To evaluate the possibilities for biofuel and bioenergy production Acacia Holosericea, which is an invasive plant available in Brunei Darussalam, was investigated. Proximate analysis of Acacia Holosericea shows that the moisture content, volatile matters, fixed carbon, and ash contents were 9.56%, 65.12%, 21.21%, and 3.91%, respectively. Ultimate analysis shows carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen as 44.03%, 5.67%, and 0.25%, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results have shown that maximum weight loss occurred for this biomass at 357 °C for pyrolysis and 287 °C for combustion conditions. Low moisture content (<10%), high hydrogen content, and higher heating value (about 18.13 MJ/kg) makes this species a potential biomass. The production of bio-char, bio-oil, and biogas from Acacia Holosericea was found 34.45%, 32.56%, 33.09% for 500 °C with a heating rate 5 °C/min and 25.81%, 37.61%, 36.58% with a heating rate 10 °C/min, respectively, in this research. From Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy it was shown that a strong C–H, C–O, and C=C bond exists in the bio-char of the sample.

Industrialization and urbanization are contributing extensively to the production of wastewater, which mostly ends up untreated in water bodies, leading to water pollution. Treatment of wastewater could be a promising approach in mitigating the pollution. Nano-biotechnology (NBT), which is an emerging technology, has excellent potential in wastewater treatment. Nano-materials have the ability to remove pollutants and pathogens by working either as the stand-alone treatment agents or by being incorporated into biological membranes and integrated with the conventional treatment techniques. This review presents an overview of possible applications of NBT in wastewater treatment, highlighting the antimicrobial activities of various nanomaterials, and describing the production of algal membrane-based bioreactor and microbial fuel cells. Significant difficulties in NBT utilization in wastewater treatment are also discussed. Further research directions needed to provide a sustainable method of water purification are proposed.