Bacteria from the Propionibacterium genus consists of two principal groups: cutaneous and classical. Cutaneous Propionibacterium are considered primary pathogens to humans, whereas classical Propionibacterium are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Bacteria from the Propionibacterium genus are capable of synthesizing numerous valuable compounds with a wide industrial usage. Biomass of the bacteria from the Propionibacterium genus constitutes sources of vitamins from the B group, including B12, trehalose, and numerous bacteriocins. These bacteria are also capable of synthesizing organic acids such as propionic acid and acetic acid. Because of GRAS status and their health-promoting characteristics, bacteria from the Propionibacterium genus and their metabolites (propionic acid, vitamin B12, and trehalose) are commonly used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food, and other industries. They are also used as additives in fodders for livestock. In this review, we present the major species of Propionibacterium and their properties and provide an overview of their functions and applications. This review also presents current literature concerned with the possibilities of using Propionibacterium spp. to obtain valuable metabolites. It also presents the biosynthetic pathways as well as the impact of the genetic and environmental factors on the efficiency of their production.

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of Origanum vulgare L. (oregano) preparations on the storage stability of vacuum-packed low-pressure mechanically separated meat (BAADER meat) from chickens stored at − 18 °C for 9 months. Oregano was added into the meat as a dried spice, extracts in water and ethanol (40 and 70% (v/v)), and an essential oil. The control samples did not contain oregano. The samples were examined immediately after arrival into the laboratory and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9 months of storage. Oregano essential oil was most effective in slowing down lipid oxidation and inhibiting the growth of bacteria in BAADER meat. The number of coliform bacteria in the BAADER meat samples with the 0.1% essential oil was significantly lower than that in the control samples. The storage time was seen to have a more significant effect on the quality of BAADER meat.

BackgroundIn 2014, apple production in EU countries amounted to 11.8 million tonnes. A constant increase in the production of these fruits will lead to the accumulation of thousands of tonnes of apple pomace (production waste). The amount of industrial apples is the highest — their proportion on the market is estimated at 50–60%, of which over 95% is processed into juice. The proportion of pomace in the traditional pressing method accounts for 20% of fruits used.ResultsAnalysis of the growth dynamics of wild strain Propionibacterium freudenreichii T82 in micro-cultures using different carbon sources showed that the highest bacterial growth occurs in an environment with fructose and the most intense biosynthesis of metabolites was found in medium containing only saccharose. It has been found that P. freudenreichii T82 used apple pomaces as a source of carbon. Propionic acid biosynthesis reached its maximum value in the 120th hour of cultivation (1.771g/L). At this time, the content of the acetic acid produced reached the level of 7.049g/L.ConclusionsUtilization of by-products is a significant challenge for manufacturing sites and the natural environment. The solution to this problem may involve the use of pomace as a medium component for microorganism cultivation, which is a source of industrially useful metabolites. This study examined the possibility of using apple pomace as a carbon source in the process of propionic-acetic fermentation via wild strain Propionibacterium freudenreichii T82 bacteria

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Salvia officinalis L. (sage) preparations on the storage stability of vacuum-packed low-pressure

Sequential optimization of propionate production using apple pomace was studied. All experiments were performed in a static flask in anaerobic conditions. Effect of apple pomace as nitrogen source against conventional N sources (yeast extract, peptone) was studied. The double increase was observed in propionic acid production while using yeast extract and peptone (0.29 ± 0.01 g/g), as against the use of only apple pomace extract (APE) (0.14 ± 0.01 g/g). Intensification of propionic acid fermentation was also achieved by increasing the pH control frequency of the culture medium from 24-(0.29 ± 0.01 g/g) to 12-hour intervals (30 °C) (0.30 ± 0.02 g/g) and by increasing the temperature of the culture from 30 to 37 °C (12-hour intervals of pH control) (0.32 ± 0.01 g/g). An important factor in improving the parameters of fermentation was the addition of biotin to the medium. The 0.2 mg/L dose of biotin allowed to attain 7.66 g/L propionate with a yield of 0.38 ± 0.03 g/g (12-hour intervals of pH control, 37 °C).

The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for biosynthesis of propionic acid and vitamin B12 by Propionibacterium freudenreichii T82 in a medium containing various sources of carbon (glucose, fructose, and saccharose). These sugars are present in apple pomaces, which are the waste from the production of apple juice. Using statistical analysis design of experiments (DoE), the results allowed us to determine which sugars (carbon sources) exert the most beneficial influence on the biosynthesis of propionic acid and cobalamin. The highest production of propionic acid by the tested bacterial strain was obtained in a medium in which glucose accounted for at least 50% of the available carbon sources. Depending on the culture medium, the concentration of this metabolite ranged from 23 to 40 g/L. P. freudenreichii T82 produced the smallest amount of acid in medium in which the dominant nutrient source was saccharose. The results obtained indicated an inverse relationship between the amount of acid produced by the bacteria and vitamin B12 biosynthesis. Because of the high efficiency of propionic acid biosynthesis by P. freudenreichii T82, the prospect of using this strain to obtain propionate with the simultaneous disposal of waste materials (such as apple pomaces) which contain glucose and/or fructose is very promising.