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The existing research on watershed ecological compensation pays less attention to the special basin (without significant relationship between upstream and downstream or the compensation subject and object are distributed on the left and right banks of the basin), which makes the previous research methods difficult to be effectively used. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a new method to solve the problem of ecological compensation in special basin. Taking Taihu Lake Basin (Jiangsu section) as an example, this paper first calculates the ecosystem service value (ESV) of the region from 2005 to 2018, and makes a spatial-temporal analysis; through the construction of land use intensity index system and coupling coordination degree model, the relationship between ESV and land use intensity is explored, and the reasons for its change are explored; finally, this paper constructs a compensation standard accounting model based on GDP, basin area and population, and applies it to the accounting of compensation standard and the identification of compensation subject and object. The results show that: from 2005 to 2018, the land use of this area changed greatly, mainly reflected in farmland and urban land; ESV decreased by 21.41%, which was mainly affected by the change of land use, the downturn of grain market, and farmers' going out to work; the coupling coordination degree of land use intensity and ESV in this area entered the stage of coordinated development from 2010, but the situation of each city was quite different; population, area and GDP have a great influence on compensation subject and object, and compensation standard. This study can not only provide a complete methodology for governments to implement ecological compensation in special basins, and improve the existing ecological compensation theory.
Xin Gao; Juqin Shen; Weijun He; Xu Zhao; Zhichao Li; Weifang Hu; Jingzhe Wang; Yingjie Ren; Xin Zhang. Spatial-temporal analysis of ecosystem services value and research on ecological compensation in Taihu Lake Basin of Jiangsu Province in China from 2005 to 2018. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 317, 128241 .
AMA StyleXin Gao, Juqin Shen, Weijun He, Xu Zhao, Zhichao Li, Weifang Hu, Jingzhe Wang, Yingjie Ren, Xin Zhang. Spatial-temporal analysis of ecosystem services value and research on ecological compensation in Taihu Lake Basin of Jiangsu Province in China from 2005 to 2018. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 317 ():128241.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Gao; Juqin Shen; Weijun He; Xu Zhao; Zhichao Li; Weifang Hu; Jingzhe Wang; Yingjie Ren; Xin Zhang. 2021. "Spatial-temporal analysis of ecosystem services value and research on ecological compensation in Taihu Lake Basin of Jiangsu Province in China from 2005 to 2018." Journal of Cleaner Production 317, no. : 128241.
Decoupling economic growth (EG) from water consumption (WC) is crucial to regional sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the spatial and temporal decoupling of WC and EG, and then to identify the feasible paths for achieving the desired level of decoupling. Firstly, this paper measures the WC of the provincial areas in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) from 2004 to 2017 by using the water footprint (WF) method; Secondly, the decoupling analysis of WF and EG is carried out based on the Tapio decoupling model, furthermore, the spatial autocorrelations of decoupling results are examined by the Moran’s I index with three different spatial weight matrices; Finally, the paths of achieving strong decoupling (SD) of WC and EG are explored by using the static fixed effect regression model. Three main conclusions can be drawn: (1) The WFs of most provincial areas in the YREB show an overall increasing trend and there are huge disparities among the provinces in terms of their WFs; (2) The WF and EG in the YREB are decoupled either strongly or weakly. More SD has been achieved since 2015 in general. No spatial autocorrelations are observed; (3) Reducing the WF as the economy grows is a necessary condition for achieving SD. Moreover, developing water-saving technologies is a key path of achieving SD since it has huge positive impact on WF reduction. In a nutshell, this study provides a novel framework and results that can be used as an evaluation index and policy insights for decoupling EG from WC.
Yang Kong; Weijun He; Liang Yuan; Zhaofang Zhang; Xin Gao; Yu'e Zhao; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu. Decoupling economic growth from water consumption in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China. Ecological Indicators 2021, 123, 107344 .
AMA StyleYang Kong, Weijun He, Liang Yuan, Zhaofang Zhang, Xin Gao, Yu'e Zhao, Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu. Decoupling economic growth from water consumption in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China. Ecological Indicators. 2021; 123 ():107344.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang Kong; Weijun He; Liang Yuan; Zhaofang Zhang; Xin Gao; Yu'e Zhao; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu. 2021. "Decoupling economic growth from water consumption in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China." Ecological Indicators 123, no. : 107344.
