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Methane (CH4) from ruminal feed degradation is a major pollutant from ruminant livestock, which calls for mitigation strategies. The purpose of the present 4 × 2 factorial arrangement was to investigate the dose–response relationships between four doses of the CH4 inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and potential synergistic effects with low (LC) or high (HC) concentrate feed proportions (CFP) on CH4 reduction as both mitigation approaches differ in their mode of action (direct 3-NOP vs. indirect CFP effects). Diet substrates and 3-NOP were incubated in a rumen simulation technique to measure the concentration and production of volatile fatty acids (VFA), fermentation gases as well as substrate disappearance. Negative side effects on fermentation regarding total VFA and gas production as well as nutrient degradability were observed for neither CFP nor 3-NOP. CH4 production decreased from 10% up to 97% in a dose-dependent manner with increasing 3-NOP inclusion rate (dose: p< 0.001) but irrespective of CFP (CFP × dose: p = 0.094). Hydrogen gas accumulated correspondingly with increased 3-NOP dose (dose: p< 0.001). In vitro pH (p = 0.019) and redox potential (p = 0.066) varied by CFP, whereas the latter fluctuated with 3-NOP dose (p = 0.01). Acetate and iso-butyrate (mol %) decreased with 3-NOP dose, whereas iso-valerate increased (dose: p< 0.001). Propionate and valerate varied inconsistently due to 3-NOP supplementation. The feed additive 3-NOP was proven to be a dose-dependent yet effective CH4 inhibitor under conditions in vitro. The observed lack of additivity of increased CFP on the CH4 inhibition potential of 3-NOP needs to be verified in future research testing further diet types both in vitro and in vivo.
Matthias Schilde; Dirk von Soosten; Liane Hüther; Susanne Kersten; Ulrich Meyer; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. Dose–Response Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Combined with Low- and High-Concentrate Feed Proportions in the Dairy Cow Ration on Fermentation Parameters in a Rumen Simulation Technique. Animals 2021, 11, 1784 .
AMA StyleMatthias Schilde, Dirk von Soosten, Liane Hüther, Susanne Kersten, Ulrich Meyer, Annette Zeyner, Sven Dänicke. Dose–Response Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Combined with Low- and High-Concentrate Feed Proportions in the Dairy Cow Ration on Fermentation Parameters in a Rumen Simulation Technique. Animals. 2021; 11 (6):1784.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatthias Schilde; Dirk von Soosten; Liane Hüther; Susanne Kersten; Ulrich Meyer; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. 2021. "Dose–Response Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Combined with Low- and High-Concentrate Feed Proportions in the Dairy Cow Ration on Fermentation Parameters in a Rumen Simulation Technique." Animals 11, no. 6: 1784.
The climate-relevant enteric methane (CH4) formation represents a loss of feed energy that is potentially meaningful for energetically undersupplied peripartal dairy cows. Higher concentrate feed proportions (CFP) are known to reduce CH4 emissions in cows. The same applies to the feed additive 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP), albeit through different mechanisms. It was hypothesised that the hydrogen not utilised for CH4 formation through the inhibition by 3-NOP would be sequestered by propionate formation triggered by higher CFP so that it could thereby give rise to a synergistically reduced CH4 emission. In a 2 × 2-factorial design, low (LC) or high (HC) CFP were either tested without supplements (CONLC, CONHC) or combined with 3-NOP (NOPLC, 48.4 mg/kg dry matter (DM); NOPHC, 51.2 mg 3-NOP/kg DM). These four rations were fed to a total of 55 Holstein cows from d 28 ante partum until d 120 post partum. DM intake (DMI) was not affected by 3-NOP but increased with CFP (CFP; p < 0.001). CH4/DMI and CH4/energy-corrected milk (ECM) were mitigated by 3-NOP (23% NOPLC, 33% NOPHC) (p < 0.001) and high CFP (12% CON, 22% 3-NOP groups) (CFP × TIME p < 0.001). Under the conditions of the present experiment, the CH4 emissions of NOPLC increased to the level of the CON groups from week 8 until the end of trial (3-NOP × CFP × TIME; p < 0.01). CO2 yield decreased by 3-NOP and high CFP (3-NOP × CFP; p < 0.001). The reduced body weight loss and feed efficiency in HC groups paralleled a more positive energy balance being most obvious in NOPHC (3-NOP × CFP; p < 0.001). ECM was lower for NOPHC compared to CONHC (3-NOP × CFP; p < 0.05), whereas LC groups did not differ. A decreased fat to protein ratio was observed in HC groups and, until week 6 post partum, in NOPLC. Milk lactose and urea increased by 3-NOP (3-NOP; p < 0.05). 3-NOP and high CFP changed rumen fermentation to a more propionic-metabolic profile (3-NOP; CFP; p < 0.01) but did not affect rumen pH. In conclusion, CH4 emission was synergistically reduced when high CFP was combined with 3-NOP while the CH4 mitigating 3-NOP effect decreased with progressing time when the supplement was added to the high-forage ration. The nature of these interactions needs to be clarified.
Matthias Schilde; Dirk von Soosten; Liane Hüther; Ulrich Meyer; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and varying concentrate feed proportions in the ration on methane emission, rumen fermentation and performance of periparturient dairy cows. Archives of Animal Nutrition 2021, 75, 79 -104.
AMA StyleMatthias Schilde, Dirk von Soosten, Liane Hüther, Ulrich Meyer, Annette Zeyner, Sven Dänicke. Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and varying concentrate feed proportions in the ration on methane emission, rumen fermentation and performance of periparturient dairy cows. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 2021; 75 (2):79-104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatthias Schilde; Dirk von Soosten; Liane Hüther; Ulrich Meyer; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. 2021. "Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and varying concentrate feed proportions in the ration on methane emission, rumen fermentation and performance of periparturient dairy cows." Archives of Animal Nutrition 75, no. 2: 79-104.
The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of varying dietary energy supply as well as the impacts of subclinical ketosis (SCK) on blood chemistry and liver health. A total 63 German-Holstein cows were housed from three weeks antepartum until sixteen weeks postpartum. After calving, cows were assigned to one of four treatment groups receiving either moderate or high energy concentrations in roughage and secondly moderate or high amounts of concentrates. Retrospectively, cows were additionally grouped according to their β-hydroxybutyrate concentration (SK: cows with SCK vs. CON: cows without SCK). The different energy supply of treatment groups had little effects on blood and liver variables; greater differences occurred between SK and CON cows. Liver fat content of SK cows was 34% higher compared to CON cows. Also, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase, bilirubin concentration, and percentage of granulocytes were increased in SK cows. The results indicate that cows were able to adjust their metabolism to different dietary energy supplies without having a clearly increased risks for metabolic disorders. However, individual animals of all groups developed a metabolic derailment during the postpartum period resulting in SCK, which is closely connected with impaired liver function, compromised immune-responsiveness, and elevated oxidative stress.
