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Congestion has become a common urban disease in countries worldwide, with the acceleration of urbanization. The connotation of the congestion situation is expanded to describe, in detail, the traffic operation status and change characteristics of the main road in cold-climate cities and to provide more comprehensive identification methods and theoretical basis for cold-climate cities. It includes two aspects: the state and trend. A method to distinguish the traffic congestion state level and trend type of the main road in cold-climate cities is proposed on the basis of density clustering, hierarchical clustering, and fuzzy C-means clustering, and the temporal and spatial congestion characteristics of the main roads of cold-climate cities are explored. Research results show that we can divide the traffic congestion state into three levels: unblocked, slow, and congested. We can also divide the congestion trend into three types: aggravation, relief, and stability. This method is suitable for the identification of the main road’s congestion situation in cold-climate cities and can satisfy the spatiotemporal self-correlation and difference test. The temporal and spatial distribution rules of congestion are different under different road conditions, the volatility of the congestion degree and change speed on snowy and icy pavements, and the instability of congestion spatial aggregation are more serious than that on non-snowy and non-icy pavements. The research results are more comprehensive and objective than the existing methods.
Yulong Pei; Xiaoxi Cai; Jie Li; Keke Song; Rui Liu. Method for Identifying the Traffic Congestion Situation of the Main Road in Cold-Climate Cities Based on the Clustering Analysis Algorithm. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9741 .
AMA StyleYulong Pei, Xiaoxi Cai, Jie Li, Keke Song, Rui Liu. Method for Identifying the Traffic Congestion Situation of the Main Road in Cold-Climate Cities Based on the Clustering Analysis Algorithm. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9741.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYulong Pei; Xiaoxi Cai; Jie Li; Keke Song; Rui Liu. 2021. "Method for Identifying the Traffic Congestion Situation of the Main Road in Cold-Climate Cities Based on the Clustering Analysis Algorithm." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9741.
To explore the relationship between fuel consumption and speed for a vehicle on a superhighway with a design speed exceeding 120 km/h, the fuel consumption data provided by the Test of Easy Car platform are used to fit the fuel consumption of different models. The fitting results show that the fitting degree of fuel consumption by a cubic curve is the highest, and the correlation coefficient is above 0.95. A fuel consumption cubic curve model of different vehicle types is established by using the fitting parameters to predict the fuel consumption when a vehicle is running at a speed of 130 km/h–180 km/h. The prediction results show that the average fuel consumption of compact vehicles is the lowest when a vehicle is running on a superhighway at speeds of 130 km/h–180 km/h, with values of 8.95 L/100 km–16.26 L/100 km; the average fuel consumption of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) is the highest, with values of 12.65 L/100 km–22.70 L/100 km. The prediction results can be used to estimate the cost of using a superhighway and provide a basis for estimating the feasibility of superhighways.
Yong-Ming He; Jia Kang; Yu-Long Pei; Bin Ran; Yu-Ting Song. Study on a Prediction Model of Superhighway Fuel Consumption Based on the Test of Easy Car Platform. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6260 .
AMA StyleYong-Ming He, Jia Kang, Yu-Long Pei, Bin Ran, Yu-Ting Song. Study on a Prediction Model of Superhighway Fuel Consumption Based on the Test of Easy Car Platform. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6260.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYong-Ming He; Jia Kang; Yu-Long Pei; Bin Ran; Yu-Ting Song. 2020. "Study on a Prediction Model of Superhighway Fuel Consumption Based on the Test of Easy Car Platform." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6260.
In China, the maximum design speed of highways is 120 km/h, which first appeared in the Highway Engineering Technical Standard (Trial) in 1951. However, vehicle performance, road design, and construction technology have been greatly improved over the past 68 years. To adapt to the development demands of highway design speeds above 120 km/h in the future, it is urgent to study superhighway alignment design theory. Therefore, the horizontal alignment security design theory of superhighways was developed in this paper. First, the definition, classification, and construction mode of a superhighway and suitable vehicles of different grades are presented. Then, the lengths of straight lines were limited to reduce driving fatigue. Next, the minimum radii of circular curves were calculated based on driver characteristics and stress analysis of operating vehicles. Finally, the minimum lengths of transition curves were calculated based on the centrifugal acceleration of the operating vehicles, the travel time, and the passenger visual characteristics. The calculation and analysis results show that the superhighway linear features conform to the vehicle operating characteristics, and can ensure the safety of driving.
Yu-Long Pei; Yong-Ming He; Bin Ran; Jia Kang; Yu-Ting Song. Horizontal Alignment Security Design Theory and Application of Superhighways. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2222 .
AMA StyleYu-Long Pei, Yong-Ming He, Bin Ran, Jia Kang, Yu-Ting Song. Horizontal Alignment Security Design Theory and Application of Superhighways. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2222.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu-Long Pei; Yong-Ming He; Bin Ran; Jia Kang; Yu-Ting Song. 2020. "Horizontal Alignment Security Design Theory and Application of Superhighways." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2222.
