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Sharifah R. Wan Alwi
School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

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Journal article
Published: 12 July 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The concept of industrial symbiosis that promotes energy/material exchanges among different industrial enterprises has received growing attention. Industrial symbiosis synergistically engages traditionally separate entities to gain competitive advantages and efficiency in the consumption and utilisation of resources, utilities and wastes. Process integration is a powerful tool to optimise processes and identify scope for industrial symbiosis. Numerous studies have investigated the application of process integration in regard to the management of material resources. Previous works to guide systematic industrial symbiosis planning has only focused on low-carbon emission sites. There is a need to develop a systematic guideline for industrial site planners to use for the systematic planning of integrated industrial sites that also considers other resources such as waste and water. This research presents a framework for the systematic planning of an integrated industrial site using process integration tools. The framework comprises eight main stages and includes six process integration tools to systematically guide the planning and design of industrial sites to minimise energy, water, waste and emissions. A 95.58% reduction of waste disposal through landfilling, a 33.4% reduction in carbon emissions from waste disposal, a 45.70% reduction in steam, a 27.48% cooling water savings, 100% power reduction, a 49.10% reduction in CO2 emissions, 100% fresh CO2 savings, and a 100% freshwater savings for water headers 1 and 2 are obtained from the case study applying the framework proposed. The framework application will provide insights on how all the utilities and materials streams in the involving industries can be comprehensively integrated, hence reducing the need for fresh resources and promoting sustainability.

ACS Style

Kar Wei Ch'Ng; Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Wai Shin Ho; Peng Yen Liew; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Siti Fatimah Sa'Ad; Mohd Arif Misrol; Musa Lawal. A framework of resource conservation process integration for eco-industrial site planning. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 316, 128268 .

AMA Style

Kar Wei Ch'Ng, Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Wai Shin Ho, Peng Yen Liew, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Siti Fatimah Sa'Ad, Mohd Arif Misrol, Musa Lawal. A framework of resource conservation process integration for eco-industrial site planning. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 316 ():128268.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kar Wei Ch'Ng; Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Wai Shin Ho; Peng Yen Liew; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Siti Fatimah Sa'Ad; Mohd Arif Misrol; Musa Lawal. 2021. "A framework of resource conservation process integration for eco-industrial site planning." Journal of Cleaner Production 316, no. : 128268.

Original paper
Published: 08 July 2021 in Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy
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In the 7th Agenda of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, sustainable energy is one of the main interests and it should be renewable. Biogas is considered as one of the renewable sources of energy. In maximizing biogas production, the challenge is to establish feasible processes considering multiple factors as it can be produced from more than one type of feedstock. In this study, the biogas production's potential is assessed at the district level of Johor Bahru, Malaysia, through mathematical modelling approach. The potential feedstocks include food waste, wet market waste, domestic wastewater, agricultural waste, and animal waste. Landfill gas collection is also considered as the gas will be mixed with the anaerobic digester biogas in a centralized facility mode. The availability of the sources is based on the literature and the associated government departments. Multiple options of end-use of the biogas are considered. Apart from the techno-economic parameters regarding the involved processes, the collection and pre-processing costs of the applicable feedstocks are also considered. 14.5 MW of renewable electricity and 25 t/h of steam can be generated through the processes indicated by the optimal solution of the mixed-integer nonlinear integer model. Collection, transportation, pre-processing costs of the applicable organic wastes, and the end-use technology costs are the critical items that contribute significantly pertaining the project’s economics. The study’s result provides practical insight into how the proposed idea can be implemented in the real world.