Rolf Schmitz; Karina Schnabel; Jana Frahm; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Liane Hüther; Hubert Spiekers; Jürgen Rehage; Helga Sauerwein; Sven Dänicke. Effects of Energy Supply from Roughage and Concentrates and the Occurrence of Subclinical Ketosis on Blood Chemistry and Liver Health in Lactating Dairy Cows during Early Lactation. Dairy 2021, 2, 25 -39.
AMA StyleRolf Schmitz, Karina Schnabel, Jana Frahm, Dirk Von Soosten, Ulrich Meyer, Liane Hüther, Hubert Spiekers, Jürgen Rehage, Helga Sauerwein, Sven Dänicke. Effects of Energy Supply from Roughage and Concentrates and the Occurrence of Subclinical Ketosis on Blood Chemistry and Liver Health in Lactating Dairy Cows during Early Lactation. Dairy. 2021; 2 (1):25-39.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRolf Schmitz; Karina Schnabel; Jana Frahm; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Liane Hüther; Hubert Spiekers; Jürgen Rehage; Helga Sauerwein; Sven Dänicke. 2021. "Effects of Energy Supply from Roughage and Concentrates and the Occurrence of Subclinical Ketosis on Blood Chemistry and Liver Health in Lactating Dairy Cows during Early Lactation." Dairy 2, no. 1: 25-39.
L-carnitine plays an important role in energy metabolism through supporting the transport of activated fatty acids to the subcellular site of β-oxidation. An acute phase reaction (APR) is known as an energy consuming process. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are often used in animal models to study intervention measures during innate immune responses such as APR. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary l-carnitine supplementation during an LPS-induced APR in mid-lactating German Holstein cows. Animals were assigned to a control (CON, n = 26) or l-carnitine group (CAR, n = 27, 25 g rumen-protected l-carnitine/cow/d) and received an intravenous injection of LPS (0.5 μg/kg body weight) at day 111 post-partum. Blood samples were collected from day 1 pre-injection until day 14 post-injection (pi). From 0.5 h pi until 72 h pi blood samplings and clinical examinations were performed in short intervals. Clinical signs of the APR were not altered in group CAR except rumen motility which increased at a lower level compared to the CON group after a period of atonia. Group CAR maintained a higher insulin level compared to group CON even up to 72 h pi which might support glucose utilization following an APR.
Jennifer Meyer; Susanne Ursula Kononov; Sandra Grindler; Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter; Mohamad Taher Alaedin; Jana Frahm; Liane Hüther; Jeannette Kluess; Susanne Kersten; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Erika Most; Klaus Eder; Helga Sauerwein; Jana Seifert; Korinna Huber; Anja Wegerich; Jürgen Rehage; Sven Dänicke. Dietary l-carnitine Supplementation Modifies the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Phase Reaction in Dairy Cows. Animals 2021, 11, 136 .
AMA StyleJennifer Meyer, Susanne Ursula Kononov, Sandra Grindler, Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter, Mohamad Taher Alaedin, Jana Frahm, Liane Hüther, Jeannette Kluess, Susanne Kersten, Dirk Von Soosten, Ulrich Meyer, Erika Most, Klaus Eder, Helga Sauerwein, Jana Seifert, Korinna Huber, Anja Wegerich, Jürgen Rehage, Sven Dänicke. Dietary l-carnitine Supplementation Modifies the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Phase Reaction in Dairy Cows. Animals. 2021; 11 (1):136.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer Meyer; Susanne Ursula Kononov; Sandra Grindler; Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter; Mohamad Taher Alaedin; Jana Frahm; Liane Hüther; Jeannette Kluess; Susanne Kersten; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Erika Most; Klaus Eder; Helga Sauerwein; Jana Seifert; Korinna Huber; Anja Wegerich; Jürgen Rehage; Sven Dänicke. 2021. "Dietary l-carnitine Supplementation Modifies the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Phase Reaction in Dairy Cows." Animals 11, no. 1: 136.
Seaweeds contain a myriad of nutrients and bioactives including proteins, carbohydrates and to a lesser extent lipids as well as small molecules including peptides, saponins, alkaloids and pigments. The bioactive bromoform found in the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis has been identified as an agent that can reduce enteric CH4 production from livestock significantly. However, sustainable supply of this seaweed is a problem and there are some concerns over its sustainable production and potential negative environmental impacts on the ozone layer and the health impacts of bromoform. This review collates information on seaweeds and seaweed bioactives and the documented impact on CH4 emissions in vitro and in vivo as well as associated environmental, economic and health impacts.
D. Wade Abbott; Inga Marie Aasen; Karen A. Beauchemin; Fredrik Grondahl; Robert Gruninger; Maria Hayes; Sharon Huws; David A. Kenny; Sophie J. Krizsan; Stuart F. Kirwan; Vibeke Lind; Ulrich Meyer; Mohammad Ramin; Katerina Theodoridou; Dirk Von Soosten; Pamela J. Walsh; Sinéad Waters; Xiaohui Xing. Seaweed and Seaweed Bioactives for Mitigation of Enteric Methane: Challenges and Opportunities. Animals 2020, 10, 2432 .
AMA StyleD. Wade Abbott, Inga Marie Aasen, Karen A. Beauchemin, Fredrik Grondahl, Robert Gruninger, Maria Hayes, Sharon Huws, David A. Kenny, Sophie J. Krizsan, Stuart F. Kirwan, Vibeke Lind, Ulrich Meyer, Mohammad Ramin, Katerina Theodoridou, Dirk Von Soosten, Pamela J. Walsh, Sinéad Waters, Xiaohui Xing. Seaweed and Seaweed Bioactives for Mitigation of Enteric Methane: Challenges and Opportunities. Animals. 2020; 10 (12):2432.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Wade Abbott; Inga Marie Aasen; Karen A. Beauchemin; Fredrik Grondahl; Robert Gruninger; Maria Hayes; Sharon Huws; David A. Kenny; Sophie J. Krizsan; Stuart F. Kirwan; Vibeke Lind; Ulrich Meyer; Mohammad Ramin; Katerina Theodoridou; Dirk Von Soosten; Pamela J. Walsh; Sinéad Waters; Xiaohui Xing. 2020. "Seaweed and Seaweed Bioactives for Mitigation of Enteric Methane: Challenges and Opportunities." Animals 10, no. 12: 2432.