As an important system to solve cross regional water pollution, watershed ecological compensation has been widely used in the world. However, the existing studies mainly focus on the governments, while ignoring the important role of polluting enterprises in watershed ecological compensation. Thus, the established watershed ecological compensation mechanism is difficult to implement sustainably. Therefore, taking the local governments and polluting enterprises in the watershed as the research object, and studying the change process and influencing factors of their decision-making behavior is of great significance to attract polluting enterprises to join the watershed ecological compensation, and to formulate a sustainable watershed ecological compensation mechanism to solve the cross regional water pollution. Therefore, based on prospect theory and evolutionary game theory, this paper firstly establishes an evolutionary game model between local governments and polluting enterprises in Taihu Lake Basin; secondly, combined with simulation technology, their decision-making behaviors and influencing factors of watershed ecological compensation are studied. The results show that: (1) The initial probabilities will affect their decision-making behaviors; (2) The ecological compensation fee has little influence on the decision-making behaviors of polluting enterprises; (3) The increase of environmental tax rate has significant influence on the local governments’ decision-making behaviors with low initial probabilities; (4) The improvement of supervision ability can promote local governments and polluting enterprises to reach a stable state faster; (5) The marginal decreasing degree of value function has a stronger influence on local governments than on polluting enterprises. This paper can provide suggestions for local governments to build a sustainable watershed ecological compensation mechanism including polluting enterprises, and provide the scientific basis for decision-makers of polluting enterprises whether to join watershed ecological compensation.
Juqin Shen; Xin Gao; Weijun He; Fuhua Sun; Zhaofang Zhang; Yang Kong; Zhongchi Wan; Xin Zhang; Zhichao Li; Jingzhe Wang; Xiuping Lai. Prospect theory in an evolutionary game: Construction of watershed ecological compensation system in Taihu Lake Basin. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 291, 125929 .
AMA StyleJuqin Shen, Xin Gao, Weijun He, Fuhua Sun, Zhaofang Zhang, Yang Kong, Zhongchi Wan, Xin Zhang, Zhichao Li, Jingzhe Wang, Xiuping Lai. Prospect theory in an evolutionary game: Construction of watershed ecological compensation system in Taihu Lake Basin. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 291 ():125929.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuqin Shen; Xin Gao; Weijun He; Fuhua Sun; Zhaofang Zhang; Yang Kong; Zhongchi Wan; Xin Zhang; Zhichao Li; Jingzhe Wang; Xiuping Lai. 2021. "Prospect theory in an evolutionary game: Construction of watershed ecological compensation system in Taihu Lake Basin." Journal of Cleaner Production 291, no. : 125929.
The Beijing–Tianji–Hebei region (BTHR) is economically developed and densely populated, but its water resources are extremely scarce. A clear understanding of the decoupling relationship between water footprint and economic growth is conducive to facilitating and realizing the coordinated development of water resources and economic growth in this region. This study calculated the water footprint and other related indicators of BTHR from 2004 to 2017, and objectively evaluated the utilization of water resources in the region. Then, logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) method was applied to study the driving factors that resulted in the change of water footprint and their respective effects. Finally, Tapio decoupling model was used to research the decoupling relationships between water footprint and economic growth, and between the driving factors of water footprint and economic growth. There are three main results in this research. (1) The water utilization efficiency in BTHR continues to improve, and the water footprint shows a gradually increasing trend during the research period, among which the agricultural water footprint accounts for a relatively high proportion. (2) The change of water footprint can be attributed to efficiency effect, economic effect, and population effect. Furthermore, efficiency effect is the decisive factor of water footprint reduction and economic effect is the main factor of water footprint increase, while population effect plays a weak role in promoting the increase in water footprint. (3) The decoupling status between water footprint and economic growth show a weak decoupling in most years, while the status between water footprint intensity and economic growth always remains strong decoupling. Moreover, population size and economic growth always show an expansive coupling state. In sum, it is advisable for policy makers to improve water utilization efficiency, especially agricultural irrigation efficiency, to raise residents’ awareness of water conservation, and increase the import of water-intensive products, so as to alleviate water shortage and realize the coordinated development of water resources and economic growth in BTHR.
Yang Kong; Weijun He; Liang Yuan; Juqin Shen; Min An; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Xin Gao; Zhaofang Zhang; Fuhua Sun; Zhongchi Wan. Decoupling Analysis of Water Footprint and Economic Growth: A Case Study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region from 2004 to 2017. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4873 .
AMA StyleYang Kong, Weijun He, Liang Yuan, Juqin Shen, Min An, Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu, Xin Gao, Zhaofang Zhang, Fuhua Sun, Zhongchi Wan. Decoupling Analysis of Water Footprint and Economic Growth: A Case Study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region from 2004 to 2017. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (23):4873.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang Kong; Weijun He; Liang Yuan; Juqin Shen; Min An; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Xin Gao; Zhaofang Zhang; Fuhua Sun; Zhongchi Wan. 2019. "Decoupling Analysis of Water Footprint and Economic Growth: A Case Study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region from 2004 to 2017." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23: 4873.