ACS Style

Mohd Arif Misrol; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Jeng Shiun Lim; Zainuddin Abd Manan. Biogas production from multiple feedstock at the district-level centralized facility for multiple end-use options: a case study in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2021, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Mohd Arif Misrol, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jeng Shiun Lim, Zainuddin Abd Manan. Biogas production from multiple feedstock at the district-level centralized facility for multiple end-use options: a case study in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. 2021; ():1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohd Arif Misrol; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Jeng Shiun Lim; Zainuddin Abd Manan. 2021. "Biogas production from multiple feedstock at the district-level centralized facility for multiple end-use options: a case study in Johor Bahru, Malaysia." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy , no. : 1-18.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The concept of circular economy has received much attention due to growing global concern on resource depletion and environmental protection. There are studies to minimize freshwater reduction via mathematical modelling methods. However, study to explore possibilities of combining both domestic and industrial wastewater regeneration, reuse, and resource recovery in a centralized facility is yet to be made. This study develops a non-linear programming (NLP) model that could optimize water regeneration and reuse network, as well as biogas generation from the selected wastewater streams. The main objective is to maximize profit from the network established. A superstructure that consists of sources, regeneration units, outsourced water, freshwater, mixers-demands, and biogas systems is developed. The sources are from domestic and industrial wastewaters. A combination of the sources, regenerated sources, outsource water, and freshwater is performed in the mixers, subject to the demands’ flowrate and contaminant properties, namely Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Nitrogen (N), and Phosphorus (P). The formulations also incorporate the techno-economic elements such as mass balance and equipment cost. The processing fee and selling price items are also introduced in the model to ensure that the participants (the sources providers, the centralized water utility facility provider, and the demands) obtain benefits from the integration works. The case study results show that the reused water can be mixed with the freshwater for the boiler feed water and cooling water application with a total supply of 656 m3/h. Connection cost and nanofiltration (NF) cost contribute in a relatively large portion of the annual cost. The selling price of the supplied water is the most important factor that determines the overall systems’ economics compared to other items. The annual profit obtained is USD 1,015,784 and the payback period obtained is 3.13 years. Total freshwater consumption is reduced by 34%. This model provides insights on how both domestic and industrial wastewaters can be symbiotically integrated in a centralized facility.

ACS Style

Mohd Arif Misrol; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Jeng Shiun Lim; Zainuddin Abd Manan. An optimal resource recovery of biogas, water regeneration, and reuse network integrating domestic and industrial sources. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 286, 125372 .

AMA Style

Mohd Arif Misrol, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jeng Shiun Lim, Zainuddin Abd Manan. An optimal resource recovery of biogas, water regeneration, and reuse network integrating domestic and industrial sources. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 286 ():125372.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohd Arif Misrol; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Jeng Shiun Lim; Zainuddin Abd Manan. 2020. "An optimal resource recovery of biogas, water regeneration, and reuse network integrating domestic and industrial sources." Journal of Cleaner Production 286, no. : 125372.

Review
Published: 26 October 2020 in Water
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Water use within power supply chains has been frequently investigated. A unified framework to quantify the water use of power supply chains deserves more development. This article provides an overview of the water footprint and virtual water incorporated into power supply chains. A water-use mapping model of the power supply chain is proposed in order to map the analysed research works according to the considered aspects. The distribution of water footprint per power generation technology per region is illustrated, in which Asia is characterised by the largest variation of the water footprint in hydro-, solar, and wind power. A broader consensus on the system boundary for the water footprint evaluation is needed. The review also concludes that the water footprint of power estimated by a top-down approach is usually higher and more accurate. A consistent virtual water accounting framework for power supply chains is still lacking. Water scarcity risks could increase through domestic and global power trade. This review provides policymakers with insights on integrating water and energy resources in order to achieve sustainable development for power supply chains. For future work, it is essential to identify the responsibilities of both the supply and demand sides to alleviate the water stress.

ACS Style

Like Wang; Yee Van Fan; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Water Footprints and Virtual Water Flows Embodied in the Power Supply Chain. Water 2020, 12, 3006 .

AMA Style

Like Wang, Yee Van Fan, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Water Footprints and Virtual Water Flows Embodied in the Power Supply Chain. Water. 2020; 12 (11):3006.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Like Wang; Yee Van Fan; Petar Sabev Varbanov; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. 2020. "Water Footprints and Virtual Water Flows Embodied in the Power Supply Chain." Water 12, no. 11: 3006.

Review
Published: 22 September 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Sustainability and Industrial Ecology (IE) are the main drivers of industrial symbiosis (InSys) and eco-industrial parks (EIPs). InSys, therefore, extends the idea of industrial ecology (IE) to the industrial sector by adopting a resource-efficient approach where one firm uses the unused or residual resources (materials, energy, water, assets, logistics, and expertise) of another firm. The aim is to enhance a sustainable and cleaner production in an environmentally friendly way, one in which generation of wastes and emission of greenhouse gases (including CO2) is minimized. Although previous literatures have investigated existing InSys tools, the utilization of the process integration (PI) tools for InSys design and planning has mostly operated in isolation of each other and thus concentrated on individual resources which makes the it hard for InSys designers to select the best tools. Furthermore, there is a dearth in research on comprehensive and integrated resource optimization, which considers the integration of all resources (such as energy, water, power, carbon and wastes) within InSys simultaneously. Therefore, this study investigated and surveyed available literatures in order to identify and develop a more comprehensive description of InSys tools, through the analysis of related methodologies and applications by integration of various resources optimization tools together for the design and establishment of EIPs. The tools are inclusive of both insight-based Pinch Analysis and mathematical optimization models approaches. The review also conducted a bibliometric analysis of some keywords using Scopus over a span of twenty-two years (1998-2019). Through the insights and understanding gained from the review, designers will be more equipped to make a more informed choice of working tools to utilize. Finally, suggestions were offered on some tools that will enhance the integration of eco-industrial parks to minimize fresh water/wastewater, minimize fuel use and reduce GHGs emissions and the minimization of cooling, heating and power requirements in Total Sites. The review of integrated resource optimization tools is then followed by identifying future research directions and development.

