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This paper presents the methodology for temperature compensation of a system for shape reconstruction of a minimally invasive surgical needle. The system is based on four optical fibers glued along the needle at 90∘ from each other and connected to the optical backscattering reflectometry interrogator. The interrogator measures backscattered light from four fibers, which shifts as a response to temperature or strain variations. During minimally invasive surgery the fibers sense both the strain change (due to the needle bending) and the temperature change (due to the difference between the temperature of the environment and the human body). Shape reconstruction is based on the strain measurements, so the temperature readings need to be compensated. The methodology of compensation is based on the two pairs of opposite fibers, which measure the same temperature change and opposite strain. The spectral shifts of the opposite fibers are added to find only the temperature component and the result is subtracted from the whole spectral shift to find the strain change detected by each fiber. This method has been validated by repeated constant insertion into a temperature-varying phantom. The algorithm has succeeded in the extraction of the strain component, which found to be the same in all trials despite the changing temperature.
Aizhan Issatayeva; Aida Amantayeva; Wilfried Blanc; Carlo Molardi; Daniele Tosi. Temperature compensation of the fiber-optic based system for the shape reconstruction of a minimally invasive surgical needle. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2021, 329, 112795 .
AMA StyleAizhan Issatayeva, Aida Amantayeva, Wilfried Blanc, Carlo Molardi, Daniele Tosi. Temperature compensation of the fiber-optic based system for the shape reconstruction of a minimally invasive surgical needle. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 2021; 329 ():112795.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAizhan Issatayeva; Aida Amantayeva; Wilfried Blanc; Carlo Molardi; Daniele Tosi. 2021. "Temperature compensation of the fiber-optic based system for the shape reconstruction of a minimally invasive surgical needle." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 329, no. : 112795.
This article reports on the first demonstration of in situ , real-time dosimetry realized with an enhanced backscattering optical fiber, and a high-resolution optical backscattering reflectometry measurement. This work is devised to overcome the current problems in monitoring radiotherapy treatments, in particular, the difficult evaluation of not only the actual X-ray dose that is accumulated on the target volume but also the distribution profile of the ionizing radiation beam. Overall, the research aims at developing a dose sensor with the most demanding features of small form factor, spatial profiling, and remote interrogation. The experiments have been conducted by evaluating the spatial profile of radiation-induced spectral shift of the Rayleigh backscattering along an optical fiber exposed to X-rays. The sensing element is a section of specialty optical fiber whose Rayleigh backscattering signature changes under ionizing radiation. The specialty fiber is designed to exhibit an enhanced backscattering, in order to overcome the poor sensitivity to radiation of standard optical fibers that are normally, used in telecommunications. The enhanced sensitivity is achieved by doping the core with either aluminum or magnesium nanoparticles, and two different fibers have been fabricated and tested. The experimental results show the capability of real time detection of the radiation profile from high-dose rates (700 Gy/min) to low-dose rates (2 Gy/min). Moreover, different sensing mechanisms and responses to high- and low-dose rates are evidenced. A comparison with a quasi-distributed sensing system based on an array of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is discussed, highlighting the superior performance of the backscattering approach in terms of sensitivity and spatial resolution, whereas the array of FBGs exhibits an advantage in terms of sampling speed.
Massimo Olivero; Alessandro Mirigaldi; Valentina Serafini; Alberto Vallan; Guido Perrone; Wilfried Blanc; Mourad Benabdesselam; Franck Mady; Carlo Molardi; Daniele Tosi. Distributed X-Ray Dosimetry With Optical Fibers by Optical Frequency Domain Interferometry. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2021, 70, 1 -9.
AMA StyleMassimo Olivero, Alessandro Mirigaldi, Valentina Serafini, Alberto Vallan, Guido Perrone, Wilfried Blanc, Mourad Benabdesselam, Franck Mady, Carlo Molardi, Daniele Tosi. Distributed X-Ray Dosimetry With Optical Fibers by Optical Frequency Domain Interferometry. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 2021; 70 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMassimo Olivero; Alessandro Mirigaldi; Valentina Serafini; Alberto Vallan; Guido Perrone; Wilfried Blanc; Mourad Benabdesselam; Franck Mady; Carlo Molardi; Daniele Tosi. 2021. "Distributed X-Ray Dosimetry With Optical Fibers by Optical Frequency Domain Interferometry." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 70, no. : 1-9.
