Plants belonging to the genus Opuntia spp. are the most abundant of the Cactaceae family, grown throughout America and the Mediterranean central area. Its fruit, known as cactus pear or prickly pear, is an oval berry grouped in different colors. Some studies have shown its antioxidant activities which may help in preventing chronic pathologies such as diabetes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of three varieties of prickly pear juice (red-purple, white-green and yellow-orange) in five different concentrations (100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/mL) by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) colorimetric method, selecting the best variety to determine its anticlastogenic potential against methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The results indicate that the highest antioxidant was found in the juice of the prickly pear red-purple variety (PPRP), in all concentrations. Its anticlastogenic potential was therefore evaluated with a micronucleus assay. The experiment was run over two weeks. A negative control was included along with a positive control with MMS (40 mg/kg), a group of mice treated with PPRP (25 mL/kg), and three groups with PPRP (in doses of 25, 16.5 and 8.3 mL/kg) plus the mutagen. The PPRP was administered daily by oral gavage and the MMS was injected intraperitoneally five days prior to the end of the experiment. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in order to determine the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPE). The results indicated that PPRP is not a genotoxic agent, on the contrary, it may reduce the number of MNPE. In this regard, the PPRP showed an anticlastogenic effect directly proportional to its concentrations. Thus, the highest protection was obtained with a concentration of 25 mL/kg after 48 h of treatment.

The main objective of research into new therapies is the search for more efficacy and fewer toxic effects in cancer treatments. On one hand, vincristine (VCR) is a chemotherapeutic used in different kinds of tumors. On the other hand, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a green tea metabolite that has shown an antineoplastic effect in diverse investigations, so the objective of this work is to evaluate the antitumor effects of the EGCG/VCR combination on tumor volume and survival. To achieve this objective, the solid model of lymphoma L5178Y was used in BALB/c mice with different doses of VCR, EGCG, and their combination allowed tumor growth and survival time recording. After tumor collection, measurements, and immunohistochemistry for p53, Bcl2, and Cyclin D1 were performed. The results showed that the EGCG/vincristine combination had a greater antitumor effect than those effects of vincristine and EGCG. It can be attributed to the fact that the greatest inhibition of Bcl2 was present in gathering of EGCG harvest with vincristine. Therefore, the combination of EGCG with vincristine has a better antineoplastic effect by inhibiting tumor development and increasing survival on both substances independently.

The search for more efficacy and fewer toxic effects in cancer treatments is the main objective of research into new therapies. Vincristine (VCR) is a chemotherapeutic used in different types of tumors. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a green tea metabolite that has shown an antineoplastic effect in different investigations, so the objective of this work was to evaluate the antitumor effect of the EGCG/VCR combination on tumor volume and survival. To achieve this objective, the solid model of lymphoma L5178Y was used in BALB/c mice with different doses of VCR, EGCG and their combination; Tumor grow and survival time were recorded. Once the tumors were obtained, they were measured and immunohistochemistry was performed for p53, Bcl2 and CD1. The results showed that the EGCG/vincristine combination had a greater antitumor effect that vincristine and EGCG. This can be partly attributed to the fact that the greatest Bcl2 inhibition was present in the combination of EGCG with vincristine. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combination of EGCG with vincristine has a better antineoplastic effect by inhibiting tumor development and increasing survival than both substances independently.

Metronidazol es un fármaco de la familia de los 5- nitroimidazoles, que posee propiedades antiparasitarias y antibacterianas en organismos anaerobios, razón por la cual es un medicamento ampliamente utilizado. Sin embargo, se han descrito una serie de efectos secundarios comunes a su uso, además, efectos adversos poco comunes también han sido reportados después de su uso, un ejemplo de estos es la Encefalopatía Inducida por Metronidazol (MIE por sus siglas en inglés). La MIE es un trastorno neurológico reversible que se presenta en raras ocasiones como un efecto adverso al consumo de metronidazol. Se caracteriza por alteraciones neurológicas centrales y periféricas como disartria, alteraciones en el estado de consciencia, marcha atáxica, parestesias, polineuropatía, y con menor frecuencia se presentan crisis convulsivas. El diagnóstico se realiza con base a la clínica, identificando el antecedente de consumo de Metronidazol y evidenciando en una resonancia magnética nuclear de cráneo imágenes hiperdensas a nivel de los ganglios dentados. Se produce reversión del cuadro cuando se suspende el consumo de Metronidazol. Es importante identificar el cuadro clínico adecuadamente y suspender el consumo del fármaco, además, se debe de informar a los pacientes sobre los potenciales efectos adversos que podría provocar el Metronidazol, incluyendo MIE.

Competences should be considered as a part of the cognitive-behavioural adaptive capacity that is inherent to the human being, which are deployed to respond to specific needs autonomously and to be able to collaborate in a professional environment. Therefore, scientific education must be associated with moral education. Professional deontology is an applied ethic that implies a code of conduct, which determines the minimum duties required of the professions in the development of their activity

Introducción: El rendimiento académico es utilizado como indicador de calidad académica, especialmente en escuelas de medicina. Por lo que identificar que lo afecta, genera estrategias que limiten su deficiencia. Objetivo: Identificar factores con potencial negativo en el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de medicina. Metodología: Se realizó con 1464 estudiantes de medicina de segundo a octavo semestres, mediante una encuesta electrónica con ítems referentes a factores sociodemográficos, académicos y dimensiones con potencial afectación en el rendimiento académico. Validada con la prueba de Alfa de Cronbach en 0.7414. Resultados: El estudio identificó factores con asociaciones significativas (<p= 0.05) en el rendimiento académico. Entre los factores sociodemográficos destaca el habitar solo, los factores académicos como el sentirse parcialmente preparado con los conocimientos, el número de intentos para ingresar al programa, el haber sido irregular al menos una vez, el número de materias reprobadas y el promedio actual. Adicionalmente, las dimensiones solo mostraron asociación significativa en pocos indicadores, en especial en la percepción de cualidades. Discusión y conclusión: Los hallazgos indican una fuerte asociación con el rendimiento académico bajo en estudiantes que viven solos, que hayan reprobado alguna vez, y que no presenten las cualidades necesarias. Por lo que es importante la aplicación de estrategias para mitigar los factores que afectan negativamente el rendimiento académico; este estudio proveerá evidencias de factores para su estudio individual en estudiantes de medicina.