This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Despite its pivotal role in European trade, today’s short sea shipping (SSS) industry faces the dual challenge of lessening its environmental footprint while improving its economic performance. To reduce the pollution caused by their operations, SSS companies are required to comply with increasingly stringent environmental regulations enacted by global and regional authorities such as the European Union and the International Maritime Organization. However, the companies tend to regard those regulations as imposing an additional burden of cost that compromises their capacity to enhance their economic performance. This paper examines the impact of external institutional driver namely regulatory pressure on the adoption of green innovations in SSS and in turn, the impact of those innovations on the environmental and economic performance of SSS companies. To investigate the hypothesised relationships of those constructs, a structural equation model was developed and tested with data from a survey conducted amongst 101 short sea shipping companies headquartered in Europe. As detailed in the paper, the analysis revealed that regulatory pressure has generated green innovations that have enhanced the environmental and economic performance of European SSS companies and, as a result, led to a win–win situation for all parties involved. The paper discusses what those findings imply for SSS firm managers and policymakers who seek to improve the environmental or economic performance of Europe’s SSS industry.
Zeeshan Raza. Effects of regulation-driven green innovations on short sea shipping's environmental and economic performance. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2020, 84, 102340 .
AMA StyleZeeshan Raza. Effects of regulation-driven green innovations on short sea shipping's environmental and economic performance. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2020; 84 ():102340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZeeshan Raza. 2020. "Effects of regulation-driven green innovations on short sea shipping's environmental and economic performance." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 84, no. : 102340.
Modal shift from road haulage to short sea shipping (SSS) has been advocated by authorities and researchers for more than two decades. This paper provides a review of literature on modal shift and pinpoints paths for future research on topics in six categories: (1) factors influencing SSS competitiveness, (2) the policy-oriented perspective, (3) environmental legislation, (4) SSS performance, (5) port characteristics, and (6) the multi-agent perspective. In particular, we propose first, in evaluating the performance of SSS versus road haulage in different trade corridors, three performance-related dimensions – the economic dimension (e.g. external costs), the environmental dimension, and the dimension of service quality – should be considered. Second, researchers should use rich, real-world, numerical data and operational research techniques to identify the relative importance of individual drivers and barriers for a modal shift from road haulage to SSS. Third proposed direction is related to assessing which groups of actors certain policies should target. In doing so, researchers should extend their policy-related focus beyond the European Union, which has long encompassed the major geopolitical scope of research on the modal shift. Fourth, to moderate the adverse impact of environmental legislation on SSS, strategic solutions need to be identified. Fifth, we also suggest that the influence of contingencies, particularly port strikes and cyberattacks, on SSS operations and approaches for managing them should be investigated. Sixth, the economic and financial advantages of coordination and alliance for each transport chain agent need to be evaluated.
Zeeshan Raza; Martin Svanberg; Bart Wiegmans. Modal shift from road haulage to short sea shipping: a systematic literature review and research directions. Transport Reviews 2020, 40, 382 -406.
AMA StyleZeeshan Raza, Martin Svanberg, Bart Wiegmans. Modal shift from road haulage to short sea shipping: a systematic literature review and research directions. Transport Reviews. 2020; 40 (3):382-406.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZeeshan Raza; Martin Svanberg; Bart Wiegmans. 2020. "Modal shift from road haulage to short sea shipping: a systematic literature review and research directions." Transport Reviews 40, no. 3: 382-406.
Roll on–roll off (RoRo) shipping represents a maritime segment that could easily form part of an intermodal transport system, as cargo does not need to be lifted in ports; it is ‘rolled’ to and from sea. This paper investigates the operation of RoRo shipping services in Northern Europe, focusing on a set of services chartered by a major shipper whose demand has a great impact on the service design, potentially affecting the frequency of departures and even stipulating the use of specific vessels. The case of cooperation between Stora Enso, a major forest company in Sweden and Finland, and the shipping company Swedish Orient Line (SOL) is analysed, giving some insight into the way these RoRo services operate and manage to integrate successfully into sustainable intermodal transport chains. Despite various initiatives taken by different stakeholders, the level of integration of shipping in intermodal transport chains has been quite slow. This paper’s results could contribute to the identification of barriers that prevent RoRo shipping from being a viable alternative to road transport for certain transport routes and assist in the discovery of policies and incentives that could lead to developing sustainable intermodal transport chains.