Even though the (75 NaPO3-25 CaF2) (in mol%) glass can be heat-treated into transparent glass-ceramic with Er3+ doped CaF2 crystals precipitating in the volume of the glass during heat-treatment, this glass was found to be a poor glass former, limiting its use as upconverter under 975 nm pumping. In this study, the impact of the glass composition on the thermal, optical and structural properties of the glass was investigated in order to understand how the glass composition can be tailored for the development of thermally stable upconverter glass-based material. The addition of MgO, Fe2O3 and Al2O3 in the NaPO3-CaF2 glass system increases the thermal stability of glass due to the depolymerization of the glass network. However, the changes in the glass composition also impacted on the nucleation and growth process. Indeed, CaF2 and other crystals were found in the newly developed glasses after heat-treatment leading to glass-ceramics with lower intensity of upconversion than the (75 NaPO3-25 CaF2) glass-ceramic used as a reference. Glasses were also prepared with different concentrations of Er2O3 and ErF3. These glasses were found to be promising as not only are they thermally stable, but they also exhibit green and red emission with high intensity under 975 nm pumping due to Er3+ clustering.
Nirajan Ojha; Iuliia Dmitrieva; Wilfried Blanc; Laeticia Petit. Tailoring the Glass Composition to Increase the Thermal Stability without Impacting the Crystallization Behavior of Oxyfluorophosphate Glass. Ceramics 2021, 4, 148 -159.
AMA StyleNirajan Ojha, Iuliia Dmitrieva, Wilfried Blanc, Laeticia Petit. Tailoring the Glass Composition to Increase the Thermal Stability without Impacting the Crystallization Behavior of Oxyfluorophosphate Glass. Ceramics. 2021; 4 (2):148-159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNirajan Ojha; Iuliia Dmitrieva; Wilfried Blanc; Laeticia Petit. 2021. "Tailoring the Glass Composition to Increase the Thermal Stability without Impacting the Crystallization Behavior of Oxyfluorophosphate Glass." Ceramics 4, no. 2: 148-159.
Europium (Eu)-doped silica nanoparticles have attracted great interest for different applications, in particular in biomedicine as biosensors or for tissue regeneration. Sol-gel is the most common process used to prepare those particles, with size varying from tens to hundreds of nanometers. In this article, we focus our attention on the comparison between two commonly used sol-gel derived methods: reverse microemulsion (for particles smaller than 100 nm) and Stöber method (for particles larger than 100 nm). Europium concentration was varied between 0.2 and 1 mol%, and the nanoparticle diameters were 10, 50 and 100 nm. The link between the local environment of europium ions and their optical properties was investigated and discussed. Using Transmission Electron Microscopy, nitrogen sorption, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-Transform Infra-Red and pulsed doubled Nd:YAG laser, we confirmed that fluorescence lifetime was improved by thermal treatment at 900 °C due to the elimination of aqueous environment and modification of structure disorder. The size of nanoparticles, the amount of europium and the thermal treatment of obtained materials influence the emission spectra and the decay curves of Eu3+.
Hussein Fneich; Nathalie Gaumer; Stéphane Chaussedent; Ahmad Mehdi; Wilfried Blanc. The Effect of Size and Thermal Treatment on the Photoluminescent Properties of Europium-Doped SiO2 Nanoparticles Prepared in One Pot by Sol-Gel. Materials 2021, 14, 1607 .
AMA StyleHussein Fneich, Nathalie Gaumer, Stéphane Chaussedent, Ahmad Mehdi, Wilfried Blanc. The Effect of Size and Thermal Treatment on the Photoluminescent Properties of Europium-Doped SiO2 Nanoparticles Prepared in One Pot by Sol-Gel. Materials. 2021; 14 (7):1607.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHussein Fneich; Nathalie Gaumer; Stéphane Chaussedent; Ahmad Mehdi; Wilfried Blanc. 2021. "The Effect of Size and Thermal Treatment on the Photoluminescent Properties of Europium-Doped SiO2 Nanoparticles Prepared in One Pot by Sol-Gel." Materials 14, no. 7: 1607.