As a way to coordinate the interests of multi-government and solve the problem of transboundary water pollution, watershed ecological compensation system has been promoted in China. It is necessary to understand the influencing factors of watershed ecological compensation from the perspective of how interactions occur between different governments. This paper analyses the interaction among upstream governments, downstream governments and the central government in the Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, using evolutionary game theory. In particular, how ecological benefits are distributed between upstream and downstream governments is analyzed. Simultaneously, numerical simulation is used to analyze the effects of influencing factors on governments’ behaviors. The results show that: (1) the initial willingness of governments to corporate affect their final behaviors; (2) upstream and downstream governments cannot spontaneously cooperate to implement watershed ecological compensation system without supervision of the central government; (3) opportunity costs only have a significant impact on upstream governments; (4) punishment on downstream governments can effectively influence the behaviors of governments at all levels; (5) high ecological compensation fee improve downstream governments' willness not to pay; (6) upstream governments get about 78% of ecological benefits due to the implementation of watershed ecological compensation system.
Xin Gao; Juqin Shen; Weijun He; Fuhua Sun; Zhaofang Zhang; Weijian Guo; Xin Zhang; Yang Kong. An evolutionary game analysis of governments’ decision-making behaviors and factors influencing watershed ecological compensation in China. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 251, 109592 .
AMA StyleXin Gao, Juqin Shen, Weijun He, Fuhua Sun, Zhaofang Zhang, Weijian Guo, Xin Zhang, Yang Kong. An evolutionary game analysis of governments’ decision-making behaviors and factors influencing watershed ecological compensation in China. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 251 ():109592.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Gao; Juqin Shen; Weijun He; Fuhua Sun; Zhaofang Zhang; Weijian Guo; Xin Zhang; Yang Kong. 2019. "An evolutionary game analysis of governments’ decision-making behaviors and factors influencing watershed ecological compensation in China." Journal of Environmental Management 251, no. : 109592.
Ecological compensation standards and the allocation of compensation funds have always been the core issues of watershed ecological compensation. Due to the construction of the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP), Jiangsu Province has paid a huge cost for the protection of water resources, and local economic development has been greatly affected. Therefore, this paper takes Jiangsu Province, the water source area of the Eastern Route of the SNWTP as an example, and combines a geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing technology, using the ecosystem services value method to calculate the ecosystem services value of Jiangsu Province from 2005 to 2018. Then the change of this ecosystem services value in Jiangsu Province from 2015 to 2018 is taken as the basis for watershed ecological compensation standards of the Eastern Route. Through a compensation fund allocation model, watershed ecological compensation funds are allocated to four cities, Yangzhou, Huai’an, Suqian and Xuzhou, which are located along the Eastern Route of this SNWTP in Jiangsu Province. The results show that: (1) The ecosystem services value of Jiangsu Province has changed greatly. Urbanization and market environment of grain crops are the main reasons for this change; (2) the relationship between ecosystem services in Jiangsu Province is mainly synergistic; (3) Suqian receives US$24.73 million; Huai’an receives US$16.49 million; Yangzhou receives US$54.88 million and Xuzhou receives US$0.95 million in watershed ecological compensation, respectively. Watershed ecological compensation standards based upon the value of ecosystem services, and the allocation of compensation funds at the municipal level, are conducive to the improvement in efficiency of watershed ecological compensation in mainland China.
Xin Gao; Juqin Shen; Weijun He; Fuhua Sun; Zhaofang Zhang; Xin Zhang; Chengcai Zhang; Yang Kong; Min An; Liang Yuan; Xiaocang Xu. Changes in Ecosystem Services Value and Establishment of Watershed Ecological Compensation Standards. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 2951 .
AMA StyleXin Gao, Juqin Shen, Weijun He, Fuhua Sun, Zhaofang Zhang, Xin Zhang, Chengcai Zhang, Yang Kong, Min An, Liang Yuan, Xiaocang Xu. Changes in Ecosystem Services Value and Establishment of Watershed Ecological Compensation Standards. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (16):2951.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Gao; Juqin Shen; Weijun He; Fuhua Sun; Zhaofang Zhang; Xin Zhang; Chengcai Zhang; Yang Kong; Min An; Liang Yuan; Xiaocang Xu. 2019. "Changes in Ecosystem Services Value and Establishment of Watershed Ecological Compensation Standards." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16: 2951.