The purpose of this review is to identify the main influencing factors related to dairy cow health as it impacts the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions considering known data presented in the literature. For this study, we define the emission intensity as CO2 equivalents per kilogram of milk. In dairy cows, a high dry matter (DM) intake (25 kg/d) leads to an higher absolute methane emission compared to a lower DM intake (10 kg/d). However, the emission intensity is decreased at a high performance level. The emissions caused by DM intake to cover the energy requirement for maintenance are distributed over a higher milk yield. Therefore, the emission intensity per kilogram of product is decreased for high-yielding animals with a high DM intake. Apart from that, animal diseases as well as poor environmental or nutritional conditions are responsible for a decreased DM intake and a compromised performance. As a result, animal diseases not only mean reduced productivity, but also increased emission intensity. The productive life-span of a dairy cow is closely related to animal health, and the impact on emission intensity is enormous. A model calculation shows that cows with five to eight lactations could have a reduced emission intensity of up to 40% compared to animals that have left the herd after their first lactation. This supports the general efforts to increase longevity of dairy cows by an improved health management including all measures to prevent diseases.
Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Gerhard Flachowsky; Sven Dänicke. Dairy Cow Health and Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity. Dairy 2020, 1, 3 -29.
AMA StyleDirk Von Soosten, Ulrich Meyer, Gerhard Flachowsky, Sven Dänicke. Dairy Cow Health and Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity. Dairy. 2020; 1 (1):3-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Gerhard Flachowsky; Sven Dänicke. 2020. "Dairy Cow Health and Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity." Dairy 1, no. 1: 3-29.
Dairy cows develop metabolic diseases especially in the transition period due to high energy requirements for the process of calving, beginning milk production and, simultaneously, restricted feed intake capacity. L-carnitine is endogenously synthesised as an obligatory, quaternary amine for the initial step of ß-oxidation, but with the onset of lactation it is also excreted with milk, whereby its availability for other metabolic pathways might be limited. Supplemental L-carnitine might be able to fill in this apparent gap and to enhance the efficiency of ß-oxidation, whereby the magnitude of negative energy balance would be decreased. The present experiment mainly focused on the energy-consuming process of calving itself and on the energy metabolism during the first weeks of lactation. Dairy cows are metabolically challenged during the transition period. Furthermore, the process of parturition represents an energy-consuming process. The degree of negative energy balance and recovery from calving also depends on the efficiency of mitochondrial energy generation. At this point, L-carnitine plays an important role for the transfer of fatty acids to the site of their mitochondrial utilisation. A control (n = 30) and an L-carnitine group (n = 29, 25 g rumen-protected L-carnitine per cow and day) were created and blood samples were taken from day 42 ante partum (ap) until day 110 post-partum (pp) to clarify the impact of L-carnitine supplementation on dairy cows, especially during the transition period and early puerperium. Blood and clinical parameters were recorded in high resolution from 0.5 h to 72 h pp. L-carnitine-supplemented cows had higher amounts of milk fat in early lactation and higher triacylglyceride concentrations in plasma ap, indicating increased efficiency of fat oxidation. However, neither recovery from calving nor energy balance and lipomobilisation were influenced by L-carnitine.
Jennifer Meyer; Susanne Ursula Daniels; Sandra Grindler; Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter; Mohamadtaher Alaedin; Jana Frahm; Liane Hüther; Jeannette Kluess; Susanne Kersten; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Erika Most; Klaus Eder; Helga Sauerwein; Jana Seifert; Korinna Huber; Jürgen Rehage; Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Performance, Energy Metabolism and Recovery from Calving in Dairy Cows. Animals 2020, 10, 342 .
AMA StyleJennifer Meyer, Susanne Ursula Daniels, Sandra Grindler, Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter, Mohamadtaher Alaedin, Jana Frahm, Liane Hüther, Jeannette Kluess, Susanne Kersten, Dirk Von Soosten, Ulrich Meyer, Erika Most, Klaus Eder, Helga Sauerwein, Jana Seifert, Korinna Huber, Jürgen Rehage, Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Performance, Energy Metabolism and Recovery from Calving in Dairy Cows. Animals. 2020; 10 (2):342.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer Meyer; Susanne Ursula Daniels; Sandra Grindler; Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter; Mohamadtaher Alaedin; Jana Frahm; Liane Hüther; Jeannette Kluess; Susanne Kersten; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Erika Most; Klaus Eder; Helga Sauerwein; Jana Seifert; Korinna Huber; Jürgen Rehage; Sven Dänicke. 2020. "Effects of a Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Performance, Energy Metabolism and Recovery from Calving in Dairy Cows." Animals 10, no. 2: 342.
The aim of the study was to examine different pH parameters, such as variations throughout the day, depending on differing concentrate feed proportions. Moreover, special attention was payed to individual variation in microbial efficiencies (microbial crude protein/fermented organic matter) and their relation to ruminal pH, nutrient flows and digestibilities. For this, cows were grouped according to microbial efficiency (more, n = 5, vs. less efficient cows, n = 4). After calving, thirteen ruminally cannulated pluriparous cows, including nine duodenally cannulated animals, were divided into groups offered rations with a lower (35% on dry matter basis, n = 7) or a higher (60% on dry matter basis, n = 6) concentrate feed proportion. Ruminal pH parameters were assessed continuously by using intraruminal probes. Nutrient flows, nutrient digestibility and microbial efficiency were determined for duodenally cannulated cows. For most ruminal pH parameters it seemed that individual variability was higher than the treatment effect. However, a positive relationship between actual concentrate intake and diurnal pH fluctuations was found. Besides, the effect of individually different microbial efficiencies was assessed. Again, there were no group differences for pH parameters. However, nutrient flows were significantly higher in more efficient cows, whereas digestibilities were lower in in more efficient cows.
Katharina Bünemann; Maren Johannes; Rolf Schmitz; Julia Hartwiger; Dirk Von Soosten; Liane Hüther; Ulrich Meyer; Heiner Westendarp; Jürgen Hummel; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. Effects of Different Concentrate Feed Proportions on Ruminal Ph Parameters, Duodenal Nutrient Flows and Efficiency of Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows During Early Lactation. Animals 2020, 10, 267 .