ACS Style

Musa Lawal; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Wai Shin Ho. Industrial symbiosis tools—A review. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 280, 124327 .

AMA Style

Musa Lawal, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Wai Shin Ho. Industrial symbiosis tools—A review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 280 ():124327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Musa Lawal; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Wai Shin Ho. 2020. "Industrial symbiosis tools—A review." Journal of Cleaner Production 280, no. : 124327.

Journal article
Published: 24 August 2020 in Energy
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Heat exchanger network (HEN), which is designed to achieve the maximum energy recovery (MER) involves the integration and interactions of multiple process streams. In a plant, the system operation may experience various disturbances such as changes in supply temperature and flowrates. Small disturbances on one stream can affect other connecting streams. To manage these disturbances, the process to process and utility heat exchangers with bypass streams installation are typically overdesigned, leading to higher capital investment. This study presents the cost optimisation of flexible MER HEN design which considers the fluctuation probability using Break-Even Analysis (BEA). Stream data is extracted for the Pinch study and assessment for flexibility and MER was performed. The MER heat exchanger maximum size (MER-HEM) able to handle the most critical supply temperature fluctuations while minimising the utility consumption is calculated. However, the overdesign factor can affect the total annualised cost (TAC) at a certain probability of fluctuation occurrence. Besides that, the fluctuations experienced by the stream can result in the utility increasing or decreasing. Therefore, the MER heat exchanger original size (MER-HEO) is favoured when the fluctuation resulted in the utility cost increasing. The BEA is performed to determine the probability that results in high savings of the TAC and developed an optimal HEN design of MER-HEM or MER-HEO. The break-even point (BEP) from BEA indicate the exact fluctuation probability at which the TAC of MER-HEM and MER-HEO is the same. A case study with fluctuation probability over one-year operation is used to demonstrate the methodology. Application of the proposed methodology on the case study shows that the optimum size of heat exchanger can be determined and the additional savings of TAC can be achieved.

ACS Style

Ainur Munirah Hafizan; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abd Manan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Mohd Kamaruddin Abd Hamid. Design of optimal heat exchanger network with fluctuation probability using break-even analysis. Energy 2020, 212, 118583 .

AMA Style

Ainur Munirah Hafizan, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abd Manan, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Mohd Kamaruddin Abd Hamid. Design of optimal heat exchanger network with fluctuation probability using break-even analysis. Energy. 2020; 212 ():118583.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ainur Munirah Hafizan; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abd Manan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Mohd Kamaruddin Abd Hamid. 2020. "Design of optimal heat exchanger network with fluctuation probability using break-even analysis." Energy 212, no. : 118583.

Journal article
Published: 16 August 2020 in Computers & Chemical Engineering
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Since the early 90’s, Composite Curves (CC) and the Grid Diagram (GD) have been among the most popular graphical tools for targeting and design of Mass Exchange Networks (MEN) based on Pinch Analysis technique. However, CC has limitations since it maps rich and lean streams based on composites instead of individual streams on the composition versus mass load (y-M) diagram. Hence, it cannot directly be used for network design. The network design needs to be developed separately using sets of design criteria. This paper presents Stream Composition versus Mass Load Plot (SCMP) as new graphical approach for simultaneous MEN targeting and network design to overcome limitations of CC and GD. The SCMP shows the pinch point, maximum mass recovery, and the minimum Mass Separating Agent (MSA) targets. The network design to achieve these targets can be obtained by graphically translating the SCMP curves into Mass Allocation Network and Targeting (MANT) diagram.

ACS Style

Yanwarizal Yanwariza; Wasiu A. Oladosu; Sharifah R. Wan Alwi; Zainuddin A. Manan; Duncan Fraser. A new graphical approach for simultaneous targeting and design of mass exchange networks. Computers & Chemical Engineering 2020, 142, 107061 .