Thermal ablation is achieved by delivering heat directly to tissue through a minimally invasive applicator. The therapy requires a temperature control between 50–100 °C since the mortality of the tumor is directly connected with the thermal dosimetry. Existing temperature monitoring techniques have limitations such as single-point monitoring, require costly equipment, and expose patients to X-ray radiation. Therefore, it is important to explore an alternative sensing solution, which can accurately monitor temperature over the whole ablated region. The work aims to propose a distributed fiber optic sensor as a potential candidate for this application due to the small size, high resolution, bio-compatibility, and temperature sensitivity of the optical fibers. The working principle is based on spatial multiplexing of optical fibers to achieve 3D temperature monitoring. The multiplexing is achieved by high-scattering, nanoparticle-doped fibers as sensing fibers, which are spatially separated by lower-scattering level of single-mode fibers. The setup, consisting of twelve sensing fibers, monitors tissue of 16 mm × 16 mm × 25 mm in size exposed to a gold nanoparticle-mediated microwave ablation. The results provide real-time 3D thermal maps of the whole ablated region with a high resolution. The setup allows for identification of the asymmetry in the temperature distribution over the tissue and adjustment of the applicator to follow the allowed temperature limits.
Aidana Beisenova; Aizhan Issatayeva; Zhannat Ashikbayeva; Madina Jelbuldina; Arman Aitkulov; Vassilis Inglezakis; Wilfried Blanc; Paola Saccomandi; Carlo Molardi; Daniele Tosi. Distributed Sensing Network Enabled by High-Scattering MgO-Doped Optical Fibers for 3D Temperature Monitoring of Thermal Ablation in Liver Phantom. Sensors 2021, 21, 828 .
AMA StyleAidana Beisenova, Aizhan Issatayeva, Zhannat Ashikbayeva, Madina Jelbuldina, Arman Aitkulov, Vassilis Inglezakis, Wilfried Blanc, Paola Saccomandi, Carlo Molardi, Daniele Tosi. Distributed Sensing Network Enabled by High-Scattering MgO-Doped Optical Fibers for 3D Temperature Monitoring of Thermal Ablation in Liver Phantom. Sensors. 2021; 21 (3):828.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAidana Beisenova; Aizhan Issatayeva; Zhannat Ashikbayeva; Madina Jelbuldina; Arman Aitkulov; Vassilis Inglezakis; Wilfried Blanc; Paola Saccomandi; Carlo Molardi; Daniele Tosi. 2021. "Distributed Sensing Network Enabled by High-Scattering MgO-Doped Optical Fibers for 3D Temperature Monitoring of Thermal Ablation in Liver Phantom." Sensors 21, no. 3: 828.
We propose and evaluate a technique for the fabrication and interrogation of fiber-optic refractive index (RI) sensors based on etched MgO-based nanoparticle doped fibers. The discussed method does not require to inscribe a reflective element into the fiber. Instead, light backscattered by the fiber can give sufficient information that is necessary for detection, by performing the cross-correlation of Rayleigh scatter signatures in the etched zones. The performance of the sensor is monitored using distributed sensing, which allows to interrogate several points along the length of the fiber. The sensitivities of several etched fibers are compared. The largest sensitivity that has been achieved is 45.95 nm/RIU (RI units), with the possibility of implementing temperature compensation.
A. Aitkulov; M. Sypabekova; C. Molardi; W. Blanc; D. Tosi. Fabrication and performance evaluation of reflectorless refractive index fiber optic sensors using etched enhanced backscattering fibers. Measurement 2020, 172, 108874 .
AMA StyleA. Aitkulov, M. Sypabekova, C. Molardi, W. Blanc, D. Tosi. Fabrication and performance evaluation of reflectorless refractive index fiber optic sensors using etched enhanced backscattering fibers. Measurement. 2020; 172 ():108874.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Aitkulov; M. Sypabekova; C. Molardi; W. Blanc; D. Tosi. 2020. "Fabrication and performance evaluation of reflectorless refractive index fiber optic sensors using etched enhanced backscattering fibers." Measurement 172, no. : 108874.
This paper presents the development of a wearable smart textile for mechanical perturbation assessment during gait based on distributed optical fiber sensor system using the transmission-reflection analysis (TRA). In this case, magnesium and erbium co-doped optical fiber is employed as a high scattering medium, which results in high spatial resolution for the technique (in the order of a few millimeters). The optical fiber was embedded in a garment and controlled displacements at predefined locations on the garment were applied, where the simultaneous assessment of displacement amplitude and location was obtained using a slope-assisted technique. In the proposed technique, the slope inverses of the transmission-reflection curves are correlated with the displacement applied on the fiber, where a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.996 was obtained. Then, the sloped-normalized reflection (or backscattered) response is used on the disturbance location estimation with relative errors as low as 3.7%. The on-body application tests show an inherent insensitivity of the proposed smart garment to body movement due to natural gait movements, indicating the feasibility of the proposed approach on detecting only the transverse induced mechanical perturbations. In the wearable tests, the sensor system shows high correlation (R2 higher than 0.98) in the tests with different volunteers (subjected to similar displacements at predefined locations) and millimeter-accuracy on the disturbance location estimation.
