Çeviklik sportif performansı etkileyen en önemli belirleyicilerden birisidir. Çeviklik, uyarana karşı tepki olarak verilen, tüm vücudun katılımını gerektiren, hızlı hareket edebilme, dengeyi koruma ve yön değiştirme gibi becerileri uyumlu bir şekilde gerçekleştirebilme yeteneği olarak tanımlanabilir. Çeviklik, diğer sportif becerilere göre daha karmaşık bir yapıya sahiptir. Bu kavramın içeriği, geliştirilmesi, ölçülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi konusunda birçok farklı görüş ortaya koyulmuştur. Çeviklik, eskiden yön değiştirme ve sürat gibi becerileri içeren, önceden planlanmış etkinlikler şeklinde değerlendirilirken, güncel çalışmalarda algılama ve karar verme gibi bilişsel faktörlerin çeviklik kavramının temelindeki unsurları oluşturdukları vurgulanmaktadır. Çeviklik performansı ile ilgili tanımlamalar ve değerlendirmeler spora özgü farklılıklar içerebilmektedir. Ayrıca çeviklik becerisini ölçmek için birçok farklı çeviklik testi geliştirilmiştir, ancak bu testlerin geçerliği, süresi, mesafesi ve tasarımı hakkında kabul görmemiş bazı hususlar vardır. Bunun yanında çeviklik performansının spor başarısındaki önemi herkes tarafından kabul görse de, geliştirilmesi konusunda yeterli sayıda bilgi mevcut değildir. Bu sebeple bu çalışmanın amacı çeviklik kavramını tüm yönleriyle ele almak ve güncel çalışmalar ışığında konuyla ilgili değişen yaklaşımları incelemektir. Sonuç olarak, çeviklik performansının geliştirilmesine yönelik alternatif antrenman yöntemi arayışları devam ederken, ölçme ve değerlendirme için de bütün bileşenlerin dahil edildiği yeni test yöntemleri geliştirmek için çalışmalar sürmektedir.

The foundations of modern physical education in Turkey have been defined using arrangements of European countries. In general, it has been determined that European standards are taken into account as criteria when physical education is generally assessed. The evaluation of this development should also be made with scientific studies. It cannot be said that the researches carried out by the comparative research method are not sufficient; besides, many studies are carried out in different fields of physical education in Turkey. In this research the current status of physical education has been analyzed through comparative research methodology. Core aims of the study include assessing the value of PE to learners and the community; finding out and comparing teaching modules and approaches; comparing material environment around teaching PE; defining the modern trends in physical education development. Data have been collected by means of document analysis. Curriculum reform carried out in 2013 in Turkey was accepted as the start for the conducting of the document analysis. As a result, it must be accepted that Europe is an established physical education course culture. Turkey has been carrying out the reforms in recent years to create this culture. Europe has a strong heritage in terms of physical education while Turkey has increased its efforts in recent years to build this heritage. It has been revealed that the new physical education course content has been used in Turkey since 2004. Physical education and sports programs are designed on two basic areas of learning and development: mobility competence and active and healthy living. The basic structure of the physical education lesson teaching plan is based on the principles of physical, mental, individual, emotional and social skills, taking into account the environmental conditions and prevalence of providing physical activity and participation of students in sports.