AMA Style

Yanwarizal Yanwariza, Wasiu A. Oladosu, Sharifah R. Wan Alwi, Zainuddin A. Manan, Duncan Fraser. A new graphical approach for simultaneous targeting and design of mass exchange networks. Computers & Chemical Engineering. 2020; 142 ():107061.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanwarizal Yanwariza; Wasiu A. Oladosu; Sharifah R. Wan Alwi; Zainuddin A. Manan; Duncan Fraser. 2020. "A new graphical approach for simultaneous targeting and design of mass exchange networks." Computers & Chemical Engineering 142, no. : 107061.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2020 in Energy
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Maximising energy efficiency is essential for an energy system based on renewable or non-renewable energy sources to minimise fuel demand. Process Integration methodologies for specific energy types (thermal and power) have been well developed in recent years for enhancing energy efficiency. However, the interaction between different types of energy (thermal and power) within a single system could be more deeply studied to achieve the ultimate goal of maximising energy and exergy efficiency. This research work extends the previously developed Locally Integrated Energy Sector (LIES) concept, which integrates the energy systems (thermal and power) of industrial, commercial and residential buildings with thermal energy storage and batteries. The LIES concept aims to reduce overall energy consumption and to enhance overall energy efficiency and power cogeneration. In the present paper, a comprehensive targeting framework is introduced for designing and optimising a combined energy system using a Process Integration (i.e. Pinch Analysis) approach. Steam turbines connect the thermal and power systems, which, in this case, the turbines generate power from waste heat. The on-grid and off-grid power supply options are also considered in this framework. The case study concludes that the lowest energy cost system requires a heat storage systems with let-down in between, power cogeneration from waste heat (i.e. surplus heat below the TS Pinch), Power Pinch Analysis, battery storage and on-grid power supply. The results for the case study show that the overall energy cost of the optimised system is 52% lower than the base case without integration. In this energy system, however, it has been found that the increment of energy efficiency for the steam (thermal energy) system might lead to lower overall energy efficiency and higher total operating cost. This situation happens when there is a lower amount of waste heat available.

ACS Style

Peoy Ying Lee; Peng Yen Liew; Timothy Gordon Walmsley; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Total Site Heat and Power Integration for Locally Integrated Energy Sectors. Energy 2020, 204, 117959 .

AMA Style

Peoy Ying Lee, Peng Yen Liew, Timothy Gordon Walmsley, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. Total Site Heat and Power Integration for Locally Integrated Energy Sectors. Energy. 2020; 204 ():117959.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peoy Ying Lee; Peng Yen Liew; Timothy Gordon Walmsley; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. 2020. "Total Site Heat and Power Integration for Locally Integrated Energy Sectors." Energy 204, no. : 117959.

Journal article
Published: 05 May 2020 in Energy
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Recent developments of Pinch-based heat exchanger network (HEN) retrofit methodologies mainly focus on improvement of HENs, and much less on seeking opportunities to enhance energy efficiency of processes via process and utility changes. Conventionally, Pinch-based retrofit methodologies employ Composite Curves (CC) and Grand Composite Curve (GCC) to screen for process changes opportunities. However, CC and GCC cannot directly indicate the specific individual process and utility streams to undergo process changes as the streams are composited within the CC and GCC. This work extends the use of individual stream temperature versus enthalpy plot (STEP) to enable designers to scope, screen and selectively customise structural and parametric process and utility changes for existing HENs. STEP diagram can be used to graphically customise retrofit options involving beneficial process utility changes for an existing HEN, and improve overall process energy efficiency. Application of STEP diagram on an illustrative case study and an existing crude oil refinery plant show that STEP diagram enables a designer to graphically pinpoint the exact individual process streams to undergo process and utility changes based on the individual stream profile and to determine the optimal load and levels of multiple utilities required, as well as the limit of process changes that can be performed. Results of this work show that on top of performing HEN retrofit, customised process and utility changes can result in an additional 18.4% hot utility reduction.

ACS Style

Yee Qing Lai; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan. Graphical customisation of process and utility changes for heat exchanger network retrofit using individual stream temperature versus enthalpy plot. Energy 2020, 203, 117766 .

AMA Style

Yee Qing Lai, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan. Graphical customisation of process and utility changes for heat exchanger network retrofit using individual stream temperature versus enthalpy plot. Energy. 2020; 203 ():117766.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yee Qing Lai; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan. 2020. "Graphical customisation of process and utility changes for heat exchanger network retrofit using individual stream temperature versus enthalpy plot." Energy 203, no. : 117766.