AMA StyleKatharina Bünemann, Maren Johannes, Rolf Schmitz, Julia Hartwiger, Dirk Von Soosten, Liane Hüther, Ulrich Meyer, Heiner Westendarp, Jürgen Hummel, Annette Zeyner, Sven Dänicke. Effects of Different Concentrate Feed Proportions on Ruminal Ph Parameters, Duodenal Nutrient Flows and Efficiency of Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows During Early Lactation. Animals. 2020; 10 (2):267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatharina Bünemann; Maren Johannes; Rolf Schmitz; Julia Hartwiger; Dirk Von Soosten; Liane Hüther; Ulrich Meyer; Heiner Westendarp; Jürgen Hummel; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. 2020. "Effects of Different Concentrate Feed Proportions on Ruminal Ph Parameters, Duodenal Nutrient Flows and Efficiency of Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows During Early Lactation." Animals 10, no. 2: 267.
The aim of this study was to evaluate energy metabolism and lipid mobilization via ultrasonic measurements (USM), considering inner fat depots, in lactating dairy cows differing in body condition score (BCS) and fed rations with low (35% at dry matter basis; C35) or high (60% at dry matter basis; C60) concentrate feed proportions postpartum. Sixty pluriparous German Holstein cows were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design from d 42 antepartum (relative to calculated calving) until d 120 postpartum. Animals were divided into a group with a lower (initial BCS = 3.1 ± 0.38 SD; BCSL) and a group with a higher (initial BCS = 3.83 ± 0.41 SD; BCSH) BCS. Due to higher dry matter intake C60 groups reached the positive energy balance earlier, whereas C35 groups had a more pronounced negative energy balance. Although this would suggest a more pronounced mobilization of C35 groups the USM revealed no differences between feeding groups. Differences in BCS between both BCS groups remained almost the same over the trial. This was not reflected in ultrasonic data, as lipid mobilization was higher in higher conditioned cows. These findings demonstrate the extended possibilities of USM to depict metabolic processes.
Katharina Bünemann; Dirk Von Soosten; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Ulrich Meyer; Jürgen Hummel; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. Effects of Body Condition and Concentrate Proportion of the Ration on Mobilization of Fat Depots and Energetic Condition in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation Based on Ultrasonic Measurements. Animals 2019, 9, 131 .
AMA StyleKatharina Bünemann, Dirk Von Soosten, Jana Frahm, Susanne Kersten, Ulrich Meyer, Jürgen Hummel, Annette Zeyner, Sven Dänicke. Effects of Body Condition and Concentrate Proportion of the Ration on Mobilization of Fat Depots and Energetic Condition in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation Based on Ultrasonic Measurements. Animals. 2019; 9 (4):131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatharina Bünemann; Dirk Von Soosten; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Ulrich Meyer; Jürgen Hummel; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. 2019. "Effects of Body Condition and Concentrate Proportion of the Ration on Mobilization of Fat Depots and Energetic Condition in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation Based on Ultrasonic Measurements." Animals 9, no. 4: 131.
In temperate climate zones, cows are in spring traditionally transitioned from a silage and concentrate- ration to a pasture-based ration. This transition requires complex nutritional and metabolic adaptions for the cow, resulting in a lower feed intake with consequences on energy metabolism. Normally concentrate feed is supplied to support the cows after transition to pasture. Depending on weather influences and growing stage, grass contains high amounts of fast fermentable carbohydrates and low amounts of physical effective fiber. In a previous trial, pasture feeding combined with low amounts of concentrate supply did not prevent an energy shortage after transition to pasture but led to changes in ruminal fermentation patterns indicating a possible risk for rumen health. However, the impact of ration change has not been extensively researched so far when moderate concentrate feed was supplied moderately in order to prevent an energy deficiency. To investigate the influences different rumen variables were documented, using continuous pH measuring devices and weekly diurnal fermentation assessments in rumen fistulated animals. Influence on rumen epithelial morphology was measured by the collection of rumen papillae biopsies and subsequent surface area, as well as histopathological analyses. With the help of this data, a greater understanding of the adaption period of the animals during transition from confinement to pasture is made possible. In spring, transition from a total mixed ration (TMR) to pasture requires rumen adaptions for the cow. It had been shown that transition period does not necessarily mean an increased risk for subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). After adaption to pasture, however, supplying low amounts of concentrate did indicate increased risk, but caused no adverse effects on rumen morphology and absorption capacity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of transition, and how a supply of 4.5 kg dry matter concentrate·cow−1·day−1 during fulltime grazing influenced different rumen parameters. During a 12-week trial eleven rumen-cannulated dairy cows were observed during transition from confinement to pasture (PG; n = 6) and compared to cows fed TMR indoors (CG; n = 5). The CG stayed on a TMR based ration (35% corn silage, 35% grass silage, 30% concentrate; dry matter basis), whereas the PG slowly switched to a pasture-based ration (week 0 and 1 = TMR, week 2 = TMR and 3 h pasture·day−1, week 3 and 4 = TMR and 12 h pasture·day−1, and week 5 to 11 = pasture combined with 4.5 kg DM concentrate·cow−1·day−1). Papillae surface area decreased during transition and increased again during fulltime grazing, while the fractional absorption rate of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was not influenced. This suggests only a limited effect of papillae surface area on VFA absorption rate. Feeding changes resulted in different fermentation profiles of VFA. Changing ratio of starch to sugar during transition to...
Julia Hartwiger; Melanie Schären; Sarah Potthoff; Liane Hüther; Susanne Kersten; Dirk Von Soosten; Andreas Beineke; Ulrich Meyer; Gerhard Breves; Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined With a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on Rumen Fermentation of Dairy Cows. Animals 2018, 8, 205 .
AMA StyleJulia Hartwiger, Melanie Schären, Sarah Potthoff, Liane Hüther, Susanne Kersten, Dirk Von Soosten, Andreas Beineke, Ulrich Meyer, Gerhard Breves, Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined With a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on Rumen Fermentation of Dairy Cows. Animals. 2018; 8 (11):205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Hartwiger; Melanie Schären; Sarah Potthoff; Liane Hüther; Susanne Kersten; Dirk Von Soosten; Andreas Beineke; Ulrich Meyer; Gerhard Breves; Sven Dänicke. 2018. "Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined With a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on Rumen Fermentation of Dairy Cows." Animals 8, no. 11: 205.
In spring, the transition from a total mixed ration (TMR) to pasture requires metabolic adaptions for the cow. It had been shown that supply of low amounts of concentrate after transition to full-time grazing caused energy deficits, resulting in a lower milking performance and changes in a variety of variables indicative for energy metabolism. The present study aimed to investigate how a moderate concentrate supply (4.5 kg dry matter cow/day) after transition to pasture influences health and production indicators. Over a 12-week trial period dairy cows were observed during transition from confinement to pasture (pasture group: PG) and compared to cows fed TMR indoors (confinement group: CG). On average, the PG consumed less feed and energy than the CG and mobilized body reserves, which is mirrored in a decrease of body condition and various fat depots. These effects were paralleled by elevated serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and ketone bodies as well as an increase in liver fat content. The physical activity (elevated walking, eating, decreasing rumination time) of the PG was significantly higher than that of the CG, which intensified the energy deficiency and resulted in a lower milk yield. In conclusion, the moderate concentrate supply was insufficient to counterbalance the lower energy intake from pasture during transition.