Excess consumption of water resources and environmental pollution have become major challenges restricting sustainable development in China. In order to prevent the pollution of water resources, policymakers should have reliable emission reduction strategies. This paper aims to contribute new knowledge by analyzing the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving forces of point source emission. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) emission variations in 31 provinces and municipalities of mainland China during the years 2004–2017 are analyzed. The results obtained using the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method indicate that: (1) the COD and NH4-N emission effects have similar temporal characteristics. Technology improvement and pollutant emission intensity are the main factors inhibiting the incremental COD and NH4-N emission effects, while economic development is the main driving factor of COD and NH4-N emission effects. Population increases play a relatively less important role in COD and NH4-N emission effects. (2) The spatial features of COD and NH4-N emission effects show differences among provinces and municipalities. The reduction of COD emission effects in each province and municipality is obviously better than that of NH4-N emissions. (3) In the eastern, central, and the western regions of China, the total COD emission effect shows a downward trend, while apart from the central region, the NH4-N emission effect appears to be rising in the east and west of China. Therefore, increasing investment into pollution treatment, promoting awareness of water conservation, strengthening technological and financial support from the more developed eastern to the less developed central and western regions, can help to reduce the COD and NH4-N emissions in China.
Zhaofang Zhang; Weijun He; Juqin Shen; Min An; Xin Gao; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Liang Yuan; Yang Kong; Chengcai Zhang; Jin Huang. The Driving Forces of Point Source Wastewater Emission: Case Study of COD and NH4-N Discharges in Mainland China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 2556 .
AMA StyleZhaofang Zhang, Weijun He, Juqin Shen, Min An, Xin Gao, Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu, Liang Yuan, Yang Kong, Chengcai Zhang, Jin Huang. The Driving Forces of Point Source Wastewater Emission: Case Study of COD and NH4-N Discharges in Mainland China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (14):2556.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaofang Zhang; Weijun He; Juqin Shen; Min An; Xin Gao; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Liang Yuan; Yang Kong; Chengcai Zhang; Jin Huang. 2019. "The Driving Forces of Point Source Wastewater Emission: Case Study of COD and NH4-N Discharges in Mainland China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14: 2556.
Transboundary water pollution is a long-standing problem in China, although the Chinese government has been committed to the protection of water resources. Due to the different interests of multilevel governments and the regionalization of management, there is still no unified plan to solve the transboundary water pollution in China. Watershed ecological compensation as a holistic plan to deal with transboundary water pollution is being promoted currently. Taking the South-to-North Water Transfer Project’ eastern route as an example, this paper firstly analyses stakeholders’ strategies and establishes a tripartite game model based on evolutionary game theory. Secondly, by introducing Cobb Douglas production function creatively, the supervision level of the central government is refined into supervisory attitude and supervisory skills. Thirdly, the numerical simulation is used to analyze the sensitivity of influencing factors. The results show that: (1) whether the central government supervises the local governments mainly depends on the benefits of water environment improvement and supervision costs; (2) the initial negotiation plan of the stakeholders has a significant impact on their optimum strategies; (3) the fines imposed by the central government on the local governments have a small impact on the stable state of the system; (4) the higher the eco-compensation fee, the lower their likelihood of cooperation; (5) the central government’s supervisory attitude and supervisory skills have significant effect on the sustainability of the optimum arrangement, even when willingness of upstream and downstream governments to cooperate is low; (6) the initial ecological benefits of downstream governments have no effect on the optimum strategy. Therefore, considering these insights is helpful to improve the watershed ecological compensation mechanism in order to solve transboundary water pollution and achieve the sustainability of water resources.
Xin Gao; Juqin Shen; Weijun He; Fuhua Sun; Zhaofang Zhang; Xin Zhang; Liang Yuan; Min An. Multilevel Governments’ Decision-Making Process and Its Influencing Factors in Watershed Ecological Compensation. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1990 .
AMA StyleXin Gao, Juqin Shen, Weijun He, Fuhua Sun, Zhaofang Zhang, Xin Zhang, Liang Yuan, Min An. Multilevel Governments’ Decision-Making Process and Its Influencing Factors in Watershed Ecological Compensation. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):1990.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Gao; Juqin Shen; Weijun He; Fuhua Sun; Zhaofang Zhang; Xin Zhang; Liang Yuan; Min An. 2019. "Multilevel Governments’ Decision-Making Process and Its Influencing Factors in Watershed Ecological Compensation." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 1990.