Arnaldo G. Leal-Junior; Diana Ribeiro; Leticia M. Avellar; Mariana Silveira; Camilo A. Rodriguez Diaz; Anselmo Frizera-Neto; Wilfried Blanc; Eduardo Rocon; Carlos Marques. Wearable and Fully-Portable Smart Garment for Mechanical Perturbation Detection With Nanoparticles Optical Fibers. IEEE Sensors Journal 2020, 21, 2995 -3003.
AMA StyleArnaldo G. Leal-Junior, Diana Ribeiro, Leticia M. Avellar, Mariana Silveira, Camilo A. Rodriguez Diaz, Anselmo Frizera-Neto, Wilfried Blanc, Eduardo Rocon, Carlos Marques. Wearable and Fully-Portable Smart Garment for Mechanical Perturbation Detection With Nanoparticles Optical Fibers. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2020; 21 (3):2995-3003.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArnaldo G. Leal-Junior; Diana Ribeiro; Leticia M. Avellar; Mariana Silveira; Camilo A. Rodriguez Diaz; Anselmo Frizera-Neto; Wilfried Blanc; Eduardo Rocon; Carlos Marques. 2020. "Wearable and Fully-Portable Smart Garment for Mechanical Perturbation Detection With Nanoparticles Optical Fibers." IEEE Sensors Journal 21, no. 3: 2995-3003.
Wilfried Blanc; Pieter Dorenbos; Fiorenzo Vetrone; Giancarlo C. Righini. PRE'19. Ceramics International 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleWilfried Blanc, Pieter Dorenbos, Fiorenzo Vetrone, Giancarlo C. Righini. PRE'19. Ceramics International. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilfried Blanc; Pieter Dorenbos; Fiorenzo Vetrone; Giancarlo C. Righini. 2020. "PRE'19." Ceramics International , no. : 1.
We present the fabrication and characterization of a low-loss enhanced backscattering fiber, having the core doped with MgO-based nanoparticles (MgO-NP), for distributed sensing application. The fiber has a scattering increment of 48.9 dB and two-way attenuation of 14.3 dB/m; these are the largest Rayleigh scattering increment paired with the lowest losses for this type of fiber. In this work, we provide a thorough characterization of the fiber performances, and their impact on distributed sensing networks, using scattering-level multiplexing where a 2.4 – 4.0 times extension of sensing length can be achieved.
Daniele Tosi; Carlo Molardi; Wilfried Blanc. Rayleigh scattering characterization of a low-loss MgO-based nanoparticle-doped optical fiber for distributed sensing. Optics & Laser Technology 2020, 133, 106523 .
AMA StyleDaniele Tosi, Carlo Molardi, Wilfried Blanc. Rayleigh scattering characterization of a low-loss MgO-based nanoparticle-doped optical fiber for distributed sensing. Optics & Laser Technology. 2020; 133 ():106523.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniele Tosi; Carlo Molardi; Wilfried Blanc. 2020. "Rayleigh scattering characterization of a low-loss MgO-based nanoparticle-doped optical fiber for distributed sensing." Optics & Laser Technology 133, no. : 106523.
Optical Backscatter Reflectometry (OBR) is an advanced distributed sensing technique that makes use of optical fibers to detect and localize physical parameters, with spatial resolution below the millimeter. By tailoring the Rayleigh scattering properties of optical fibers, enhancing the backscattering contents, we can create 2 and 3-dimensional sensing networks that can extend OBR to multi-dimensional sensing, and even to biosensing. In this work, we provide a tutorial on distributed optical fiber sensors with enhanced backscattering, and on how to design sensing networks with these fibers; we also review the main applications and emerging topics.
Daniele Tosi; Carlo Molardi; Marzhan Sypabekova; Wilfried Blanc. Enhanced Backscattering Optical Fiber Distributed Sensors: Tutorial and Review. IEEE Sensors Journal 2020, 21, 12667 -12678.
