathing and forced respiration at higher and lower rates. The raw FCG sensor signals featured a large, low-frequency, respiratory component (R-FCG), in addition to the common FCG signal. Statistical analyses of R-FCG, EDR and ERB signals showed that FCG sensors ensure a more sensitive and precise detection of respiratory acts than EDR (sensitivity: 100% vs. 95.8%, positive predictive value: 98.9% vs. 92.5%), as well as a superior accuracy and precision in interbreath interval measurement (linear regression slopes and intercepts: 0.99, 0.026 s (R2 = 0.98) vs. 0.98, 0.11 s (R2 = 0.88), Bland–Altman limits of agreement: ±0.61 s vs. ±1.5 s). This study represents a first proof of concept for the simultaneous recording of respiration signals and forcecardiograms with a single, local, small, unobtrusive, cheap sensor. This would extend the scope of FCG to monitoring multiple vital signs, as well as to the analysis of cardiorespiratory interactions, also paving the way for the continuous, long-term monitoring of patients with heart and pulmonary diseases.

ACS Style

Emilio Andreozzi; Jessica Centracchio; Vincenzo Punzo; Daniele Esposito; Caitlin Polley; Gaetano Gargiulo; Paolo Bifulco. Respiration Monitoring via Forcecardiography Sensors. Sensors 2021, 21, 3996 .

AMA Style

Emilio Andreozzi, Jessica Centracchio, Vincenzo Punzo, Daniele Esposito, Caitlin Polley, Gaetano Gargiulo, Paolo Bifulco. Respiration Monitoring via Forcecardiography Sensors. Sensors. 2021; 21 (12):3996.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emilio Andreozzi; Jessica Centracchio; Vincenzo Punzo; Daniele Esposito; Caitlin Polley; Gaetano Gargiulo; Paolo Bifulco. 2021. "Respiration Monitoring via Forcecardiography Sensors." Sensors 21, no. 12: 3996.

Journal article
Published: 19 February 2021 in Actuators
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Biomimicry is a field of research that uses the functional and structural components of nature, at macroscopic and microscopic scales, to inspire solutions to problems in our industrial world. Soft robotics is an area of research that uses biomimicry, in this case, mimicking skeletal muscles (referred to in this field as “muscle-mimicking actuators”, to perform task of high difficulty, that can be operated in a harmlessly in different environments. One of the most recent advancements to develop from this field is the “Hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatics (HASEL) actuator”. However, this method also brings many of the issues associated with the geometry of its design, especially with respect to the efficiency of the system. Though this system mimics the functionality of the skeletal muscle, there is room to adjust the existing electrostatic mechanisms, that distribute the locally produced force, to mimic the structure of the mechanism that distributes the force to the skeletal muscular, which is also locally produced. In this paper, we show that the current electrostatic parallel electrodes, as well as the zipping mechanisms, can be replaced with the sliding mechanism. This eliminates issues associated with compartmentalizing of the primary electrostatic force and the secondary hydraulic forces leading to a more efficient and controlled transmission electrostatic and hydrostatic forces to the load compared to current iterations and their geometric components.

ACS Style

Levi Tynan; Ganesh Naik; Gaetano D. Gargiulo; Upul Gunawardana. Implementation of the Biological Muscle Mechanism in HASEL Actuators to Leverage Electrohydraulic Principles and Create New Geometries. Actuators 2021, 10, 38 .

AMA Style

Levi Tynan, Ganesh Naik, Gaetano D. Gargiulo, Upul Gunawardana. Implementation of the Biological Muscle Mechanism in HASEL Actuators to Leverage Electrohydraulic Principles and Create New Geometries. Actuators. 2021; 10 (2):38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Levi Tynan; Ganesh Naik; Gaetano D. Gargiulo; Upul Gunawardana. 2021. "Implementation of the Biological Muscle Mechanism in HASEL Actuators to Leverage Electrohydraulic Principles and Create New Geometries." Actuators 10, no. 2: 38.

Journal article
Published: 27 January 2021 in Machines
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The actual grip force provided by a hand prosthesis is an important parameter to evaluate its efficiency. To this end, a split cylindrical handlebar embedding a single-axis load cell was designed, 3D printed and assembled. Various measurements were made to evaluate the performances of the “Federica” hand, a simple low-cost hand prosthesis. The handlebar was placed at different angular positions with respect to the hand palm, and the experimental data were processed to estimate the overall grip force. In addition, piezoresistive force sensors were applied on selected phalanxes of the prosthesis, in order to map the distribution of the grasping forces between them. The electrical current supplied to the single servomotor that actuates all the five fingers, was monitored to estimate the force exerted on the main actuator tendon, while tendon displacement was evaluated by a rotary potentiometer fixed to the servomotor shaft. The force transfer ratio of the whole system was about 12.85 %, and the mean dissipated energy for a complete cycle of closing-opening was 106.80 Nmm, resulting lower than that of many commercial prostheses. The mean grip force of the “Federica” hand was 8.80 N, that is enough to support the user in many actions of daily life, also considering the adaptive wrapping capability of the prosthesis. On average, the middle phalanges exerted the greatest grip force (2.65 N) on the handlebar, while the distal phalanges a force of 1.66 N.

ACS Style

Daniele Esposito; Sergio Savino; Chiara Cosenza; Emilio Andreozzi; Gaetano Dario Gargiulo; Caitlin Polley; Giuseppe Cesarelli; Giovanni D’Addio; Paolo Bifulco. Evaluation of Grip Force and Energy Efficiency of the “Federica” Hand. Machines 2021, 9, 25 .