Journal article
Published: 03 May 2020 in Energy
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To reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) impact while sustaining palm oil mill (POM) profitability, Malaysia has recognised POME-derived biogas as a renewable energy. Biogas utilisation for on-site fuel replacement and grid electricity contribution is encouraged by government schemes such as Feed-in-tariff (FiT). Nevertheless, adoption rate of biogas facility is still low among Malaysian POMs. An integrated palm-oil based complex (POBC) was proposed for GHG mitigation by integrating POM and refinery processes while addressing sustainability concerns. This study presented a multi-objective optimisation model-based approach to aid POBC planning at maximised economic potential and net energy, while minimising its GHG emission, water footprint (WFP) and land footprint (LFP) for environment protection. Trade-offs between biogas recovery and POME elimination strategies were considered. The developed fuzzy model was applied to case study and analysed under different multi-objective scenarios. In comparison with baseline study, the economic potential of sustainable POBC increase by 6.7% at USD 39.31 × 106 with 88%, 74% and 91% improvements in GHG footprint, WFP and LFP by compromising 76% net energy. Effect of FiT revenue towards POBC synthesis was investigated. Pareto front was generated to verify the fuzzy results and visualise the relationship between objective functions. The optimisation model and optimal results shall provide input to Malaysian POMs on the sustainability benefits of POBC.

ACS Style

Yue Dian Tan; Jeng Shiun Lim; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi. Multi-objective optimal design for integrated palm oil mill complex with consideration of effluent elimination. Energy 2020, 202, 117767 .

AMA Style

Yue Dian Tan, Jeng Shiun Lim, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi. Multi-objective optimal design for integrated palm oil mill complex with consideration of effluent elimination. Energy. 2020; 202 ():117767.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue Dian Tan; Jeng Shiun Lim; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi. 2020. "Multi-objective optimal design for integrated palm oil mill complex with consideration of effluent elimination." Energy 202, no. : 117767.

Journal article
Published: 19 April 2020 in Energies
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The energy and power sectors are critical sectors, especially as energy demands rise every year. Increasing energy demand will lead to an increase in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Improving the thermal efficiency of conventional power systems is one way to reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions. The previous study has developed a new methodology called Trigeneration System Cascade Analysis (TriGenSCA) to optimise the sizing of power, heating, and cooling in a trigeneration system for a Total Site system. However, the method only considered a single period on heating and cooling demands. In industrial applications, there are also batches, apart from continuous plants. The multi-period is added in the analysis to meet the time constraints in batch plants. This paper proposes the development of an optimal trigeneration system based on the Pinch Analysis (PA) methodology by minimizing cooling, heating, and power requirements, taking into account energy variations in the total site energy system. The procedure involves seven steps, which include data extraction, identification of time slices, Problem Table Algorithm, Multiple Utility Problem Table Algorithm, Total Site Problem Table Algorithm, TriGenSCA, and Trigeneration Storage Cascade Table (TriGenSCT). An illustrative case study is constructed by considering the trigeneration Pressurized Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plant (PWR NPP) and four industrial plants in a Total Site system. Based on the case study, the base fuel of the trigeneration PWR NPP requires 14 t of Uranium-235 to an average demand load of 93 GWh/d. The results of trigeneration PWR NPP with and without the integration of the Total Site system is compared and proven that trigeneration PWR NPP with integration is a suitable technology that can save up to 0.2% of the equivalent annual cost and 1.4% of energy compared to trigeneration PWR NPP without integration.

ACS Style

Khairulnadzmi Jamaluddin; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Khaidzir Hamzah; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. A Numerical Pinch Analysis Methodology for Optimal Sizing of a Centralized Trigeneration System with Variable Energy Demands. Energies 2020, 13, 2038 .

AMA Style

Khairulnadzmi Jamaluddin, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Khaidzir Hamzah, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. A Numerical Pinch Analysis Methodology for Optimal Sizing of a Centralized Trigeneration System with Variable Energy Demands. Energies. 2020; 13 (8):2038.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khairulnadzmi Jamaluddin; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Khaidzir Hamzah; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. 2020. "A Numerical Pinch Analysis Methodology for Optimal Sizing of a Centralized Trigeneration System with Variable Energy Demands." Energies 13, no. 8: 2038.