To find and solve the problems existing in the development of higher education in China, the input–output, scale of higher education, students’ tuition and teachers’ income of Chinese and American universities are compared. The results show that the investment in top universities in China is similar to that in the United States, but the average student budget is much less, and the output is not comparable to that of American universities. The scale of higher education is much larger than that of the United States, and the growth rate is far more than demand. College tuition should be increased, with the absolute tuition only 5.93% of income, and relative tuition is 20.21% of that in the United States. College teachers are underpaid, earning only approximately 20% of what their peers earn in the United States. Therefore, for higher education sustainability, the paper puts forward the development direction of higher education in China, which is to control the expansion scale of colleges and universities, and to increase students’ tuition and teachers’ salary.
Yong-Ming He; Yu-Long Pei; Bin Ran; Jia Kang; Yu-Ting Song. Analysis on the Higher Education Sustainability in China Based on the Comparison between Universities in China and America. Sustainability 2020, 12, 573 .
AMA StyleYong-Ming He, Yu-Long Pei, Bin Ran, Jia Kang, Yu-Ting Song. Analysis on the Higher Education Sustainability in China Based on the Comparison between Universities in China and America. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):573.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYong-Ming He; Yu-Long Pei; Bin Ran; Jia Kang; Yu-Ting Song. 2020. "Analysis on the Higher Education Sustainability in China Based on the Comparison between Universities in China and America." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 573.
In this study, the statistical properties and predictability of inter-urban highway traffic flows are investigated in a practical case in Heilongjiang Province, China. We build a topology graph of the inter-urban highway traffic flows and analyze its topological structure using the degree distribution. The production and the attraction of traffic zones have a high level of heterogeneity and are strongly correlated with the topology of the inter-urban highway traffic flows. We present the probability distributions of the inter-urban highway traffic and travel distances, which can be fitted by a power-law function and a two-term Gaussian model, respectively. We also present four prediction models for the inter-urban highway traffic flows. The first three models are existing models, namely the gravity model, radiation model, and population-weighted opportunities model. The fourth is a novel multifactor-weighted benefits model that considers population, GDP, and area. We also introduce the concept of the breakthrough threshold to make our model more accurate. A comparative study shows that our model is more suitable for predicting the inter-urban highway traffic flows than the other three models, whether predicting accuracy, cost, or efficiency.
Baoyu Hu; Yanli Ma; Yulong Pei; Wei Gao. Statistical analysis and predictability of inter-urban highway traffic flows: a case study in Heilongjiang Province, China. Transportmetrica A: Transport Science 2020, 16, 1062 -1078.
AMA StyleBaoyu Hu, Yanli Ma, Yulong Pei, Wei Gao. Statistical analysis and predictability of inter-urban highway traffic flows: a case study in Heilongjiang Province, China. Transportmetrica A: Transport Science. 2020; 16 (3):1062-1078.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaoyu Hu; Yanli Ma; Yulong Pei; Wei Gao. 2020. "Statistical analysis and predictability of inter-urban highway traffic flows: a case study in Heilongjiang Province, China." Transportmetrica A: Transport Science 16, no. 3: 1062-1078.
Drivers gather traffic information primarily by means of their vision. Especially during complicated maneuvers, such as overtaking, they need to perceive a variety of characteristics including the lateral and longitudinal distances with other vehicles, the speed of others vehicles, lane occupancy, and so on, to avoid crashes. The primary object of this study is to examine the appropriate visual search patterns during overtaking maneuvers on freeways. We designed a series of driving simulating experiments in which the type and speed of the leading vehicle were considered as two influential factors. One hundred and forty participants took part in the study. The participants overtook the leading vehicles just like they would usually do so, and their eye movements were collected by use of the Eye Tracker. The results show that participants’ gaze durations and saccade durations followed normal distribution patterns and that saccade angles followed a log-normal distribution pattern. It was observed that the type of leading vehicle significantly impacted the drivers’ gaze duration and gaze frequency. As the speed of a leading vehicle increased, subjects’ saccade durations became longer and saccade angles became larger. In addition, the initial and destination lanes were found to be key areas with the highest visual allocating proportion, accounting for more than 65% of total visual allocation. Subjects tended to more frequently shift their viewpoints between the initial lane and destination lane in order to search for crucial traffic information. However, they seldom directly shifted their viewpoints between the two wing mirrors.
Wenhui Zhang; Jing Dai; Yulong Pei; Penghui Li; Ying Yan; Xinqiang Chen. Drivers’ Visual Search Patterns during Overtaking Maneuvers on Freeway. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2016, 13, 1159 .
AMA StyleWenhui Zhang, Jing Dai, Yulong Pei, Penghui Li, Ying Yan, Xinqiang Chen. Drivers’ Visual Search Patterns during Overtaking Maneuvers on Freeway. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13 (11):1159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenhui Zhang; Jing Dai; Yulong Pei; Penghui Li; Ying Yan; Xinqiang Chen. 2016. "Drivers’ Visual Search Patterns during Overtaking Maneuvers on Freeway." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 11: 1159.