AMA Style

Daniele Esposito, Sergio Savino, Chiara Cosenza, Emilio Andreozzi, Gaetano Dario Gargiulo, Caitlin Polley, Giuseppe Cesarelli, Giovanni D’Addio, Paolo Bifulco. Evaluation of Grip Force and Energy Efficiency of the “Federica” Hand. Machines. 2021; 9 (2):25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Esposito; Sergio Savino; Chiara Cosenza; Emilio Andreozzi; Gaetano Dario Gargiulo; Caitlin Polley; Giuseppe Cesarelli; Giovanni D’Addio; Paolo Bifulco. 2021. "Evaluation of Grip Force and Energy Efficiency of the “Federica” Hand." Machines 9, no. 2: 25.

Journal article
Published: 13 July 2020 in Sensors
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This paper presents forcecardiography (FCG), a novel technique to measure local, cardiac-induced vibrations onto the chest wall. Since the 19th century, several techniques have been proposed to detect the mechanical vibrations caused by cardiovascular activity, the great part of which was abandoned due to the cumbersome instrumentation involved. The recent availability of unobtrusive sensors rejuvenated the research field with the most currently established technique being seismocardiography (SCG). SCG is performed by placing accelerometers onto the subject’s chest and provides information on major events of the cardiac cycle. The proposed FCG measures the cardiac-induced vibrations via force sensors placed onto the subject’s chest and provides signals with a richer informational content as compared to SCG. The two techniques were compared by analysing simultaneous recordings acquired by means of a force sensor, an accelerometer and an electrocardiograph (ECG). The force sensor and the accelerometer were rigidly fixed to each other and fastened onto the xiphoid process with a belt. The high-frequency (HF) components of FCG and SCG were highly comparable (r > 0.95) although lagged. The lag was estimated by cross-correlation and resulted in about tens of milliseconds. An additional, large, low-frequency (LF) component, associated with ventricular volume variations, was observed in FCG, while not being visible in SCG. The encouraging results of this feasibility study suggest that FCG is not only able to acquire similar information as SCG, but it also provides additional information on ventricular contraction. Further analyses are foreseen to confirm the advantages of FCG as a technique to improve the scope and significance of pervasive cardiac monitoring.

ACS Style

Emilio Andreozzi; Antonio Fratini; Daniele Esposito; Ganesh Naik; Caitlin Polley; Gaetano D. Gargiulo; Paolo Bifulco. Forcecardiography: A Novel Technique to Measure Heart Mechanical Vibrations onto the Chest Wall. Sensors 2020, 20, 3885 .

AMA Style

Emilio Andreozzi, Antonio Fratini, Daniele Esposito, Ganesh Naik, Caitlin Polley, Gaetano D. Gargiulo, Paolo Bifulco. Forcecardiography: A Novel Technique to Measure Heart Mechanical Vibrations onto the Chest Wall. Sensors. 2020; 20 (14):3885.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emilio Andreozzi; Antonio Fratini; Daniele Esposito; Ganesh Naik; Caitlin Polley; Gaetano D. Gargiulo; Paolo Bifulco. 2020. "Forcecardiography: A Novel Technique to Measure Heart Mechanical Vibrations onto the Chest Wall." Sensors 20, no. 14: 3885.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2020 in JMIR Aging
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Background New wearable devices (for example, AliveCor or Zio patch) offer promise in detecting arrhythmia and monitoring cardiac health status, among other clinically useful parameters in older adults. However, the clinical utility and usability from the perspectives of clinicians is largely unexplored. Objective This study aimed to explore clinician perspectives on the use of wearable cardiac monitoring technology for older adults. Methods A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using semistructured focus group interviews. Clinicians were recruited through purposive sampling of physicians, nurses, and allied health staff working in 3 tertiary-level hospitals. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis to identify themes. Results Clinicians representing physicians, nurses, and allied health staff working in 3 tertiary-level hospitals completed 4 focus group interviews between May 2019 and July 2019. There were 50 participants (28 men and 22 women), including cardiologists, geriatricians, nurses, and allied health staff. The focus groups generated the following 3 overarching, interrelated themes: (1) the current state of play, understanding the perceived challenges of patient cardiac monitoring in hospitals, (2) priorities in cardiac monitoring, what parameters new technologies should measure, and (3) cardiac monitoring of the future, “the ideal device.” Conclusions There remain pitfalls related to the design of wearable cardiac technology for older adults that present clinical challenges. These pitfalls and challenges likely negatively impact the uptake of wearable cardiac monitoring in routine clinical care. Partnering with clinicians and patients in the co-design of new wearable cardiac monitoring technologies is critical to optimize the use of these devices and their uptake in clinical care.

ACS Style

Michal Itzhaki; Linsey Gani; Birthe Dinesen; Eric Ding; Caleb Ferguson; Sally C Inglis; Paul P Breen; Gaetano D Gargiulo; Victoria Byiers; Peter S Macdonald; Louise D Hickman. Clinician Perspectives on the Design and Application of Wearable Cardiac Technologies for Older Adults: Qualitative Study. JMIR Aging 2020, 3, e17299 .