Chapter
Published: 29 March 2020 in Food-Energy-Water Nexus Resilience and Sustainable Development
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This chapter aims to present an optimization-based systematic framework to design an integrated palm oil based complex (POBC) with food-energy-water nexus (FEW) integrations. With gaining interest in the FEW nexus for sustainability improvement, the oil palm sector with great possibilities of integration between food, energy, and water resources, requires significant attention especially in palm oil exporting countries such as Malaysia. Besides the palm-based biofuel production system and biomass supply chain planning, the optimal strategy for palm oil mill effluent (POME) management is in need of a trade-off evaluation between food, energy, and water security. Although nationally, biogas capture and composting are encouraged to achieve methane mitigated POME management in Malaysian palm oil mills (POM), the slow implementation pace reflects the need for providing alternative options. Therefore, a new conceptual zone of the palm oil processing complex, termed POBC, is proposed considering POME elimination as one of the POME management approaches. The evaluation of FEW nexus is thus an important aspect to be considered in the optimization of the POBC design to secure the three resources. A fuzzy multi-objective optimization model-based approach is developed in this study to aid the planning of an optimum POBC with maximum satisfaction between economic advantage, food, energy, and water security. The developed model and optimal network will provide input to POM owners on the contributions of the FEW nexus in optimal POME management and POM configuration.

ACS Style

Yue Dian Tan; Jeng Shiun Lim; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi. Design of Integrated Palm Oil Based Complex via Food-Energy-Water Nexus Optimization Framework. Food-Energy-Water Nexus Resilience and Sustainable Development 2020, 75 -99.

AMA Style

Yue Dian Tan, Jeng Shiun Lim, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi. Design of Integrated Palm Oil Based Complex via Food-Energy-Water Nexus Optimization Framework. Food-Energy-Water Nexus Resilience and Sustainable Development. 2020; ():75-99.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue Dian Tan; Jeng Shiun Lim; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi. 2020. "Design of Integrated Palm Oil Based Complex via Food-Energy-Water Nexus Optimization Framework." Food-Energy-Water Nexus Resilience and Sustainable Development , no. : 75-99.

Journal article
Published: 20 February 2020 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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Water quality problems contribute significantly to water scarcity. This study aims to redefine water scarcity caused by water quality degradation together with water quantity shortage and propose a Water Scarcity Pinch Analysis (WSPA) to quantify the regional water scarcity. WSPA is proposed based on the well-applied method of Water Pinch Analysis. The quality of water sources and demands is specified by setting water quality categories, based on which the staircase Grand Composite Curve (GCC) is constructed. After applying the water quality cascade, the GCC provides the water quantity-quality target, which is the net deficit volume (m3) of water with certain water quality (categories). The water quantity-quality target is defined as the regional water scarcity. Water quality upgrading is applied to maximise the water use efficiency for different purposes by mixing water sources with different qualities. Three case studies are set to illustrate the implementation of the proposed method and investigate the performance of the proposed WSPA. The results show that WSPA identifies both the water quantity scarcity and scarcity caused by insufficient water quality or the water quality mismatch between the sources and demands. Conclusions and novel contributions are i) WSPA enables accounting for water quality together with quantity in water scarcity assessment and provides both quantity and quality targets for minimising regional water scarcity; ii) Applying the WSPA to a macro level elevates the ratio-based water scarcity assessment from single determination to insight-based assessment that can guide the regional water resource management; iii) water quality cascade and water quality upgrade with water dilution can improve water use efficiency and reduce regional water scarcity.

ACS Style

Xuexiu Jia; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Petar Sabev Varbanov. Regional Water Resources Assessment using Water Scarcity Pinch Analysis. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2020, 157, 104749 .

AMA Style

Xuexiu Jia, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Petar Sabev Varbanov. Regional Water Resources Assessment using Water Scarcity Pinch Analysis. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2020; 157 ():104749.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuexiu Jia; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Petar Sabev Varbanov. 2020. "Regional Water Resources Assessment using Water Scarcity Pinch Analysis." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 157, no. : 104749.

Conference paper
Published: 07 December 2019 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Water integration among different industries in Eco-Industrial Park brings a promising opportunity in reducing freshwater consumption by implementing industrial symbiosis concept. Mixing of wastewater from industries might be cost-effective, however, it is not the best option for water reuse since different reuse option requires different water qualities and treatment. Thus, wastewater segregation based on the wastewater source and quality is required. This paper reviews the potential wastewater source from the industry and wastewater recovery prior to be reused. The review is based on the literature survey from the industries, suppliers and guidelines. From the survey, wastewater sources that can be recovered for reuse option are water generated as by-product, wastewater from the cleaning operation and utility operation. These wastewater sources cannot be mixed because each source has different types of contaminant content. Appropriate water quality can be achieved through primary, secondary and tertiary treatment. Advance technology such as membranes are efficient to remove non-desirable compounds from wastewater. The treated wastewater can provide a viable solution as an alternative water source to ease water-related stress and wastewater segregation can reduce the burden of the treatment.