AMA StyleDaniele Tosi, Carlo Molardi, Marzhan Sypabekova, Wilfried Blanc. Enhanced Backscattering Optical Fiber Distributed Sensors: Tutorial and Review. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2020; 21 (11):12667-12678.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniele Tosi; Carlo Molardi; Marzhan Sypabekova; Wilfried Blanc. 2020. "Enhanced Backscattering Optical Fiber Distributed Sensors: Tutorial and Review." IEEE Sensors Journal 21, no. 11: 12667-12678.
Rare Earth Elements-doped glasses have applications in many fields, and for example, Al and Ce codoping in silica optical fibers is usually done to attenuate the optical degradation (photodarkening) of, e.g. Yb and Tm doped silica optical fibers. To shed some light on the effect of codoping on the optical properties and the glass structure of SiO2 fibers, we investigated a SiO2 fiber preform having a gradual increase of the CeO2 + Al2O3 content from 1.5 to 6.3 mol% and a CeO2/Al2O3 molar ratio varying from 0.04 to 1.4. Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies have been used to evaluate changes in the short- and medium-range order both in the cladding and in the core portions, and the evolution of the glass optical properties, respectively. The variations of the excitation and emission have been linked to modifications in the vibration bands of the Raman spectra, and in turn, the relationship between optical properties and glass connectivity has been carefully considered. Our results show that there is a strong positive linear relationship between the increase of the Raman bands in the high-frequency range and the red-shift of the excitation maxima. Therefore, the change of distances and bond covalency character influences, in the same way, both the photoluminescence behavior of the core and the connectivity of the amorphous network.
Maria Rita Cicconi; Wilfried Blanc; Dominique de Ligny; Daniel R. Neuville. The influence of codoping on optical properties and glass connectivity of silica fiber preforms. Ceramics International 2020, 46, 26251 -26259.
AMA StyleMaria Rita Cicconi, Wilfried Blanc, Dominique de Ligny, Daniel R. Neuville. The influence of codoping on optical properties and glass connectivity of silica fiber preforms. Ceramics International. 2020; 46 (16):26251-26259.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Rita Cicconi; Wilfried Blanc; Dominique de Ligny; Daniel R. Neuville. 2020. "The influence of codoping on optical properties and glass connectivity of silica fiber preforms." Ceramics International 46, no. 16: 26251-26259.
Petr Varak; Jan Mrazek; Wilfried Blanc; Jan Aubrecht; Michal Kamrádek; Ondrej Podrazky. Preparation and properties of Tm-doped SiO2-ZrO2 phase separated optical fibers for use in fiber lasers. Optical Materials Express 2020, 10, 1383 .
AMA StylePetr Varak, Jan Mrazek, Wilfried Blanc, Jan Aubrecht, Michal Kamrádek, Ondrej Podrazky. Preparation and properties of Tm-doped SiO2-ZrO2 phase separated optical fibers for use in fiber lasers. Optical Materials Express. 2020; 10 (6):1383.
Chicago/Turabian StylePetr Varak; Jan Mrazek; Wilfried Blanc; Jan Aubrecht; Michal Kamrádek; Ondrej Podrazky. 2020. "Preparation and properties of Tm-doped SiO2-ZrO2 phase separated optical fibers for use in fiber lasers." Optical Materials Express 10, no. 6: 1383.
Optical backscatter reflectometry (OBR) is a method for the interrogation of Rayleigh scattering occurring in each section of an optical fiber, resulting in a single-fiber-distributed sensor with sub-millimeter spatial resolution. The use of high-scattering fibers, doped with MgO-based nanoparticles in the core section, provides a scattering increase which can overcome 40 dB. Using a configuration-labeled Scattering-Level Multiplexing (SLMux), we can arrange a network of high-scattering fibers to perform a simultaneous scan of multiple fiber sections, therefore extending the OBR method from a single fiber to multiple fibers. In this work, we analyze the performance and boundary limits of SLMux, drawing the limits of detection of N-channel SLMux, and evaluating the performance of scattering-enhancement methods in optical fibers.
Daniele Tosi; Carlo Molardi; Wilfried Blanc; Tiago Paixão; Paulo Antunes; Carlos Marques. Performance Analysis of Scattering-Level Multiplexing (SLMux) in Distributed Fiber-Optic Backscatter Reflectometry Physical Sensors. Sensors 2020, 20, 2595 .