Anastasia Christodoulou; Zeeshan Raza; Johan Woxenius. The Integration of RoRo Shipping in Sustainable Intermodal Transport Chains: The Case of a North European RoRo Service. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2422 .
AMA StyleAnastasia Christodoulou, Zeeshan Raza, Johan Woxenius. The Integration of RoRo Shipping in Sustainable Intermodal Transport Chains: The Case of a North European RoRo Service. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (8):2422.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnastasia Christodoulou; Zeeshan Raza; Johan Woxenius. 2019. "The Integration of RoRo Shipping in Sustainable Intermodal Transport Chains: The Case of a North European RoRo Service." Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2422.
The Southern African Development Community (SADC) region is an economic community comprised of 16 countries in Southern Africa with a goal to achieve development, peace, security, and economic growth. Developing the regional freight transport system is essential for accomplishing these objectives. This paper investigates the potential of short sea shipping (SSS) in an African context, highlighting policy initiatives related to SSS development and identifying barriers and enablers of SSS to support international trade in the SADC region. According to our findings, SSS has the theoretical potential to work in the SADC given the large geographic region, projected freight volumes, and customs and trade policies the SADC region is pursuing. Such a system would have three main roles: to offer unimodal freight transport between port cities, to offer the main leg of an intermodal route, and to offer feeder services to deep sea shipping in a hub-and-spoke cycle. However, freight transport in the SADC region has a number of shortfalls that need to be addressed—of note, port competitiveness, customs provisions, and policies for intra-regional trade require impetus. Additional work is required in terms of policy to support SSS. Furthermore, considering the importance of synergies, the role of policy makers in improving trust, and developing cooperation among transport chain members needs to be explored.
Abisai Konstantinus; Mark Zuidgeest; Anastasia Christodoulou; Zeeshan Raza; Johan Woxenius. Barriers and Enablers for Short Sea Shipping in the Southern African Development Community. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1532 .
AMA StyleAbisai Konstantinus, Mark Zuidgeest, Anastasia Christodoulou, Zeeshan Raza, Johan Woxenius. Barriers and Enablers for Short Sea Shipping in the Southern African Development Community. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (6):1532.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbisai Konstantinus; Mark Zuidgeest; Anastasia Christodoulou; Zeeshan Raza; Johan Woxenius. 2019. "Barriers and Enablers for Short Sea Shipping in the Southern African Development Community." Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1532.
Many geographically peripheral member states of the EU are critically dependent on short sea Roll-on/Roll-off (RoRo) and mixed freight–passenger (RoPax) shipping services for intra-European trade. The implementation of the Sulfur Emission Control Area (SECA) regulation was expected to raise the operating cost for RoRo and RoPax shipping, and slow steaming was proposed as an immediate solution to save the increased cost. Previous research has investigated the issue of slow steaming and SECA using a quantitative approach. However, the reaction of the RoRo and RoPax shipping firms toward slow steaming as a mitigating factor in the face of expected additional SECA compliance costs using qualitative methodology has not been explored yet. In addition, the knowledge regarding the impact of slow steaming on the competitiveness of short sea RoRo and RoPax with respect to service quality is limited. This article has addressed these issues through the analysis of multiple cases focusing on RoRo and RoPax firms operating in the North and Baltic Seas. Overall, our findings suggest that the 0.1% SECA regulation of 2015 requiring the use of higher-priced MGO has not caused slow steaming in the RoRo and RoPax segments to a large extent. The increased bunker prices are partially transferred to the customers via increased Bunker Adjustment Factor and partly borne by the shipowners. We have found that out of 11 case firms in our study only one RoRo and one RoPax firm have reduced vessel speeds to compensate for the additional SECA compliance costs. We conclude that for RoPax and RoRo segment bunker prices, rigorous competition and, most important, different service quality requirements have significantly restricted the potential implementation of slow steaming.
Zeeshan Raza; Johan Woxenius; Christian Finnsgård. Slow Steaming as Part of SECA Compliance Strategies among RoRo and RoPax Shipping Companies. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1435 .
AMA StyleZeeshan Raza, Johan Woxenius, Christian Finnsgård. Slow Steaming as Part of SECA Compliance Strategies among RoRo and RoPax Shipping Companies. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1435.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZeeshan Raza; Johan Woxenius; Christian Finnsgård. 2019. "Slow Steaming as Part of SECA Compliance Strategies among RoRo and RoPax Shipping Companies." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1435.