Julia Hartwiger; Melanie Schären; Ursula Gerhards; Liane Hüther; Jana Frahm; Dirk Von Soosten; Jeanette Klüß; Martin Bachmann; Annette Zeyner; Ulrich Meyer; Johannes Isselstein; Gerhard Breves; Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on the Health and Performance of Dairy Cows. Animals 2018, 8, 169 .
AMA StyleJulia Hartwiger, Melanie Schären, Ursula Gerhards, Liane Hüther, Jana Frahm, Dirk Von Soosten, Jeanette Klüß, Martin Bachmann, Annette Zeyner, Ulrich Meyer, Johannes Isselstein, Gerhard Breves, Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on the Health and Performance of Dairy Cows. Animals. 2018; 8 (10):169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Hartwiger; Melanie Schären; Ursula Gerhards; Liane Hüther; Jana Frahm; Dirk Von Soosten; Jeanette Klüß; Martin Bachmann; Annette Zeyner; Ulrich Meyer; Johannes Isselstein; Gerhard Breves; Sven Dänicke. 2018. "Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on the Health and Performance of Dairy Cows." Animals 8, no. 10: 169.
The aim of this study was to assess differences of ruminal pH and rumination activity between the prepartal and postpartal period of cows and to investigate changes of feeding behaviour and ruminal fermentation depending on postpartal rations with slight differences in roughage energy and fibre concentration. Therefore, 11 rumen-cannulated German Holstein cows were used from 3 weeks antepartum until 16 weeks postpartum. During the dry period, all cows received the same diet. After calving cows were assigned to two groups receiving partial mixed rations with different energy concentrations (6.1 MJ NEL/kg DM [moderate], with 18% straw on dry matter [DM] basis, group MR) or 6.5 MJ NEL/kg DM [high], with 6% straw on DM basis, group HR). In both groups, concentrates were supplied on average at 45% of total DM intake. Circadian measurements of ruminal pH, ruminal temperature and rumination activity were conducted weekly during the transition period and bi-weekly after week 4 postpartum. Throughout the postpartal period, feed intake behaviour was measured, and twice during the experiment, rumen fluid composition and net-acid-base excretion in urine were determined. Mean ruminal pH, feeding behaviour, rumination activity and rumen fluid composition did not differ between the groups, whereas group HR exhibited higher diurnal variations of pH and had a lower rumen temperature than group MR postpartum. However, these differences also occurred during the prepartal period when groups received equal rations. It was observed that ruminal pH values and the risk for subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) were increased during postpartal period, whereby the circadian pH values showed high cow-individual variations. Overall, differences of energy and fibre concentrations in roughage did not affect the observed variables, whereby it should be noted that the number of cows was quite low in this study. Our results suggest that the ruminal pH characteristics are rather cow individual, indicating that cows presumably differ in their susceptibility to develop SARA.
Rolf Schmitz; Karina Schnabel; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Liane Hüther; Hubert Spiekers; Jürgen Rehage; Sven Dänicke. Changes of ruminal pH, rumination activity and feeding behaviour during early lactation as affected by different energy and fibre concentrations of roughage in pluriparous dairy cows. Archives of Animal Nutrition 2018, 72, 1 -20.
AMA StyleRolf Schmitz, Karina Schnabel, Dirk Von Soosten, Ulrich Meyer, Liane Hüther, Hubert Spiekers, Jürgen Rehage, Sven Dänicke. Changes of ruminal pH, rumination activity and feeding behaviour during early lactation as affected by different energy and fibre concentrations of roughage in pluriparous dairy cows. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 2018; 72 (6):1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRolf Schmitz; Karina Schnabel; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Liane Hüther; Hubert Spiekers; Jürgen Rehage; Sven Dänicke. 2018. "Changes of ruminal pH, rumination activity and feeding behaviour during early lactation as affected by different energy and fibre concentrations of roughage in pluriparous dairy cows." Archives of Animal Nutrition 72, no. 6: 1-20.
Vitamin E (Vit. E) is discussed to influence ruminal biohydrogenation. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of a Vit. E supplementation on rumen fermentation characteristics, ruminal microbial protein synthesis as well as ruminal organic matter fermentation. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the influence of Vit. E supplementation on short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) and protozoa concentrations in the rumen and, in addition, on transfer rates of middle‐chain and long‐chain fatty acids into the duodenum in lactating dairy cows. Eight rumen and duodenum fistulated German Holstein cows were assigned to either a group receiving 2,327 IU/d Vit. E (138.6 IU/kg DM DL‐α‐tocopherylacetate; n = 4) or a control group (23.1 IU/kg DM; n = 4). Neither ruminal protein synthesis nor organic matter fermentation was influenced by treatment. Vit. E did not act on the concentrations of short‐chain fatty acids and protozoa in rumen fluid. Duodenal flow of C13:0 (1.3 versus 0.2 g/d, p = 0.014) and iso‐C14:0 (1.0 versus 0.5 g/d, p = 0.050) was higher in the Vit. E group. We observed a trend for higher duodenal flows for C12:0 (1.6 versus 0.9 g/d, p = 0.095) and anteiso‐C15:0 (12.2 versus 8.9 g/d, p = 0.084). Transfer rate of C12:0 tended to be higher in the Vit. E group (125.61 versus 73.96, p = 0.082). No other transfer rates were affected by treatment. Further studies are necessary to investigate the influence of Vit. E on rumen microbiota and their fatty acid production as well as on the impact of different doses of Vit. E supplementation on variables of protein synthesis efficiency.
Stephanie Schäfers; Ulrich Meyer; Dirk Von Soosten; Britta Krey; Liane Hüther; Arnulf Tröscher; Wolf Pelletier; Hermine Kienberger; Michael Rychlik; Sven Dänicke. Influence of vitamin E on organic matter fermentation, ruminal protein and fatty acid metabolism, protozoa concentrations and transfer of fatty acids. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2018, 102, 1111 -1119.