AMA Style

Michal Itzhaki, Linsey Gani, Birthe Dinesen, Eric Ding, Caleb Ferguson, Sally C Inglis, Paul P Breen, Gaetano D Gargiulo, Victoria Byiers, Peter S Macdonald, Louise D Hickman. Clinician Perspectives on the Design and Application of Wearable Cardiac Technologies for Older Adults: Qualitative Study. JMIR Aging. 2020; 3 (1):e17299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michal Itzhaki; Linsey Gani; Birthe Dinesen; Eric Ding; Caleb Ferguson; Sally C Inglis; Paul P Breen; Gaetano D Gargiulo; Victoria Byiers; Peter S Macdonald; Louise D Hickman. 2020. "Clinician Perspectives on the Design and Application of Wearable Cardiac Technologies for Older Adults: Qualitative Study." JMIR Aging 3, no. 1: e17299.

Communication
Published: 08 June 2020 in Sensors
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With this paper we communicated the existence of a surface electrocardiography (ECG) recordings dataset, named WCTECGdb, that aside from the standard 12-lead signals includes the raw electrode biopotential for each of the nine exploring electrodes refereed directly to the right leg. This dataset, comprises of 540 ten second segments recorded from 92 patients at Campbelltown Hospital, NSW Australia, and is now available for download from the Physionet platform. The data included in the dataset confirm that the Wilson’s Central Terminal (WCT) has a relatively large amplitude (up to 247% of lead II) with standard ECG characteristics such as a p-wave and a t-wave, and is highly variable during the cardiac cycle. As further examples of application for our data, we assess: (1) the presence of a conductive pathway between the legs and the heart concluding that in some cases is electrically significant and (2) the initial assumption about the limbs potential stating the dominance of the left arm concluding that this is not always the case and that might requires case to case assessment.

ACS Style

Hossein Moeinzadeh; Joseph Assad; Paolo Bifulco; Mario Cesarelli; Aiden O’Loughlin; Jonathan C. Tapson; Ibrahim M. Shugman; Aravinda Thiagalingam; Gaetano D. Gargiulo. WCTECGdb: A 12-Lead Electrocardiography Dataset Recorded Simultaneously with Raw Exploring Electrodes’ Potential Directly Referred to the Right Leg. Sensors 2020, 20, 3275 .

AMA Style

Hossein Moeinzadeh, Joseph Assad, Paolo Bifulco, Mario Cesarelli, Aiden O’Loughlin, Jonathan C. Tapson, Ibrahim M. Shugman, Aravinda Thiagalingam, Gaetano D. Gargiulo. WCTECGdb: A 12-Lead Electrocardiography Dataset Recorded Simultaneously with Raw Exploring Electrodes’ Potential Directly Referred to the Right Leg. Sensors. 2020; 20 (11):3275.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hossein Moeinzadeh; Joseph Assad; Paolo Bifulco; Mario Cesarelli; Aiden O’Loughlin; Jonathan C. Tapson; Ibrahim M. Shugman; Aravinda Thiagalingam; Gaetano D. Gargiulo. 2020. "WCTECGdb: A 12-Lead Electrocardiography Dataset Recorded Simultaneously with Raw Exploring Electrodes’ Potential Directly Referred to the Right Leg." Sensors 20, no. 11: 3275.

Review
Published: 27 May 2020 in Robotics
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Just as laparoscopic surgery provided a giant leap in safety and recovery for patients over open surgery methods, robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) is doing the same to laparoscopic surgery. The first laparoscopic-RAS systems to be commercialized were the Intuitive Surgical, Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA, USA) da Vinci and the Computer Motion Zeus. These systems were similar in many aspects, which led to a patent dispute between the two companies. Before the dispute was settled in court, Intuitive Surgical bought Computer Motion, and thus owned critical patents for laparoscopic-RAS. Recently, the patents held by Intuitive Surgical have begun to expire, leading to many new laparoscopic-RAS systems being developed and entering the market. In this study, we review the newly commercialized and prototype laparoscopic-RAS systems. We compare the features of the imaging and display technology, surgeons console and patient cart of the reviewed RAS systems. We also briefly discuss the future directions of laparoscopic-RAS surgery. With new laparoscopic-RAS systems now commercially available we should see RAS being adopted more widely in surgical interventions and costs of procedures using RAS to decrease in the near future.

ACS Style

Sally Kathryn Longmore; Ganesh Naik; Gaetano D. Gargiulo. Laparoscopic Robotic Surgery: Current Perspective and Future Directions. Robotics 2020, 9, 42 .

AMA Style

Sally Kathryn Longmore, Ganesh Naik, Gaetano D. Gargiulo. Laparoscopic Robotic Surgery: Current Perspective and Future Directions. Robotics. 2020; 9 (2):42.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sally Kathryn Longmore; Ganesh Naik; Gaetano D. Gargiulo. 2020. "Laparoscopic Robotic Surgery: Current Perspective and Future Directions." Robotics 9, no. 2: 42.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2020 in Sensors
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The comfortable, continuous monitoring of vital parameters is still a challenge. The long-term measurement of respiration and cardiovascular signals is required to diagnose cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Similarly, sleep quality assessment and the recovery period following acute treatments require long-term vital parameter datalogging. To address these requirements, we have developed “VitalCore”, a wearable continuous vital parameter monitoring device in the form of a T-shirt targeting the uninterrupted monitoring of respiration, pulse, and actigraphy. VitalCore uses polymer-based stretchable resistive bands as the primary sensor to capture breathing and pulse patterns from chest expansion. The carbon black-impregnated polymer is implemented in a U-shaped configuration and attached to the T-shirt with “interfacing” material along with the accompanying electronics. In this paper, VitalCore is bench tested and compared to gold standard respiration and pulse measurements to verify its functionality and further to assess the quality of data captured during sleep and during light exercise (walking). We show that these polymer-based sensors could identify respiratory peaks with a sensitivity of 99.44%, precision of 96.23%, and false-negative rate of 0.557% during sleep. We also show that this T-shirt configuration allows the wearer to sleep in all sleeping positions with a negligible difference of data quality. The device was also able to capture breathing during gait with 88.9–100% accuracy in respiratory peak detection.