ACS Style

S F Sa’Ad; R Zailan; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; J S Lim; Z A Manan. Towards water integration in Eco-Industrial Park: An overview of water recovery from industries. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 702, 012015 .

AMA Style

S F Sa’Ad, R Zailan, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, J S Lim, Z A Manan. Towards water integration in Eco-Industrial Park: An overview of water recovery from industries. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 702 (1):012015.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S F Sa’Ad; R Zailan; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; J S Lim; Z A Manan. 2019. "Towards water integration in Eco-Industrial Park: An overview of water recovery from industries." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 702, no. 1: 012015.

Conference paper
Published: 07 December 2019 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Biogas is one of the products that can be produced from wastewater or organic waste. Given the input streams for biogas digester can come from multiple sources rich in organic compound, optimization can be performed to maximise the production. In an industrial park with several types of industry, wastewaters and/or organic wastes from the industries or surrounding area can be used as feedstock for biogas production. Compared to conventional industrial park, Eco-Industrial Park (EIP) could be the appropriate platform for implementation as it advocates for industrial symbiosis through materials exchange and minimisation of waste, which are also in-line with the circular economy concept. In this study, a superstructure applicable for an EIP, which consists of multiple biogas sources, biogas digester, biogas upgrading, and biogas demands are developed. The model considers parameters which can affect biogas production quality and quantity such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Carbon/Nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio), and temperature. It also considers percentage of methane lost, removal efficiency of Carbon Dioxide (CO2), electricity cost, capital cost of the selected biogas digesters as well as the cleaning and upgrading units. The main objective of the mathematical model is to maximise the profit generation from biogas generation for the EIP centralized biogas production plant. The model is solved by using General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS) software. Case study conducted shows that anaerobic closed lagoon is selected as digester for the industrial wastewaters, while water scrubber is suggested as the biogas upgrading technology. A yearly profit is estimated at USD13,700,000, which is generated from selling of 279nm3 of purified biogas. This may suggest that generating biogas from several sources of industrial wastewater and organic waste could be potentially feasible, thus reducing unnecessary pollutant while capturing the carbon source as an additional revenue stream.

ACS Style

M A Misrol; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; J S Lim; Z A Manan. Synthesis of optimal biogas production system from multiple sources of wastewater and organic waste. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 702, 012014 .

AMA Style

M A Misrol, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, J S Lim, Z A Manan. Synthesis of optimal biogas production system from multiple sources of wastewater and organic waste. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 702 (1):012014.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M A Misrol; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; J S Lim; Z A Manan. 2019. "Synthesis of optimal biogas production system from multiple sources of wastewater and organic waste." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 702, no. 1: 012014.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Process effluent recovery can be a potential source of revenue and an effective way to reduce environmental footprints of industrial processes. Use of resource conservation technologies, resource-efficient processes and measures to reduce, recycle and reuse of various raw materials and waste are among sustainable manufacturing and cleaner production options to consider. Mass integration, taking place in mass exchange networks (MEN) is an established concept for more efficient use of raw materials. The integration can help to reduce both waste disposal flows and external mass separating agents. This work presents a novel algebraic tool for simultaneous targeting and design of mass exchange networks to overcome the limitations of previously developed mass integration algebraic targeting approach such as the Composition Interval Table (CIT). The newly developed Segregated Composition Interval Table (SECIT) shows mass cascade profiles across composition ranges for individual rich and lean streams. The tool can simultaneously target and design MEN, locate mass Pinch Point and to visualise mass exchange network. The SECIT method is demonstrated for a multiple Pinch and threshold problem, as well as stream splitting scenarios. Three literature case studies are presented to illustrate the applicability of the new approach.

ACS Style

Wasiu Ajibola Oladosu; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin A. Manan. A new algebraic tool for simultaneous targeting and design of a mass exchange network with stream splitting for sustainable environment. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 249, 119361 .

AMA Style

Wasiu Ajibola Oladosu, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin A. Manan. A new algebraic tool for simultaneous targeting and design of a mass exchange network with stream splitting for sustainable environment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 249 ():119361.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wasiu Ajibola Oladosu; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin A. Manan. 2019. "A new algebraic tool for simultaneous targeting and design of a mass exchange network with stream splitting for sustainable environment." Journal of Cleaner Production 249, no. : 119361.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Energy
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ACS Style

Nor Erniza Mohammad Rozali; Wai Shin Ho; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Jing Shenn Cheong. Probability-Power Pinch Analysis targeting approach for diesel/biodiesel plant integration into hybrid power systems. Energy 2019, 187, 1 .