The sustainable development of socioeconomic and environmental systems are highly dependent on water capital and water utilization efficiency. Nowadays, a significant portion of the world is facing water security issues due to a combination of various factors. As a result, socioeconomic and environmental systems are threatened. China is also currently experiencing problems. Water security assessment helps to identify key determining factors for optimal water utilization, so the authors present the Driving Forces-Pressures-Carrying Capacity-State-Impacts-Responses (DPSCIR) water security assessment framework. Unlike previous methods, the proposed framework incorporates the carrying capacity of the environment, and as a result, yields assessment results that are more realistic. As a case study, the proposed framework coupled with the entropy method is applied to assess the water security status of the One Belt and One Road (B&R) region in China. In addition, the water security level of the provinces and municipalities in this region are simulated for the time period from 2017 to 2022 using the Grey Prediction Model. The results show that Responses, State, Pressures, and Carrying Capacity Subsystems greatly influence water security of the region. According to the assessment, water security of the area improved from 2011 to 2016. The results portray the following trend among the three subregions of the study area, the water security of the 21st Maritime Silk Road (One Road) area is better than Silk Road Economic Belt (One Belt) and the Strategy Support and Pivotal Gateway (SSPG) of B&R areas. Generally, from the evaluation results it can be concluded that only focusing on the subsystem of Responses cannot entirely address the water security problems within the B&R area. Therefore, to ensure sustainable water security in the region and in the country, the government needs to design water resource management mechanisms that take all the subsystems into account.
Zhaofang Zhang; Weijun He; Min An; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Liang Yuan; Juqin Shen; Zaiyi Liao; Xia Wu. Water Security Assessment of China’s One Belt and One Road Region. Water 2019, 11, 607 .
AMA StyleZhaofang Zhang, Weijun He, Min An, Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu, Liang Yuan, Juqin Shen, Zaiyi Liao, Xia Wu. Water Security Assessment of China’s One Belt and One Road Region. Water. 2019; 11 (3):607.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaofang Zhang; Weijun He; Min An; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Liang Yuan; Juqin Shen; Zaiyi Liao; Xia Wu. 2019. "Water Security Assessment of China’s One Belt and One Road Region." Water 11, no. 3: 607.
Water is unevenly distributed globally. This uneven distribution is the reason behind the differences among geographical areas in terms of their water footprint of consumption and production. This gives the global trade of goods a unique feature. This characteristic of the water footprint might be used to address water scarcity and conflicts because water availability also has the same trend. Transboundary river basins are freshwater resources with a high probability of water scarcity and conflict because the water is claimed by multiple sovereign countries. In order to design sharing mechanisms for transboundary river basins that incorporate virtual water concept, it is key to identify the virtual water balance of country-basin units. A study addressing this research gap is not yet available. This article identified and discussed net virtual water importer and exporter sub-basins of transboundary rivers at a country-basin mesh based spatial resolution. The results of our study show that out of the 565 country-basin units surveyed in this article 391, 369, and 461 are net gray, green, and blue virtual water importers respectively. These sub-basins covers 58.37%, 47.52% and 57.52% of the total area covered by transboundary river basins and includes 0.65, 1.9, and around 2 billion people, respectively. The results depict that not only the water endowment of sub-basins is a determining factor for their water footprint of consumption and production, but also their social, economic, and demographic profiles. Furthermore, the water footprint of consumption and production within most of the country-basin units have a global feature. Hence, sustainable water management schemes within border-crossing basins should take into account not only the local but also the global water footprints of consumption and production. This can offer more options for sharing transboundary river basins water capital, thereby minimizing the probability of water scarcity and water conflicts.
Xia Wu; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Liang Yuan; Zaiyi Liao; Weijun He; Min An; Zhaofang Zhang. Assessment of Water Footprints of Consumption and Production in Transboundary River Basins at Country-Basin Mesh-Based Spatial Resolution. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 703 .
AMA StyleXia Wu, Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu, Liang Yuan, Zaiyi Liao, Weijun He, Min An, Zhaofang Zhang. Assessment of Water Footprints of Consumption and Production in Transboundary River Basins at Country-Basin Mesh-Based Spatial Resolution. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (5):703.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXia Wu; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Liang Yuan; Zaiyi Liao; Weijun He; Min An; Zhaofang Zhang. 2019. "Assessment of Water Footprints of Consumption and Production in Transboundary River Basins at Country-Basin Mesh-Based Spatial Resolution." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5: 703.