ACS Style

Titus Jayarathna; Gaetano D. Gargiulo; Paul P. Breen. Continuous Vital Monitoring During Sleep and Light Activity Using Carbon-Black Elastomer Sensors. Sensors 2020, 20, 1583 .

AMA Style

Titus Jayarathna, Gaetano D. Gargiulo, Paul P. Breen. Continuous Vital Monitoring During Sleep and Light Activity Using Carbon-Black Elastomer Sensors. Sensors. 2020; 20 (6):1583.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Titus Jayarathna; Gaetano D. Gargiulo; Paul P. Breen. 2020. "Continuous Vital Monitoring During Sleep and Light Activity Using Carbon-Black Elastomer Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 6: 1583.

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2019 in Sensors
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Stretchable conductive materials are originally conceived as radio frequency (RF) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, and, under stretch, they generally function as distributed strain-gauges. These commercially available conductive elastomers have found their space in low power health monitoring systems, for example, to monitor respiratory and cardiac functions. Conductive elastomers do not behave linearly due to material constraints; hence, when used as a sensor, a full characterisation to identify ideal operating ranges are required. In this paper, we studied how the continuous stretch cycles affected the material electrical and physical properties in different embodiment impressed by bodily volume change. We simulated the stretch associated with breathing using a bespoke stress rig to ensure reproducibility of results. The stretch rig is capable of providing constant sinusoidal waves in the physiological ranges of extension and frequency. The material performances is evaluated assessing the total harmonic distortion (THD), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), correlation coefficient, peak to peak (P-P) amplitude, accuracy, repeatability, hysteresis, delay, and washability. The results showed that, among the three controlled variables, stretch length, stretch frequency and fabric width, the most significant factor to the signal quality is the stretch length. The ideal working region is within 2% of the original length. The material cut in strips of >3 mm show more reliable to handle a variety of stretch parameter without losing its internal characteristics and electrical properties.

ACS Style

Sami El Arja; Titus Jayarathna; Ganesh Naik; Paul Breen; Gaetano Gargiulo. Characterisation of Morphic Sensors for Body Volume and Shape Applications. Sensors 2019, 20, 90 .

AMA Style

Sami El Arja, Titus Jayarathna, Ganesh Naik, Paul Breen, Gaetano Gargiulo. Characterisation of Morphic Sensors for Body Volume and Shape Applications. Sensors. 2019; 20 (1):90.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sami El Arja; Titus Jayarathna; Ganesh Naik; Paul Breen; Gaetano Gargiulo. 2019. "Characterisation of Morphic Sensors for Body Volume and Shape Applications." Sensors 20, no. 1: 90.

Preprint content
Published: 12 December 2019
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BACKGROUND New wearable devices (for example, AliveCor or Zio patch) offer promise in detecting arrhythmia and monitoring cardiac health status, among other clinically useful parameters in older adults. However, the clinical utility and usability from the perspectives of clinicians is largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore clinician perspectives on the use of wearable cardiac monitoring technology for older adults. METHODS A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using semistructured focus group interviews. Clinicians were recruited through purposive sampling of physicians, nurses, and allied health staff working in 3 tertiary-level hospitals. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis to identify themes. RESULTS Clinicians representing physicians, nurses, and allied health staff working in 3 tertiary-level hospitals completed 4 focus group interviews between May 2019 and July 2019. There were 50 participants (28 men and 22 women), including cardiologists, geriatricians, nurses, and allied health staff. The focus groups generated the following 3 overarching, interrelated themes: (1) the current state of play, understanding the perceived challenges of patient cardiac monitoring in hospitals, (2) priorities in cardiac monitoring, what parameters new technologies should measure, and (3) cardiac monitoring of the future, “the ideal device.” CONCLUSIONS There remain pitfalls related to the design of wearable cardiac technology for older adults that present clinical challenges. These pitfalls and challenges likely negatively impact the uptake of wearable cardiac monitoring in routine clinical care. Partnering with clinicians and patients in the co-design of new wearable cardiac monitoring technologies is critical to optimize the use of these devices and their uptake in clinical care.