AMA StyleDaniele Tosi, Carlo Molardi, Wilfried Blanc, Tiago Paixão, Paulo Antunes, Carlos Marques. Performance Analysis of Scattering-Level Multiplexing (SLMux) in Distributed Fiber-Optic Backscatter Reflectometry Physical Sensors. Sensors. 2020; 20 (9):2595.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniele Tosi; Carlo Molardi; Wilfried Blanc; Tiago Paixão; Paulo Antunes; Carlos Marques. 2020. "Performance Analysis of Scattering-Level Multiplexing (SLMux) in Distributed Fiber-Optic Backscatter Reflectometry Physical Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 9: 2595.
The luminescence properties of several doped materials are explored in many fields of application, including that of ionizing radiation dosimetry. These luminescence properties are essentially provided by the doping element. In this paper, we report TSL measurements of the trapping and recombination centers involved in the luminescence process of sol-gel derived glasses. Three doped species will be concerned: one transition metal (Cu), one rare-earth element (Ce) and a combination of both in the sol-gel silica matrix. By comparing the performances of these samples according to the criteria required for dosimetry by both TSL and OSL (sensitivity, dose-response, thermal fading), the results show that the simply doped samples really are potential candidates for fibered-OSL dosimetry.
M. Benabdesselam; F. Mady; A. Guttilla; W. Blanc; H. El Hamzaoui; M. Bouazaoui; N. Al Helou; J. Bahout; G. Bouwmans; B. Capoen. Investigation of Thermoluminescence Properties of Potential Fibered-OSL Dosimeter Materials. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 2020, 67, 1663 -1668.
AMA StyleM. Benabdesselam, F. Mady, A. Guttilla, W. Blanc, H. El Hamzaoui, M. Bouazaoui, N. Al Helou, J. Bahout, G. Bouwmans, B. Capoen. Investigation of Thermoluminescence Properties of Potential Fibered-OSL Dosimeter Materials. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 2020; 67 (7):1663-1668.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Benabdesselam; F. Mady; A. Guttilla; W. Blanc; H. El Hamzaoui; M. Bouazaoui; N. Al Helou; J. Bahout; G. Bouwmans; B. Capoen. 2020. "Investigation of Thermoluminescence Properties of Potential Fibered-OSL Dosimeter Materials." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 67, no. 7: 1663-1668.
For years, scientists have been looking for different techniques to make glasses perfect: fully amorphous and ideally homogeneous. Meanwhile, recent advances in the development of particle-containing glasses (PCG), defined in this paper as glass-ceramics, glasses doped with metallic nanoparticles, and phase-separated glasses show that these “imperfect” glasses can result in better optical materials if particles of desired chemistry, size, and shape are present in the glass. It has been shown that PCGs can be used for the fabrication of nanostructured fibers—a novel class of media for fiber optics. These unique optical fibers are able to outperform their traditional glass counterparts in terms of available emission spectral range, quantum efficiency, non-linear properties, fabricated sensors sensitivity, and other parameters. Being rather special, nanostructured fibers require new, unconventional solutions on the materials used, fabrication, and characterization techniques, limiting the use of these novel materials. This work overviews practical aspects and progress in the fabrication and characterization methods of the particle-containing glasses with particular attention to nanostructured fibers made of these materials. A review of the recent achievements shows that current technologies allow producing high-optical quality PCG-fibers of different types, and the unique optical properties of these nanostructured fibers make them prospective for applications in lasers, optical communications, medicine, lighting, and other areas of science and industry.
Alexander Veber; Zhuorui Lu; Manuel Vermillac; Franck Pigeonneau; Wilfried Blanc; Laeticia Petit. Nano-Structured Optical Fibers Made of Glass-Ceramics, and Phase Separated and Metallic Particle-Containing Glasses. Fibers 2019, 7, 105 .
AMA StyleAlexander Veber, Zhuorui Lu, Manuel Vermillac, Franck Pigeonneau, Wilfried Blanc, Laeticia Petit. Nano-Structured Optical Fibers Made of Glass-Ceramics, and Phase Separated and Metallic Particle-Containing Glasses. Fibers. 2019; 7 (12):105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexander Veber; Zhuorui Lu; Manuel Vermillac; Franck Pigeonneau; Wilfried Blanc; Laeticia Petit. 2019. "Nano-Structured Optical Fibers Made of Glass-Ceramics, and Phase Separated and Metallic Particle-Containing Glasses." Fibers 7, no. 12: 105.