With population numbers increasing and anthropogenic climate change, the amount of available fresh water is declining. This scenario can lead to an increase in the occurrence of water conflicts, especially in transboundary river basins. Prevention strategies to avert water conflicts by designing a fair, efficient, and sustainable water allocation framework are needed. Taking into account the socioeconomic and environmental differences among the riparian countries is one of the most important features an allocation scheme should have. In this article, bankruptcy and bargaining games were used to construct a new weighted water allocation model. The proposed method was applied to allocate the contested water capital of the Mekong River during the dry season. The Mekong River originates in China and flows through Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The results of the allocation showed that, except for China and Vietnam, all the other riparian countries get their full claim of the water demand from the river. The water allocation payoffs satisfy individual rationality, Pareto optimality, and maximization of the group utility. Therefore, the allocation outputs from the proposed scheme are self-enforceable and sustainable.
Liang Yuan; Weijun He; Zaiyi Liao; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Min An; Zhaofang Zhang; Xia Wu. Allocating Water in the Mekong River Basin during the Dry Season. Water 2019, 11, 400 .
AMA StyleLiang Yuan, Weijun He, Zaiyi Liao, Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu, Min An, Zhaofang Zhang, Xia Wu. Allocating Water in the Mekong River Basin during the Dry Season. Water. 2019; 11 (2):400.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang Yuan; Weijun He; Zaiyi Liao; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Min An; Zhaofang Zhang; Xia Wu. 2019. "Allocating Water in the Mekong River Basin during the Dry Season." Water 11, no. 2: 400.
Water, in most of the transboundary river basins, is a bone of contention among their riparian states. Taking this into account, this article assessed the monthly impact of upstream water withdrawal on the water security of middle stream and downstream sub-basins at a country-basin mesh spatial resolution. Roughly 2.18 billion people in 442 sub-basin areas experience water stress intensification by less than 1% throughout the year. In addition, 2.12 billion people in 336 sub-basin areas experience water stress level change, from no water stress to one of the water stress categories, for at least one month as the result of upstream withdrawal. Even though there is a clear upstream impact in many of the basins, water disputes with severe social, economic, political, and environmental consequences are nonexistent. This might be an indication that grave water disputes are the result of complex socio-economic and political interactions, not merely because of water deficits due to upstream water withdrawal. Therefore, understanding this relationship is crucial in identifying inflection points for water conflicts within transboundary river basins.
Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Zaiyi Liao; Weijun He; Liang Yuan; Min An; Zhaofang Zhang; Wu Xia. The Impact of Upstream Sub-basins’ Water Use on Middle Stream and Downstream Sub-basins’ Water Security at Country-Basin Unit Spatial Scale and Monthly Temporal Resolution. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 450 .
AMA StyleDagmawi Mulugeta Degefu, Zaiyi Liao, Weijun He, Liang Yuan, Min An, Zhaofang Zhang, Wu Xia. The Impact of Upstream Sub-basins’ Water Use on Middle Stream and Downstream Sub-basins’ Water Security at Country-Basin Unit Spatial Scale and Monthly Temporal Resolution. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (3):450.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Zaiyi Liao; Weijun He; Liang Yuan; Min An; Zhaofang Zhang; Wu Xia. 2019. "The Impact of Upstream Sub-basins’ Water Use on Middle Stream and Downstream Sub-basins’ Water Security at Country-Basin Unit Spatial Scale and Monthly Temporal Resolution." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3: 450.
Establishing policies for controlling water pollution through discharge permits creates the basis for emission permit trading. Allocating wastewater discharge permits is a prerequisite to initiating the market. Past research has focused on designing schemes to allocate discharge permits efficiently, but these schemes have ignored differences among regions in terms of emission history. This is unfortunate, as fairness may dictate that areas that have been allowed to pollute in the past will receive fewer permits in the future. Furthermore, the spatial scales of previously proposed schemes are not practical. In this article, we proposed an information entropy improved proportional allocation method, which considers differences in GDP, population, water resources, and emission history at province spatial resolution as a new way to allocate waste water emission permits. The allocation of chemical oxygen demand (COD) among 30 provinces in China is used to illustrate the proposed discharge permit distribution mechanism. In addition, we compared the pollution distribution permits obtained from the proposed allocation scheme with allocation techniques that do not consider historical pollution and with the already established country plan. Our results showed that taking into account emission history as a factor when allocating wastewater discharge permits results in a fair distribution of economic benefits.
Jin Huang; Van Butsic; Weijun He; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Zaiyi Liao; Min An. Historical Accountability for Equitable, Efficient, and Sustainable Allocation of the Right to Emit Wastewater in China. Entropy 2018, 20, 950 .