ACS Style

Caleb Ferguson; Sally C Inglis; Paul P Breen; Gaetano D Gargiulo; Victoria Byiers; Peter S Macdonald; Louise D Hickman. Clinician Perspectives on the Design and Application of Wearable Cardiac Technologies for Older Adults: Qualitative Study (Preprint). 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Caleb Ferguson, Sally C Inglis, Paul P Breen, Gaetano D Gargiulo, Victoria Byiers, Peter S Macdonald, Louise D Hickman. Clinician Perspectives on the Design and Application of Wearable Cardiac Technologies for Older Adults: Qualitative Study (Preprint). . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Caleb Ferguson; Sally C Inglis; Paul P Breen; Gaetano D Gargiulo; Victoria Byiers; Peter S Macdonald; Louise D Hickman. 2019. "Clinician Perspectives on the Design and Application of Wearable Cardiac Technologies for Older Adults: Qualitative Study (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 21 November 2019 in Sensors
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Abnormal heart rhythms are one of the significant health concerns worldwide. The current state-of-the-art to recognize and classify abnormal heartbeats is manually performed by visual inspection by an expert practitioner. This is not just a tedious task; it is also error prone and, because it is performed, post-recordings may add unnecessary delay to the care. The real key to the fight to cardiac diseases is real-time detection that triggers prompt action. The biggest hurdle to real-time detection is represented by the rare occurrences of abnormal heartbeats and even more are some rare typologies that are not fully represented in signal datasets; the latter is what makes it difficult for doctors and algorithms to recognize them. This work presents an automated heartbeat classification based on nonlinear morphological features and a voting scheme suitable for rare heartbeat morphologies. Although the algorithm is designed and tested on a computer, it is intended ultimately to run on a portable i.e., field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices. Our algorithm tested on Massachusetts Institute of Technology- Beth Israel Hospital(MIT-BIH) database as per Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation(AAMI) recommendations. The simulation results show the superiority of the proposed method, especially in predicting minority groups: the fusion and unknown classes with 90.4% and 100%.

ACS Style

Rajesh N V P S Kandala; Ravindra Dhuli; Paweł Pławiak; Ganesh R. Naik; Hossein Moeinzadeh; Gaetano D. Gargiulo; Suryanarayana Gunnam. Towards Real-Time Heartbeat Classification: Evaluation of Nonlinear Morphological Features and Voting Method. Sensors 2019, 19, 5079 .

AMA Style

Rajesh N V P S Kandala, Ravindra Dhuli, Paweł Pławiak, Ganesh R. Naik, Hossein Moeinzadeh, Gaetano D. Gargiulo, Suryanarayana Gunnam. Towards Real-Time Heartbeat Classification: Evaluation of Nonlinear Morphological Features and Voting Method. Sensors. 2019; 19 (23):5079.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rajesh N V P S Kandala; Ravindra Dhuli; Paweł Pławiak; Ganesh R. Naik; Hossein Moeinzadeh; Gaetano D. Gargiulo; Suryanarayana Gunnam. 2019. "Towards Real-Time Heartbeat Classification: Evaluation of Nonlinear Morphological Features and Voting Method." Sensors 19, no. 23: 5079.

Review
Published: 22 October 2019 in Sensors
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Upper limb amputation is a condition that significantly restricts the amputees from performing their daily activities. The myoelectric prosthesis, using signals from residual stump muscles, is aimed at restoring the function of such lost limbs seamlessly. Unfortunately, the acquisition and use of such myosignals are cumbersome and complicated. Furthermore, once acquired, it usually requires heavy computational power to turn it into a user control signal. Its transition to a practical prosthesis solution is still being challenged by various factors particularly those related to the fact that each amputee has different mobility, muscle contraction forces, limb positional variations and electrode placements. Thus, a solution that can adapt or otherwise tailor itself to each individual is required for maximum utility across amputees. Modified machine learning schemes for pattern recognition have the potential to significantly reduce the factors (movement of users and contraction of the muscle) affecting the traditional electromyography (EMG)-pattern recognition methods. Although recent developments of intelligent pattern recognition techniques could discriminate multiple degrees of freedom with high-level accuracy, their efficiency level was less accessible and revealed in real-world (amputee) applications. This review paper examined the suitability of upper limb prosthesis (ULP) inventions in the healthcare sector from their technical control perspective. More focus was given to the review of real-world applications and the use of pattern recognition control on amputees. We first reviewed the overall structure of pattern recognition schemes for myo-control prosthetic systems and then discussed their real-time use on amputee upper limbs. Finally, we concluded the paper with a discussion of the existing challenges and future research recommendations.

ACS Style

Nawadita Parajuli; Neethu Sreenivasan; Paolo Bifulco; Mario Cesarelli; Sergio Savino; Vincenzo Niola; Daniele Esposito; Tara J. Hamilton; Ganesh R. Naik; Upul Gunawardana; Gaetano D. Gargiulo. Real-Time EMG Based Pattern Recognition Control for Hand Prostheses: A Review on Existing Methods, Challenges and Future Implementation. Sensors 2019, 19, 4596 .

AMA Style

Nawadita Parajuli, Neethu Sreenivasan, Paolo Bifulco, Mario Cesarelli, Sergio Savino, Vincenzo Niola, Daniele Esposito, Tara J. Hamilton, Ganesh R. Naik, Upul Gunawardana, Gaetano D. Gargiulo. Real-Time EMG Based Pattern Recognition Control for Hand Prostheses: A Review on Existing Methods, Challenges and Future Implementation. Sensors. 2019; 19 (20):4596.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nawadita Parajuli; Neethu Sreenivasan; Paolo Bifulco; Mario Cesarelli; Sergio Savino; Vincenzo Niola; Daniele Esposito; Tara J. Hamilton; Ganesh R. Naik; Upul Gunawardana; Gaetano D. Gargiulo. 2019. "Real-Time EMG Based Pattern Recognition Control for Hand Prostheses: A Review on Existing Methods, Challenges and Future Implementation." Sensors 19, no. 20: 4596.