AMA StyleStephanie Schäfers, Ulrich Meyer, Dirk Von Soosten, Britta Krey, Liane Hüther, Arnulf Tröscher, Wolf Pelletier, Hermine Kienberger, Michael Rychlik, Sven Dänicke. Influence of vitamin E on organic matter fermentation, ruminal protein and fatty acid metabolism, protozoa concentrations and transfer of fatty acids. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2018; 102 (5):1111-1119.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephanie Schäfers; Ulrich Meyer; Dirk Von Soosten; Britta Krey; Liane Hüther; Arnulf Tröscher; Wolf Pelletier; Hermine Kienberger; Michael Rychlik; Sven Dänicke. 2018. "Influence of vitamin E on organic matter fermentation, ruminal protein and fatty acid metabolism, protozoa concentrations and transfer of fatty acids." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 102, no. 5: 1111-1119.
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of glyphosate (GL) residues in feedstuffs on performance, energy balance and health-related characteristics of lactating dairy cows fed diets with different concentrate feed proportions. After an adaption period, 64 German Holstein cows (207 ± 49 d in milk; mean ± SD) were assigned to either groups receiving a GL contaminated total mixed ration (TMR) (GL groups) or an uncontaminated TMR (CON groups) during a 16 weeks trial. Contaminated feedstuffs used were legally GL-treated peas and wheat (straw and grain). GL and CON groups were subdivided into a "low concentrate" group (LC) fed on dry matter (DM) basis of 21% maize silage, 42% grass silage, 7% straw and 30% concentrate and a "high concentrate" group (HC) composed of 11% maize silage, 22% grass silage, 7% straw and 60% concentrate for ad libitum consumption. Body condition score, body weight, DM intake and milk performance parameters were recorded. In blood serum, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glucose were measured and energy balance was calculated. Milk was analysed for GL residues. At week 0, 7 and 15, general health status was evaluated by a modified clinical score. The average individual GL intake amounted for Groups CONLC, CONHC, GLLC and GLHC to 0.8, 0.8, 73.8 and 84.5 mg/d, respectively. No GL residues were detected in milk. GL contamination did not affect body condition score, body weight, DM intake, nutrient digestibility, net energy intake, net energy balance or BHB, glucose, NEFA and milk performance parameters; whereas concentrate feed proportion and time did affect most parameters. The clinical examination showed no adverse effect of GL-contaminated feedstuffs on cows' health condition. In the present study, GL-contaminated feedstuffs showed no influence on performance and energy balance of lactating dairy cows, irrespective of feed concentrate proportion.
Karina Schnabel; Rolf Schmitz; Dirk Von Soosten; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Ulrich Meyer; Gerhard Breves; Rudolf Hackenberg; Madeleine Spitzke; Sven Dänicke. Effects of glyphosate residues and different concentrate feed proportions on performance, energy metabolism and health characteristics in lactating dairy cows. Archives of Animal Nutrition 2017, 71, 413 -427.
AMA StyleKarina Schnabel, Rolf Schmitz, Dirk Von Soosten, Jana Frahm, Susanne Kersten, Ulrich Meyer, Gerhard Breves, Rudolf Hackenberg, Madeleine Spitzke, Sven Dänicke. Effects of glyphosate residues and different concentrate feed proportions on performance, energy metabolism and health characteristics in lactating dairy cows. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 2017; 71 (6):413-427.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarina Schnabel; Rolf Schmitz; Dirk Von Soosten; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Ulrich Meyer; Gerhard Breves; Rudolf Hackenberg; Madeleine Spitzke; Sven Dänicke. 2017. "Effects of glyphosate residues and different concentrate feed proportions on performance, energy metabolism and health characteristics in lactating dairy cows." Archives of Animal Nutrition 71, no. 6: 413-427.
The objective of this trial was to investigate the influences of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vitamin E (Vit. E) and their interactions on fatty acid composition and vitamins in milk (α-tocopherol, retinol and β-carotene) as well as on α-tocopherol in blood of pluriparous cows from week 6 ante partum until week 10 post-partum (p.p.). We assigned 59 pluriparous German Holstein cows to four treatment groups with the treatment factors CLA and Vit. E at two levels in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Milk fatty acid composition and milk vitamins were analysed on lactation days 7 and 28. α-tocopherol in blood serum was analysed on days −42, −7, 1, 7, 14, 28 and 70 relative to parturition. Milk concentration of α-tocopherol was influenced by Vit. E (p < .001) and CLA (p = .034). Percentage of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in total milk fat was influenced by treatment with CLA (p < .001), while for percentage of trans-10, cis-12 CLA an interaction between treatment and day (p = .019), driven by an increase in both CLA groups from day 7 to day 28, was found. Serum ratios of α-tocopherol to cholesterol were influenced by Vit. E (p < .001). Results suggest that treatment with CLA during late pregnancy and early lactation is suitable to enhance the proportion of trans-10, cis-12 CLA in milk and thereby influencing nutritional properties. As treatment with Vit. E did not have an impact on milk fatty acid composition, it might be possible to increase the antioxidative capacity of the dairy cow without affecting milk properties. Consequently, combined treatment with CLA and Vit. E might elicit synergistic effects on the cow and milk quality by increasing the proportion of CLA in milk fat as well as the excretion of Vit. E and the Vit. E levels in serum.
S. Schäfers; U. Meyer; D. Von Soosten; L. Hüther; C. Drong; K. Eder; E. Most; A. Tröscher; W. Pelletier; A. Zeyner; S. Dänicke. Influence of conjugated linoleic acids and vitamin E on milk fatty acid composition and concentrations of vitamin A and α-tocopherol in blood and milk of dairy cows. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2017, 102, e431 -e441.
AMA StyleS. Schäfers, U. Meyer, D. Von Soosten, L. Hüther, C. Drong, K. Eder, E. Most, A. Tröscher, W. Pelletier, A. Zeyner, S. Dänicke. Influence of conjugated linoleic acids and vitamin E on milk fatty acid composition and concentrations of vitamin A and α-tocopherol in blood and milk of dairy cows. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2017; 102 (1):e431-e441.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Schäfers; U. Meyer; D. Von Soosten; L. Hüther; C. Drong; K. Eder; E. Most; A. Tröscher; W. Pelletier; A. Zeyner; S. Dänicke. 2017. "Influence of conjugated linoleic acids and vitamin E on milk fatty acid composition and concentrations of vitamin A and α-tocopherol in blood and milk of dairy cows." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 102, no. 1: e431-e441.