Takhmina Ayupova; Madina Shaimerdenova; Sanzhar Korganbayev; Marzhan Sypabekova; Aliya Bekmurzayeva; Wilfried Blanc; Salvador Sales; Tuan Guo; Carlo Molardi; Daniele Tosi. Fiber Optic Refractive Index Distributed Multi-Sensors by Scattering-Level Multiplexing With MgO Nanoparticle-Doped Fibers. IEEE Sensors Journal 2019, 20, 2504 -2510.
AMA StyleTakhmina Ayupova, Madina Shaimerdenova, Sanzhar Korganbayev, Marzhan Sypabekova, Aliya Bekmurzayeva, Wilfried Blanc, Salvador Sales, Tuan Guo, Carlo Molardi, Daniele Tosi. Fiber Optic Refractive Index Distributed Multi-Sensors by Scattering-Level Multiplexing With MgO Nanoparticle-Doped Fibers. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2019; 20 (5):2504-2510.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTakhmina Ayupova; Madina Shaimerdenova; Sanzhar Korganbayev; Marzhan Sypabekova; Aliya Bekmurzayeva; Wilfried Blanc; Salvador Sales; Tuan Guo; Carlo Molardi; Daniele Tosi. 2019. "Fiber Optic Refractive Index Distributed Multi-Sensors by Scattering-Level Multiplexing With MgO Nanoparticle-Doped Fibers." IEEE Sensors Journal 20, no. 5: 2504-2510.
Doping material with nanoparticles is increasingly used as an effective method for improving their mechanical, optical and sturdiness properties in many fields. More specifically, effective material development will depend on our ability to control nanoparticles shape, composition and size. While crystalline nanophase can be examined easily, characterization of amorphous nanoparticles remains a challenge. Here, we investigate the chemical composition of sub-20-nm oxide nanoparticles grown in rare-earth doped silicate glass through the phase separation mechanism occurring under heat treatment. Using a combination of analytical techniques, we demonstrate that nanoparticle composition and, therefore, the chemical environment of encapsulated rare-earth ions, is nanoparticle size dependent. This new experimental evidence of composition change contributes unique insights on the phase separation mechanism that will lead to better comprehension and will guide development of future materials.
Wilfried Blanc; Isabelle Martin; Hugues François-Saint-Cyr; Xavier Bidault; Stephane Chaussedent; Chrystel Hombourger; Sabrina Lacomme; Philippe Le Coustumer; Daniel R. Neuville; David J. Larson; Ty J. Prosa; Christelle Guillermier. Compositional Changes at the Early Stages of Nanoparticles Growth in Glasses. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2019, 123, 29008 -29014.
AMA StyleWilfried Blanc, Isabelle Martin, Hugues François-Saint-Cyr, Xavier Bidault, Stephane Chaussedent, Chrystel Hombourger, Sabrina Lacomme, Philippe Le Coustumer, Daniel R. Neuville, David J. Larson, Ty J. Prosa, Christelle Guillermier. Compositional Changes at the Early Stages of Nanoparticles Growth in Glasses. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2019; 123 (47):29008-29014.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilfried Blanc; Isabelle Martin; Hugues François-Saint-Cyr; Xavier Bidault; Stephane Chaussedent; Chrystel Hombourger; Sabrina Lacomme; Philippe Le Coustumer; Daniel R. Neuville; David J. Larson; Ty J. Prosa; Christelle Guillermier. 2019. "Compositional Changes at the Early Stages of Nanoparticles Growth in Glasses." The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 123, no. 47: 29008-29014.
The characterization of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors on a high-scattering fiber, having the core doped with MgO nanoparticles for polarization-dependent temperature sensing is reported. The fiber has a scattering level 37.2 dB higher than a single-mode fiber. FBGs have been inscribed by mean of a near-infrared femtosecond laser and a phase mask, with Bragg wavelength around 1552 nm. The characterization shows a thermal sensitivity of 11.45 pm/°C. A polarization-selective thermal behavior has been obtained, with sensitivity of 11.53 pm/°C for the perpendicular polarization (S) and 11.08 pm/°C for the parallel polarization (P), thus having 4.0% different sensitivity between the two polarizations. The results show the inscription of high-reflectivity FBGs onto a fiber core doped with nanoparticles, with the possibility of having reflectors into a fiber with tailored Rayleigh scattering properties.
Carlo Molardi; Tiago Paixão; Aidana Beisenova; Rui Min; Paulo Antunes; Carlos Marques; Wilfried Blanc; Daniele Tosi. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensors in a High-Scattering Optical Fiber Doped with MgO Nanoparticles for Polarization-Dependent Temperature Sensing. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 3107 .