Conference paper
Published: 25 September 2019 in VI Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2014, Paraná, Argentina 29, 30 & 31 October 2014
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Important features of a hand prosthesis are certainly the comfort in wearing it, the ease of use, the activation speed, the low energy consumption and no less important the anthropomorphic aspect. This study focused on the activation speed and the energy consumption of an under-actuated, low-cost, active hand prosthesis named “Federica”. The prosthesis is moved by a single servomotor able to rotate 180 degrees. Video acquisitions of complete rotations of the servomotor, when it works freely or fixed to the mechanical components of the prosthesis, were used to compare the different kinematic behaviors of the servomotor. A current sensor was used to measure the absorbed current, i.e. the energy absorption, by the servomotor under different uses of the prosthesis (at rest, grasping objects, raising water bottles, etc.). The comparison between the kinematic behaviors of the servomotor alone or connected to the prosthesis, showed the mechanical efficiency of the prosthesis with very low latencies and small variations in velocity and acceleration profiles. The prosthesis took about half a second from the muscle sensor trigger to the complete closure of the hand, showing a significant speed. Finally, tests on current absorption of the servomotor in various conditions resembling prosthesis daily usage, revealed the capacity to guarantee an autonomy of at least one day when powered by 7.4 V, 3000 mAh battery pack.

ACS Style

Daniele Esposito; Sergio Savino; Chiara Cosenza; Gaetano Dario Gargiulo; Antonio Fratini; Giuseppe Cesarelli; Paolo Bifulco. Study on the Activation Speed and the Energy Consumption of “Federica” Prosthetic Hand. VI Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2014, Paraná, Argentina 29, 30 & 31 October 2014 2019, 594 -603.

AMA Style

Daniele Esposito, Sergio Savino, Chiara Cosenza, Gaetano Dario Gargiulo, Antonio Fratini, Giuseppe Cesarelli, Paolo Bifulco. Study on the Activation Speed and the Energy Consumption of “Federica” Prosthetic Hand. VI Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2014, Paraná, Argentina 29, 30 & 31 October 2014. 2019; ():594-603.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Esposito; Sergio Savino; Chiara Cosenza; Gaetano Dario Gargiulo; Antonio Fratini; Giuseppe Cesarelli; Paolo Bifulco. 2019. "Study on the Activation Speed and the Energy Consumption of “Federica” Prosthetic Hand." VI Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2014, Paraná, Argentina 29, 30 & 31 October 2014 , no. : 594-603.

Conference paper
Published: 25 September 2019 in VI Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2014, Paraná, Argentina 29, 30 & 31 October 2014
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Modern 3D printing technologies and wide availability of microcontroller boards allow to make active prosthetic devices in a simple way. This is the case of “Federica”, a very low-cost, under-actuated, active hand prosthesis. The five fingers of the prosthesis are moved by a single motor through inelastic tendons. The control system of the prosthesis is proportional to muscle contraction: firstly, EMG was used, then mechanical sensors that measure muscle volumetric variation were successfully utilized. This prosthesis proved to be particularly energy efficient and fast; it provided a general grasp function by adapting the exerted forces, thus allowing to easily catch even deformable objects. This study presents further analyses and design improvements of this prosthesis. In particular, a new, extremely simple but effective conditioning system of a force sensor resistor was presented and tested. In addition, the actual three-dimensional kinematics of a single finger was captured by means of high frame rate cameras and then analyzed. The new sensor conditioning system was characterized. It proved to be as effective as the EMG envelope to proportionally control the hand prosthesis motion, and it allowed an easier connection to common microcontroller boards. Kinematic analysis allowed to accurately reconstruct the actual phalanges motion over time.

ACS Style

Daniele Esposito; Chiara Cosenza; Gaetano Dario Gargiulo; Emilio Andreozzi; Vincenzo Niola; Antonio Fratini; Giovanni D’Addio; Paolo Bifulco. Experimental Study to Improve “Federica” Prosthetic Hand and Its Control System. VI Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2014, Paraná, Argentina 29, 30 & 31 October 2014 2019, 586 -593.

AMA Style

Daniele Esposito, Chiara Cosenza, Gaetano Dario Gargiulo, Emilio Andreozzi, Vincenzo Niola, Antonio Fratini, Giovanni D’Addio, Paolo Bifulco. Experimental Study to Improve “Federica” Prosthetic Hand and Its Control System. VI Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2014, Paraná, Argentina 29, 30 & 31 October 2014. 2019; ():586-593.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Esposito; Chiara Cosenza; Gaetano Dario Gargiulo; Emilio Andreozzi; Vincenzo Niola; Antonio Fratini; Giovanni D’Addio; Paolo Bifulco. 2019. "Experimental Study to Improve “Federica” Prosthetic Hand and Its Control System." VI Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2014, Paraná, Argentina 29, 30 & 31 October 2014 , no. : 586-593.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in Medical Engineering & Physics
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Subsensory electrical noise stimulation has been shown to improve sensory perception in humans. However, the majority of this work has been limited to the laboratory due to unavailability of portable body-worn stimulators. In this paper, we present a robust and reliable stimulator, engineered for wearable applications and designed to extend modulation of human sensory perception outside the physiology laboratory. The stimulator provides an arbitrary waveform constant current stimulation, offering continuous current stimulation up to ±5 mA with a voltage compliance of ±25 V (expandable up to 70 V). A graphical user interface allows setting of stimulus parameters within fixed ranges via a USB connected computer. The interface is very simple using a single power switch and a single multi-coloured LED for device feedback. The applied stimulus voltage and current are continually monitored and used to detect short circuit, high impedance conditions. These conditions, and other errors e.g. low battery state, put the device in a safe state with the user disconnected via a relay. All captured data, including accelerometer data, is logged to a removable SD card. Powered by an interchangeable, Li-Ion battery pack >4 h stimulation is achievable. The full circuit, system software and bench tests performed are presented.