Evidence exists that dairy cows experience inflammatory-like phenomena in the transition period. Rumen health and alterations in metabolic processes and gene networks in the liver as the central metabolic organ might be key factors for cows' health and productivity in early lactation. This study made use of an animal model to generate experimental groups with different manifestations of postpartal fat mobilization and ketogenesis. In total, 60 German Holstein cows were allocated 6 wk antepartum to 3 high-body condition score (BCS) groups (BCS 3.95) and 1 low-BCS group (LC; BCS 2.77). High-BCS cows were fed an antepartal forage-to-concentrate ratio of 40:60 on dry matter basis, in contrast to 80:20 in the LC group, and received a monensin controlled-release capsule (HC/MO), a blend of essential oils (HC/EO), or formed a control group (HC). We evaluated serum haptoglobin, kynurenine, tryptophan, ruminal lipopolysaccharide concentration and mRNA abundance of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and endoplasmatic reticulum stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) target genes in liver biopsy samples from d -42 until +56 relative to calving. Nearly all parameters were highly dependent on time, with greatest variation near calving. The ruminal lipopolysaccharide concentration and evaluated target genes were not generally influenced by antepartal BCS and feeding management. The kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio was higher in LC than in HC/MO treatment on d 7. Ruminal lipopolysaccharide concentration was higher in HC/MO than in the HC group, but not increased in HC/EO group. Abundance of UPR target gene X-box binding protein 1 was higher in HC/MO than in HC/EO group on d 7. Hepatic mRNA abundance of Nrf2 target gene glutathione peroxidase 3 was higher, whereas expression of NF-κB target gene haptoglobin tended to be higher in LC than in HC/EO cows. The HC/MO cows showed the most prominent increase in the abundance of glutathione peroxidase 3 and haptoglobin after calving in comparison to antepartal values. Results indicate the presence of inflammatory-like phenomena near calving. Simultaneously, alterations in UPR and Nrf2 target genes with antioxidative properties and haptoglobin occurred, being most prominent in LC and HC/MO group.
C. Drong; S. Bühler; J. Frahm; L. Hüther; U. Meyer; D. Von Soosten; D.K. Gessner; K. Eder; H. Sauerwein; S. Dänicke. Effects of body condition, monensin, and essential oils on ruminal lipopolysaccharide concentration, inflammatory markers, and endoplasmatic reticulum stress of transition dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2017, 100, 2751 -2764.
AMA StyleC. Drong, S. Bühler, J. Frahm, L. Hüther, U. Meyer, D. Von Soosten, D.K. Gessner, K. Eder, H. Sauerwein, S. Dänicke. Effects of body condition, monensin, and essential oils on ruminal lipopolysaccharide concentration, inflammatory markers, and endoplasmatic reticulum stress of transition dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 2017; 100 (4):2751-2764.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Drong; S. Bühler; J. Frahm; L. Hüther; U. Meyer; D. Von Soosten; D.K. Gessner; K. Eder; H. Sauerwein; S. Dänicke. 2017. "Effects of body condition, monensin, and essential oils on ruminal lipopolysaccharide concentration, inflammatory markers, and endoplasmatic reticulum stress of transition dairy cows." Journal of Dairy Science 100, no. 4: 2751-2764.
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vitamin E as well as their interaction on performance variables and lipomobilization during late pregnancy and early lactation (wk 6 antepartum until wk 10 postpartum). For this purpose, 59 pluriparous German Holstein cows were assigned to 4 dietary groups in a 2 × 2 design with the factors CLA and vitamin E at 2 levels. For this trial, we selected cows with a high body condition score because they are more likely to mobilize fat and consequently are at a higher risk of developing ketosis. Furthermore, concentrate proportions were adjusted to provoke ketosis. Lactation performance variables were analyzed in 3 periods (d 42 antepartum until calving, 1 to 21 d in milk, 22 to 70 d in milk). Dry matter intake and net energy intake were reduced in animals receiving CLA. Milk fat content was reduced in the CLA group compared with the control group (4.83 vs. 5.46% in period 2; 3.36 vs. 4.57% in period 3). In the vitamin E and the CLA + vitamin E groups, reduction of milk fat content was observed in period 3 (3.76 vs. 4.57% compared with the control group). Milk yield was not affected by treatment. β-Hydroxybutyrate concentrations and liver lipid contents were not influenced by CLA or vitamin E. Moreover, longitudinal changes of adipose tissue depot mass were not affected by dietary treatments. Results suggest that the effects CLA had on milk composition were compensated by an increased milk yield and a decreased dry matter intake. Reduced milk energy output in CLA-treated animals was compensated by a reduced dry matter intake. Therefore, the net energy balance was not affected by either treatment. Consequently, we found no group effect on the mobilization of adipose tissue.
S. Schäfers; D. Von Soosten; U. Meyer; C. Drong; J. Frahm; J. Kluess; C. Raschka; J. Rehage; A. Tröscher; W. Pelletier; S. Dänicke. Influence of conjugated linoleic acid and vitamin E on performance, energy metabolism, and change of fat depot mass in transitional dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2017, 100, 3193 -3208.
AMA StyleS. Schäfers, D. Von Soosten, U. Meyer, C. Drong, J. Frahm, J. Kluess, C. Raschka, J. Rehage, A. Tröscher, W. Pelletier, S. Dänicke. Influence of conjugated linoleic acid and vitamin E on performance, energy metabolism, and change of fat depot mass in transitional dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 2017; 100 (4):3193-3208.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Schäfers; D. Von Soosten; U. Meyer; C. Drong; J. Frahm; J. Kluess; C. Raschka; J. Rehage; A. Tröscher; W. Pelletier; S. Dänicke. 2017. "Influence of conjugated linoleic acid and vitamin E on performance, energy metabolism, and change of fat depot mass in transitional dairy cows." Journal of Dairy Science 100, no. 4: 3193-3208.
The temperature–humidity index (THI) is widely used to characterize heat stress in dairy cattle. Diet composition is known to induce variation in metabolic‐associated heat production. However, the relationships between THI and diet are poorly characterized with regard to performance and intake behaviour. Therefore, the objectives were to evaluate the impact of THI on water intake (WI), dry matter intake (DMI) and the frequency of drinking and feeding bouts in lactating dairy cows offered four dietary treatments: each contained 20% grass silage and additionally (i) 20% maize silage, 60% concentrate (M‐HC); (ii) 60% maize silage, 20% concentrate (M‐LC); (iii) 20% pressed beet pulp silage, 60% concentrate (BPS‐HC); or (iv) 60% pressed beet pulp silage, 20% concentrate (BPS‐LC) (DM basis). Individual WI and DMI were recorded from April to July 2013. Furthermore, dietary effects on milk production and reticular pH were estimated. Milk yield was lowest for M‐LC, while energy‐corrected milk was similar for all diets. Milk fat percentage was higher and milk protein amount lower for cows offered both LC diets. Reticular pH below 6.3, 6.0 and 5.8 lasted longest for BPS‐LC. WI was higher for HC diets. However, the frequency of drinking bouts was not influenced by the ration. Lower DMI occurred for BPS‐LC compared to M‐LC. Frequency of feeding bouts was significantly higher for LC diets. THI was significantly related to WI, DMI as well as drinking and feeding bouts. Per increasing THI, WI increased slightly more for LC diets and DMI decreased more for HC diets. Frequency of drinking bouts increased slightly higher for BPS rations per rising THI, while the decrease in feeding bouts was highest for M‐HC. In conclusion, TMR composition and moderate heat stress impacted WI and DMI of dairy cows, while both dietary energy density and ruminal filling might intensify the THI impact.