The particular responsibility of referees in combat sports lies in their decision-making to enforce the rules of the sport, which requires considerable experience and a multitude of skills, including perception, categorization, memory processing, and information integration. As a cost-effective alternative to in-tournament training, this research aims to evaluate the novel video-based serious game called “JudgED” to train martial arts referees’ decision-making processes through immediate feedback. The effectiveness of the JudgED game was assessed by (a) measuring decision accuracy and specific reaction time, (b) calculating a theoretical probability of correct scoring, and (c) comparing these results with real competition judging agreement data. A field study was conducted to analyze the performance of 16 kickboxing referees. The study involved two video-based tests in the serious game. The performance data for JudgED were obtained via a procedure that compares the players’ inputs in the serious game with expert-defined decisions. The results were compared to real-competition data gathered through qualitative analysis of kickboxing fights (n = 400 fights/1200 bouts) at the WAKO World Championships 2021. The findings showed an average decision accuracy of 43.011% and an average reaction time of 1.022 s. For further comparison, binominal distribution for the probability of correct final decisions (between 15.3% and 67.2%) in JudgED and Fleiss’ Kappa interrater reliability for JudgED (Ring: $\kappa$ = 0.371; Tatami: $\kappa$ = 0.398; p < 0.001) and tournament decisions (by bout: $\kappa$ = 0.114; by fight $\kappa$ = 0.063; by outcome $\kappa$ = 0.166; p < 0.001) were calculated. The results suggest that more training is required to improve referee decision accuracy, and JudgED bears the potential to work as a suitable supporting system.

Background/Objectives: This study assessed the individual and combined effects of green tea extract and ginger supplementation on endurance performance, metabolic responses, perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and muscle soreness in normothermic and cold environmental conditions. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind crossover trial, sixteen recreationally active males (age: 23.4 ± 0.4 years; VO₂ max: 46.8 ± 2.8 mL/kg/min) were tested in eight conditions (placebo [maltodextrin], green tea [500 mg], ginger [1000 mg], combined), all in normothermic (21–24 °C) and cold (5–7 °C) environments. All supplements and the placebo were encapsulated in identical capsules to ensure blinding. Participants completed a submaximal time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test at 70% VO₂ max on a cycle ergometer. TTE, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation (TSS), and muscle soreness via a visual analog scale (VAS), assessed 24 h post-exercise, were measured. Results: In normothermic condition, green tea and combined supplementation significantly increased TTE and reduced RER compared to the placebo (p < 0.05), and that combined supplementation lowered RPE relative to the placebo and ginger (all p < 0.05). In cold conditions, combined supplementation significantly enhanced TTE, reduced RER, and improved TSS compared to the placebo and ginger (p < 0.05), while all supplements decreased VAS relative to the placebo (p < 0.05). Ginger alone showed no significant effect on TTE or RER but improved TSS and VAS in cold compared to the placebo (p < 0.05). Cold placebo conditions exhibited significantly higher RPE and VAS than all normothermic conditions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Green tea enhances endurance and fat oxidation in normothermic conditions, while its combination with ginger can optimize performance, thermal comfort, and recovery in cold environments. These findings suggest a practical nutritional strategy for mitigating environmental stress during exercise, specific to the acute supplementation in males. Trial Registration: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT07150533).

This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the AI-based DeepSport application by comparing its outcomes with those from the reference device, OptoJump. The primary dependent variables measured were jump height and anaerobic power during vertical jump assessments. Twelve elite male basketball players voluntarily participated in the study (age = 21.53 ± 1.14 years; sports experience = 6.47 ± 1.01 years). DeepSport uses AI-based image processing from standard cameras, while OptoJump uses optical sensor technology. Both DeepSport and OptoJump systems were utilized to assess participants’ Countermovement Jump (CMJ) and Squat Jump (SJ) performances. A G*Power (version 3.1.9.7) analysis determined the required sample size, adopting a 95% confidence level, 90% test power, and an effect size of 0.25. Validity assessments were conducted using Bland-Altman plots and ordinary least products (OLP) regression analysis, while reliability was evaluated through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), standard error of measurement (SEM), and smallest detectable change (SDC) analyses. DeepSport showed excellent reliability in CMJ and SJ tests with ICC values > 0.90, and CV ranged between 2.12% and 4.95%. Results were consistent with OptoJump, showing no significant differences according to t-test results (p > 0.05). Bland–Altman analyses indicated no systematic bias and random distribution. These findings confirm that both DeepSport and OptoJump devices demonstrate high reliability and consistency, suggesting their validity and reliability for use in athlete performance assessments by coaches and athletes.

The role of physical activity in pre-service teachers’ subjective vitality