AMA StyleJin Huang, Van Butsic, Weijun He, Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu, Zaiyi Liao, Min An. Historical Accountability for Equitable, Efficient, and Sustainable Allocation of the Right to Emit Wastewater in China. Entropy. 2018; 20 (12):950.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin Huang; Van Butsic; Weijun He; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Zaiyi Liao; Min An. 2018. "Historical Accountability for Equitable, Efficient, and Sustainable Allocation of the Right to Emit Wastewater in China." Entropy 20, no. 12: 950.
With the rapid economic development, water pollution has become a major concern in China. Understanding the spatial variation of urban wastewater discharge and measuring the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants are prerequisites for rationally designing schemes and infrastructures to control water pollution. Based on the input and output urban wastewater treatment data of the 31 provinces of mainland China for the period 2011–2015, the spatial variation of urban water pollution and the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants were measured and mapped. The exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) model and super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) combined Malmquist index were used to achieve this goal. The following insight was obtained from the results. (1) The intensity of urban wastewater discharge increased, and the urban wastewater discharge showed a spatial agglomeration trend for the period 2011 to 2015. (2) The average inefficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for the study period was 39.2%. The plants’ efficiencies worsened from the eastern to western parts of the country. (3) The main reasons for the low efficiency were the lack of technological upgrade and scale-up. The technological upgrade rate was −4.8%, while the scale efficiency increases as a result of scaling up was −0.2%. Therefore, to improve the wastewater treatment efficiency of the country, the provinces should work together to increase capital investment and technological advancement.
Min An; Weijun He; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Zaiyi Liao; Zhaofang Zhang; Liang Yuan. Spatial Patterns of Urban Wastewater Discharge and Treatment Plants Efficiency in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 1892 .
AMA StyleMin An, Weijun He, Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu, Zaiyi Liao, Zhaofang Zhang, Liang Yuan. Spatial Patterns of Urban Wastewater Discharge and Treatment Plants Efficiency in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (9):1892.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMin An; Weijun He; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Zaiyi Liao; Zhaofang Zhang; Liang Yuan. 2018. "Spatial Patterns of Urban Wastewater Discharge and Treatment Plants Efficiency in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9: 1892.
Urbanization is an engine of economic development, but this process is often constrained by increasingly scarce water resources. A model predicting the drag effect of water consumption on urbanization would be useful for future planning for sustainable water resource utilization and economic growth. Using panel data from 11 provinces in China’s Yangtze River economic belt (YREB) from 2000 to 2015, we apply Romer’s growth drag theory with spatial econometric models to quantitatively analyze the drag effect of water consumption on urbanization. The results show the following. (1) The drag effect of water consumption on urbanization has significant spatial correlation; the spatial Durbin model is the best model to calculate this spatial connection. (2) The spatial coefficient is 0.39 and the drag that is caused by water consumption on urbanization in the YREB is 0.574, which means that when spatial influences are considered, urbanization speed slows by 0.574% due to water consumption constraints. (3) Each region in the YREB has different water consumption patterns and structure; we further calculate each region’s water consumption drag on urbanization. We find that areas with high urbanization levels, like Shanghai (average 84.7%), have a lower water consumption drag effect (0.227), and they can avoid the “resource curse” of water resource constraints. However, some low-level urbanization provinces, like Anhui (average 39.3%), have a higher water consumption drag effect (1.352). (4) Our results indicate that the water drag effect is even greater than the drag effect of coal and land. Therefore, policies to increase urbanization should carefully consider the way that water constraints may limit growth. Likewise, our spatial model indicates that policy makers should work with neighboring provinces and construct an effective regional water cooperation mechanism.
Min An; Van Butsic; Weijun He; Zhaofang Zhang; Teng Qin; Zhengwei Huang; Liang Yuan. Drag Effect of Water Consumption on Urbanization—A Case Study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2015. Water 2018, 10, 1115 .
AMA StyleMin An, Van Butsic, Weijun He, Zhaofang Zhang, Teng Qin, Zhengwei Huang, Liang Yuan. Drag Effect of Water Consumption on Urbanization—A Case Study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2015. Water. 2018; 10 (9):1115.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMin An; Van Butsic; Weijun He; Zhaofang Zhang; Teng Qin; Zhengwei Huang; Liang Yuan. 2018. "Drag Effect of Water Consumption on Urbanization—A Case Study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2015." Water 10, no. 9: 1115.