S. Ammer; C. Lambertz; D. Von Soosten; K. Zimmer; U. Meyer; S. Dänicke; M. Gauly. Impact of diet composition and temperature-humidity index on water and dry matter intake of high-yielding dairy cows. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2017, 102, 103 -113.
AMA StyleS. Ammer, C. Lambertz, D. Von Soosten, K. Zimmer, U. Meyer, S. Dänicke, M. Gauly. Impact of diet composition and temperature-humidity index on water and dry matter intake of high-yielding dairy cows. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2017; 102 (1):103-113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Ammer; C. Lambertz; D. Von Soosten; K. Zimmer; U. Meyer; S. Dänicke; M. Gauly. 2017. "Impact of diet composition and temperature-humidity index on water and dry matter intake of high-yielding dairy cows." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 102, no. 1: 103-113.
Using a model to generate experimental groups with different manifestations of post‐partum (p.p.) fat mobilization and ketogenesis, the effects of a dietary and a medical intervention on biochemical and haematological parameters, antibody titre, leucocytes subsets and function of transition cows were examined. In total, 60 German Holstein cows were allocated 6 weeks antepartum (a.p.) to 3 high‐body condition score (BCS) groups (BCS 3.95) and 1 low‐BCS group (LC, BCS 2.77). High‐BCS cows received a monensin controlled‐release capsule (HC/MO) or a blend of essential oils (HC/EO) or formed a control group (HC). Parameters were evaluated in 3 periods (day (d) −42 until calving, 1 until 14 days in milk (DIM), 15 until 56 DIM). Over the course of trial, various parameters were influenced by period with greatest variability next to calving. White blood cell count was higher in the HC (8.42 × 103/μl) and HC/EO (8.38 × 103/μl) groups than in the HC/MO group (6.81 × 103/μl) considering the whole trial. Supplementation of monensin decreased aspartate aminotransferase in comparison with the HC group similar to LC treatment. Bilirubin concentration was nearly doubled in all high‐BCS cows in period 2. In period 3, essential oils increased γ‐glutamyltransferase (80.4 Units/l) in comparison with all other groups and glutamine dehydrogenase (61 Units/l) in comparison with the LC (19 Units/l) and the HC/MO group (18 Units/l). Results suggest that parameters were generally characterized by a high variability around calving. Based on biochemical characteristics, it appeared that the HC cows seemed to have compromised hepatocyte integrity when compared to the LC cows. From the immune parameters investigated, the BVDV antibody response was more pronounced in HC/MO compared to HC/EO.
C. Drong; U. Meyer; D. Von Soosten; J. Frahm; J. Rehage; H. Schirrmeier; M. Beer; S. Dänicke. Effects of monensin and essential oils on immunological, haematological and biochemical parameters of cows during the transition period. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2016, 101, 791 -806.
AMA StyleC. Drong, U. Meyer, D. Von Soosten, J. Frahm, J. Rehage, H. Schirrmeier, M. Beer, S. Dänicke. Effects of monensin and essential oils on immunological, haematological and biochemical parameters of cows during the transition period. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2016; 101 (4):791-806.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Drong; U. Meyer; D. Von Soosten; J. Frahm; J. Rehage; H. Schirrmeier; M. Beer; S. Dänicke. 2016. "Effects of monensin and essential oils on immunological, haematological and biochemical parameters of cows during the transition period." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 101, no. 4: 791-806.
This work examined preventive effects of a dietary and a medical intervention measure on postpartum (p.p.) ketogenesis in dairy cows overconditioned in late pregnancy. Sixty German Holstein cows were allocated 6 weeks antepartum (a.p.) to three high body condition score (BCS) groups (BCS 3.95 ± 0.08) and one low BCS group (LC, BCS 2.77 ± 0.14). Concentrate proportion in diet a.p. was higher (60% vs. 20%) and increase in proportion p.p. from 30% up to 50% decelerated (3 vs. 2 weeks) in high BCS groups. High BCS cows received a monensin controlled-release capsule (CRC) (HC/MO), a blend of essential oils (HC/EO) or formed a control group (HC). Performance parameters and energy status were evaluated in three periods [day (d) -42 until calving, one until 14 days in milk (DIM), 15 until 56 DIM]. Feed efficiency was 65% and 53% higher in HC/MO than in LC (p < 0.001) and HC groups (p = 0.002) in the second period. Milk fat content was higher in HC/EO (5.60 vs. 4.82%; p = 0.012) and milk urea higher in HC/MO (135 mg/kg) than in LC cows (107 mg/kg; p < 0.001). Increased p.p. levels of non-esterified fatty acids in serum were found in HC (p = 0.003), HC/MO (p = 0.068) and HC/EO (p = 0.002) in comparison with LC cows. Prevalence of subclinical and clinical ketosis was 54% and 46%, respectively, in HC group. Monensin decreased the prevalence to 50% and 7% respectively. Ruminal fermentation pattern showed higher proportions of propionate (23.43 mol % and 17.75 mol %, respectively; p < 0.008) and lower acetate:propionate ratio (2.66 vs. 3.76; p < 0.001) in HC/MO than HC group. Results suggest that a monensin CRC improved energy status and feed efficiency of transition dairy cows while essential oils failed to elicit any effect.
C. Drong; U. Meyer; D. Von Soosten; J. Frahm; J. Rehage; G. Breves; S. Dänicke. Effect of monensin and essential oils on performance and energy metabolism of transition dairy cows. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2015, 100, 537 -551.
AMA StyleC. Drong, U. Meyer, D. Von Soosten, J. Frahm, J. Rehage, G. Breves, S. Dänicke. Effect of monensin and essential oils on performance and energy metabolism of transition dairy cows. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2015; 100 (3):537-551.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Drong; U. Meyer; D. Von Soosten; J. Frahm; J. Rehage; G. Breves; S. Dänicke. 2015. "Effect of monensin and essential oils on performance and energy metabolism of transition dairy cows." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 100, no. 3: 537-551.