ACS Style

Paul P. Breen; Jorge M. Serrador; Gaetano D. Gargiulo. Arbitrary waveform constant current stimulator for long-term wearable applications. Medical Engineering & Physics 2019, 68, 108 -115.

AMA Style

Paul P. Breen, Jorge M. Serrador, Gaetano D. Gargiulo. Arbitrary waveform constant current stimulator for long-term wearable applications. Medical Engineering & Physics. 2019; 68 ():108-115.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul P. Breen; Jorge M. Serrador; Gaetano D. Gargiulo. 2019. "Arbitrary waveform constant current stimulator for long-term wearable applications." Medical Engineering & Physics 68, no. : 108-115.

Journal article
Published: 19 April 2019 in Sensors
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Monitoring of vital signs is critical for patient triage and management. Principal assessments of patient conditions include respiratory rate heart/pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation. However, these assessments are usually carried out with multiple sensors placed in different body locations. The aim of this paper is to identify a single location on the human anatomy whereby a single 1 cm × 1 cm non-invasive sensor could simultaneously measure heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and respiration rate (RR), at rest and while walking. To evaluate the best anatomical location, we analytically compared eight anatomical locations for photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors simultaneously acquired by a single microprocessor at rest and while walking, with a comparison to a commercial pulse oximeter and respiration rate ground truth. Our results show that the forehead produced the most accurate results for HR and SpO2 both at rest and walking, however, it had poor RR results. The finger recorded similar results for HR and SpO2, however, it had more accurate RR results. Overall, we found the finger to be the best location for measurement of all three parameters at rest; however, no site was identified as capable of measuring all parameters while walking.

ACS Style

Sally K. Longmore; Gough Y. Lui; Ganesh Naik; Paul P. Breen; Bin Jalaludin; Gaetano D. Gargiulo. A Comparison of Reflective Photoplethysmography for Detection of Heart Rate, Blood Oxygen Saturation, and Respiration Rate at Various Anatomical Locations. Sensors 2019, 19, 1874 .

AMA Style

Sally K. Longmore, Gough Y. Lui, Ganesh Naik, Paul P. Breen, Bin Jalaludin, Gaetano D. Gargiulo. A Comparison of Reflective Photoplethysmography for Detection of Heart Rate, Blood Oxygen Saturation, and Respiration Rate at Various Anatomical Locations. Sensors. 2019; 19 (8):1874.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sally K. Longmore; Gough Y. Lui; Ganesh Naik; Paul P. Breen; Bin Jalaludin; Gaetano D. Gargiulo. 2019. "A Comparison of Reflective Photoplethysmography for Detection of Heart Rate, Blood Oxygen Saturation, and Respiration Rate at Various Anatomical Locations." Sensors 19, no. 8: 1874.

Journal article
Published: 13 February 2019 in Sensors
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The Open-electroencephalography (EEG) framework is a popular platform to enable EEG measurements and general purposes Brain Computer Interface experimentations. However, the current platform is limited by the number of available channels and electrode compatibility. In this paper we present a fully configurable platform with up to 32 EEG channels and compatibility with virtually any kind of passive electrodes including textile, rubber and contactless electrodes. Together with the full hardware details, results and performance on a single volunteer participant (limited to alpha wave elicitation), we present the brain computer interface (BCI)2000 EEG source driver together with source code as well as the compiled (.exe). In addition, all the necessary device firmware, gerbers and bill of materials for the full reproducibility of the presented hardware is included. Furthermore, the end user can vary the dry-electrode reference circuitry, circuit bandwidth as well as sample rate to adapt the device to other generalized biopotential measurements. Although, not implemented in the tested prototype, the Biomedical Analogue to Digital Converter BIOADC naturally supports SPI communication for an additional 32 channels including the gain controller. In the appendix we describe the necessary modification to the presented hardware to enable this function.

ACS Style

Gaetano D. Gargiulo; Paolo Bifulco; Mario Cesarelli; Alistair McEwan; Armin Nikpour; Craig Jin; Upul Gunawardana; Neethu Sreenivasan; Andrew Wabnitz; Tara J. Hamilton. Fully Open-Access Passive Dry Electrodes BIOADC: Open-Electroencephalography (EEG) Re-Invented. Sensors 2019, 19, 772 .

AMA Style

Gaetano D. Gargiulo, Paolo Bifulco, Mario Cesarelli, Alistair McEwan, Armin Nikpour, Craig Jin, Upul Gunawardana, Neethu Sreenivasan, Andrew Wabnitz, Tara J. Hamilton. Fully Open-Access Passive Dry Electrodes BIOADC: Open-Electroencephalography (EEG) Re-Invented. Sensors. 2019; 19 (4):772.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaetano D. Gargiulo; Paolo Bifulco; Mario Cesarelli; Alistair McEwan; Armin Nikpour; Craig Jin; Upul Gunawardana; Neethu Sreenivasan; Andrew Wabnitz; Tara J. Hamilton. 2019. "Fully Open-Access Passive Dry Electrodes BIOADC: Open-Electroencephalography (EEG) Re-Invented." Sensors 19, no. 4: 772.