AMA StyleCarlo Molardi, Tiago Paixão, Aidana Beisenova, Rui Min, Paulo Antunes, Carlos Marques, Wilfried Blanc, Daniele Tosi. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensors in a High-Scattering Optical Fiber Doped with MgO Nanoparticles for Polarization-Dependent Temperature Sensing. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (15):3107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlo Molardi; Tiago Paixão; Aidana Beisenova; Rui Min; Paulo Antunes; Carlos Marques; Wilfried Blanc; Daniele Tosi. 2019. "Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensors in a High-Scattering Optical Fiber Doped with MgO Nanoparticles for Polarization-Dependent Temperature Sensing." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15: 3107.
A novel approach for fiber optics 3D shape sensing, applicable to mini-invasive bio-medical devices, is presented. The approach exploits the optical backscatter reflectometry (OBR) and an innovative setup that permits the simultaneous spatial multiplexing of an optical fibers parallel. The result is achieved by means of a custom-made enhanced backscattering fiber whose core is doped with MgO-based nanoparticles (NP). This special NP-doped fiber presents a backscattering-level more than 40 dB higher with respect to a standard SMF-28. The fibers parallel is built to avoid overlap between NP-doped fibers belonging to different branches of the parallel, so that the OBR can distinguish the more intense backscattered signal coming from the NP-doped fiber. The system is tested by fixing, with epoxy glue, 4 NP-doped fibers along the length of an epidural needle. Each couple of opposite fibers senses the strain on a perpendicular direction. The needle is inserted in a custom-made phantom that simulates the spine anatomy. The 3D shape sensing is obtained by converting the measured strain in bending and shape deformation.
Aidana Beisenova; Aizhan Issatayeva; Iulian Iordachita; Wilfried Blanc; Carlo Molardi; Daniele Tosi. Distributed fiber optics 3D shape sensing by means of high scattering NP-doped fibers simultaneous spatial multiplexing. Optics Express 2019, 27, 22074 -22087.
AMA StyleAidana Beisenova, Aizhan Issatayeva, Iulian Iordachita, Wilfried Blanc, Carlo Molardi, Daniele Tosi. Distributed fiber optics 3D shape sensing by means of high scattering NP-doped fibers simultaneous spatial multiplexing. Optics Express. 2019; 27 (16):22074-22087.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAidana Beisenova; Aizhan Issatayeva; Iulian Iordachita; Wilfried Blanc; Carlo Molardi; Daniele Tosi. 2019. "Distributed fiber optics 3D shape sensing by means of high scattering NP-doped fibers simultaneous spatial multiplexing." Optics Express 27, no. 16: 22074-22087.
Traditional fiber-optic refractive index (RI) sensors require a reflective or resonant device in fiber (such as a grating, an interferometer, a taper, or a plasmonic device) and a spectral domain detection. In this work, we demonstrate, and experimentally validate, the possibility to fabricate a minimalistic RI sensor, based on the wet-etching of an enhanced backscattering fiber made with a core doped with MgO-based nanoparticles. Interrogation is performed in the length domain, by detecting and correlating the random losses of the fiber with an optical backscatter reflectometer. The sensitivity is 5.25 mm/RIU with 9.6 lm resolution, corresponding to 9.69 ps/RIU.
Sanzhar Korganbayev; Madina Shaimerdenova; Takhmina Ayupova; Marzhan Sypabekova; Aliya Bekmurzayeva; Wilfried Blanc; Carlo Molardi; Daniele Tosi. Refractive Index Sensor by Interrogation of Etched MgO Nanoparticle-Doped Optical Fiber Signature. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 2019, 31, 1253 -1256.
AMA StyleSanzhar Korganbayev, Madina Shaimerdenova, Takhmina Ayupova, Marzhan Sypabekova, Aliya Bekmurzayeva, Wilfried Blanc, Carlo Molardi, Daniele Tosi. Refractive Index Sensor by Interrogation of Etched MgO Nanoparticle-Doped Optical Fiber Signature. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 2019; 31 (15):1253-1256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanzhar Korganbayev; Madina Shaimerdenova; Takhmina Ayupova; Marzhan Sypabekova; Aliya Bekmurzayeva; Wilfried Blanc; Carlo Molardi; Daniele Tosi. 2019. "Refractive Index Sensor by Interrogation of Etched MgO Nanoparticle-Doped Optical Fiber Signature." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 31, no. 15: 1253-1256.