Currently fresh water scarcity is an issue with huge socio-economic and environmental impacts. Transboundary river and lake basins are among the sources of fresh water facing this challenge. Previous studies measured blue water scarcity at different spatial and temporal resolutions. But there is no global water availability and footprint assessment done at country-basin mesh based spatial and monthly temporal resolutions. In this study we assessed water scarcity at these spatial and temporal resolutions. Our results showed that around 1.6 billion people living within the 328 country-basin units out of the 560 we assessed in this study endures severe water scarcity at least for a month within the year. In addition, 175 country-basin units goes through severe water scarcity for 3–12 months in the year. These sub-basins include nearly a billion people. Generally, the results of this study provide insights regarding the number of people and country-basin units experiencing low, moderate, significant and severe water scarcity at a monthly temporal resolution. These insights might help these basins’ sharing countries to design and implement sustainable water management and sharing schemes.
Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; He Weijun; Liao Zaiyi; Yuan Liang; Huang Zhengwei; An Min. Mapping Monthly Water Scarcity in Global Transboundary Basins at Country-Basin Mesh Based Spatial Resolution. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 1 -10.
AMA StyleDagmawi Mulugeta Degefu, He Weijun, Liao Zaiyi, Yuan Liang, Huang Zhengwei, An Min. Mapping Monthly Water Scarcity in Global Transboundary Basins at Country-Basin Mesh Based Spatial Resolution. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; He Weijun; Liao Zaiyi; Yuan Liang; Huang Zhengwei; An Min. 2018. "Mapping Monthly Water Scarcity in Global Transboundary Basins at Country-Basin Mesh Based Spatial Resolution." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 1-10.
An Min; Weijun He; Juqin Shen; Zhaofang Zhang; Wu Xia; Christopher N. Dunn; Brian Van Weele. Cooperation Stability Analysis of Trans-Boundary Water Pollution Governance Based on KMRW Reputation Model. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017 2017, 643 -657.
AMA StyleAn Min, Weijun He, Juqin Shen, Zhaofang Zhang, Wu Xia, Christopher N. Dunn, Brian Van Weele. Cooperation Stability Analysis of Trans-Boundary Water Pollution Governance Based on KMRW Reputation Model. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017. 2017; ():643-657.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAn Min; Weijun He; Juqin Shen; Zhaofang Zhang; Wu Xia; Christopher N. Dunn; Brian Van Weele. 2017. "Cooperation Stability Analysis of Trans-Boundary Water Pollution Governance Based on KMRW Reputation Model." World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017 , no. : 643-657.
The Mekong River is the dominant geo-hydrological structure in mainland Southeast Asia, originating in China and flowing through or bordering Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. With increasing economic development and raising water demand the possibility of water conflict could increase in transboundary river basins. This is the case in the Lancing-Mekong River Basin in recent years, especially during the dry season. More and more scholars are paying attention to build stable, equitable, and environmentally sustainable water allocation method that supports the socio-economic development in transboundary river basins. In this research the authors use the bankruptcy and game theory to construct a new cooperation bankruptcy bargaining game model to allocate water resources. The results of this study could provide ways which could help water allocation and avoid water conflicts in transboundary river basins.
Liang Yuan; Weijun He; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Zaiyi Liao; Xia Wu. Water Allocation Model in the Lancing-Mekong River Basin Based on Bankruptcy Theory and Bargaining Game. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleLiang Yuan, Weijun He, Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu, Zaiyi Liao, Xia Wu. Water Allocation Model in the Lancing-Mekong River Basin Based on Bankruptcy Theory and Bargaining Game. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang Yuan; Weijun He; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Zaiyi Liao; Xia Wu. 2017. "Water Allocation Model in the Lancing-Mekong River Basin Based on Bankruptcy Theory and Bargaining Game." World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017 , no. : 1.
Liang Yuan; Weijun He; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Zaiyi Liao; Xia Wu; Christopher N. Dunn; Brian Van Weele. Water Allocation Model in the Lancing-Mekong River Basin Based on Bankruptcy Theory and Bargaining Game. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017 2017, 78 -92.
AMA StyleLiang Yuan, Weijun He, Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu, Zaiyi Liao, Xia Wu, Christopher N. Dunn, Brian Van Weele. Water Allocation Model in the Lancing-Mekong River Basin Based on Bankruptcy Theory and Bargaining Game. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017. 2017; ():78-92.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang Yuan; Weijun He; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Zaiyi Liao; Xia Wu; Christopher N. Dunn; Brian Van Weele. 2017. "Water Allocation Model in the Lancing-Mekong River Basin Based on Bankruptcy Theory and Bargaining Game." World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017 , no. : 78-92.