Research note
Published: 20 December 2018 in BMC Research Notes
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The Wilson Central Terminal (WCT) is an artificially constructed reference for surface electrocardiography, which is assumed to be near zero and steady during the cardiac cycle; namely it is the simple average of the three recorded limbs (right arm, left arm and left leg) composing the Einthoven triangle and considered to be electrically equidistant from the electrical center of the heart. This assumption has been challenged and disproved in 1954 with an experiment designed just to measure and minimize WCT. Minimization was attempted varying in real time the weight resistors connected to the limbs. Unfortunately, the experiment required a very cumbersome setup and showed that WCT amplitude could not be universally minimized, in other words, the weight resistors change for each person. Taking advantage of modern computation techniques as well as of a special ECG device that aside of the standard 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) can measure WCT components, we propose a software minimization (genetic algorithm) method using data recorded from 72 volunteers. We show that while the WCT presents average amplitude relative to lead II of 58.85% (standard deviation of 30.84%), our minimization method yields an amplitude as small as 7.45% of lead II (standard deviation of 9.04%).

ACS Style

Hossein Moeinzadeh; Paolo Bifulco; Mario Cesarelli; Alistair L. McEwan; Aiden O’Loughlin; Ibrahim M. Shugman; Jonathan C. Tapson; Aravinda Thiagalingam; Gaetano D. Gargiulo. Minimization of the Wilson’s Central Terminal voltage potential via a genetic algorithm. BMC Research Notes 2018, 11, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Hossein Moeinzadeh, Paolo Bifulco, Mario Cesarelli, Alistair L. McEwan, Aiden O’Loughlin, Ibrahim M. Shugman, Jonathan C. Tapson, Aravinda Thiagalingam, Gaetano D. Gargiulo. Minimization of the Wilson’s Central Terminal voltage potential via a genetic algorithm. BMC Research Notes. 2018; 11 (1):1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hossein Moeinzadeh; Paolo Bifulco; Mario Cesarelli; Alistair L. McEwan; Aiden O’Loughlin; Ibrahim M. Shugman; Jonathan C. Tapson; Aravinda Thiagalingam; Gaetano D. Gargiulo. 2018. "Minimization of the Wilson’s Central Terminal voltage potential via a genetic algorithm." BMC Research Notes 11, no. 1: 1-5.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2018 in Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine
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Background and Aim: To analyse the long-term patency of coronary arteries and correlated factors in a cohort of patients undergone arterial switch (ASO) operation in our institution. Methods: This is a retrospective study of operative and postoperative data of 191 patients who underwent ASO between 1991 and 2016. All patients underwent clinical, echocardiographic and angiographic evaluation during follow-up; dobutamine-stress and treadmill test were performed when indicated. Variables included were: complex native coronary anatomy (Yacoub types B-E), aorto-pulmonary relationship (anterior aorta vs. syde-by-syde) dimensional-mismatch, coronary reimplantation technique (direct-punch vs. trap-door technique). Univariate analysis was performed by chi-squared test and ANOVA when necessary. Results: 191 patients have been studied by elective invasive cardiac coronary angiography after ASO at a mean time of 2.7 ± 2.1years without any significant procedure-related complication. Mean follow-up after the ASO was 12.9 ± 6.6years. Nine patients (4.7%) had angiographic signs of coronary stenosis or occlusion:8/9were asymptomatic. All details are reported in Table 1. Neither TGA anatomical features, nor coronary anatomy,nor reimplantation technique were identified as risk factors for occurrence of coronary artery obstruction (univariable analysis p values 0.159, 0.282, 0.49 respectively). Conclusions: Coronary obstruction after ASO is a silent and often overlooked complication. Patients may not show any symptoms or instrumental evidence of myocardial ischemia even with severe lesions, and the ordinary non-invasive diagnostic tools could be inadequate. Routine angiographic catheterization represents a secure and effective tool for follow-up ensuring early identification of coronary disease. In our experience, the extended mobilization of coronary ostia to avoid abnormal coronary tension/distortion, even by the excision of small conal branches, has led to low incidence of coronary obstruction. Thanks to this, neither coronary complexity is a risk factor anymore

ACS Style

E. Angeli; F.D. Petridis; L. Careddu; G. Egidy Assenza; F. Tonelli; E. Mariucci; C. Ciuca; G.D. Gargiulo; A. Donti. OC75 THE LONG TERM FATE OF CORONARY ARTERIES AFTER ARTERIAL SWITCH OPERATION FOR TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 2018, 19, e7 .

AMA Style

E. Angeli, F.D. Petridis, L. Careddu, G. Egidy Assenza, F. Tonelli, E. Mariucci, C. Ciuca, G.D. Gargiulo, A. Donti. OC75 THE LONG TERM FATE OF CORONARY ARTERIES AFTER ARTERIAL SWITCH OPERATION FOR TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine. 2018; 19 ():e7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Angeli; F.D. Petridis; L. Careddu; G. Egidy Assenza; F. Tonelli; E. Mariucci; C. Ciuca; G.D. Gargiulo; A. Donti. 2018. "OC75 THE LONG TERM FATE OF CORONARY ARTERIES AFTER ARTERIAL SWITCH OPERATION FOR TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES." Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 19, no. : e7.