AMA Style

Nor Erniza Mohammad Rozali, Wai Shin Ho, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Jing Shenn Cheong. Probability-Power Pinch Analysis targeting approach for diesel/biodiesel plant integration into hybrid power systems. Energy. 2019; 187 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nor Erniza Mohammad Rozali; Wai Shin Ho; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Jing Shenn Cheong. 2019. "Probability-Power Pinch Analysis targeting approach for diesel/biodiesel plant integration into hybrid power systems." Energy 187, no. : 1.

Review
Published: 21 October 2019 in Computers
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Plant systematics can be classified and recognized based on their reproductive system (flowers) and leaf morphology. Neural networks is one of the most popular machine learning algorithms for plant leaf classification. The commonly used neutral networks are artificial neural network (ANN), probabilistic neural network (PNN), convolutional neural network (CNN), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM), even some studies used combined techniques for accuracy improvement. The utilization of several varying preprocessing techniques, and characteristic parameters in feature extraction appeared to improve the performance of plant leaf classification. The findings of previous studies are critically compared in terms of their accuracy based on the applied neural network techniques. This paper aims to review and analyze the implementation and performance of various methodologies on plant classification. Each technique has its advantages and limitations in leaf pattern recognition. The quality of leaf images plays an important role, and therefore, a reliable source of leaf database must be used to establish the machine learning algorithm prior to leaf recognition and validation.

ACS Style

Muhammad Azfar Firdaus Azlah; Lee Suan Chua; Fakhrul Razan Rahmad; Farah Izana Abdullah; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi. Review on Techniques for Plant Leaf Classification and Recognition. Computers 2019, 8, 77 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Azfar Firdaus Azlah, Lee Suan Chua, Fakhrul Razan Rahmad, Farah Izana Abdullah, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi. Review on Techniques for Plant Leaf Classification and Recognition. Computers. 2019; 8 (4):77.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Azfar Firdaus Azlah; Lee Suan Chua; Fakhrul Razan Rahmad; Farah Izana Abdullah; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi. 2019. "Review on Techniques for Plant Leaf Classification and Recognition." Computers 8, no. 4: 77.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2019 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Future 100% renewable energy systems will have to integrate different sectors, including provision of power, heating, cooling and transport. Such energy systems will be needed to mitigate the negative impacts of economic development based on the use of fossil fuels, but will rely on variable renewable energy resources. As two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions can be attributed to fossil fuel combustion, decarbonization of energy systems is imperative for combating the climate change. Integrating future energy systems with CO2 capture and utilization technologies can contribute to deep decarbonization. As these technologies can be operated flexibly, they can be used to balance the grid to allow for high levels of variable renewable energy in the power mix. The captured CO2 can be either utilized as a feedstock for various value-added applications in the chemical industry and related sectors such as the food and beverage industries. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art literature on CO2 capture and utilization technologies, with an emphasis on their potential integration into a low-carbon, high-renewables penetration grid. The potential market size for CO2 as raw material is also elaborated and discussed. The review paper provides an insight to the development and the technological needs of different energy system sectors, as well the limitations, challenges and research gaps to the integration of the variable renewable energy sources and flexible carbon capture and utilization technologies.

ACS Style

Hrvoje Mikulčić; Iva Ridjan Skov; Dominik Franjo Dominković; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Raymond Tan; Neven Duić; Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad; Xuebin Wang. Flexible Carbon Capture and Utilization technologies in future energy systems and the utilization pathways of captured CO2. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 114, 109338 .

AMA Style

Hrvoje Mikulčić, Iva Ridjan Skov, Dominik Franjo Dominković, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Raymond Tan, Neven Duić, Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad, Xuebin Wang. Flexible Carbon Capture and Utilization technologies in future energy systems and the utilization pathways of captured CO2. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019; 114 ():109338.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hrvoje Mikulčić; Iva Ridjan Skov; Dominik Franjo Dominković; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Raymond Tan; Neven Duić; Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad; Xuebin Wang. 2019. "Flexible Carbon Capture and Utilization technologies in future energy systems and the utilization pathways of captured CO2." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 114, no. : 109338.

Conference paper
Published: 18 July 2019 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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ACS Style

K Jamaluddin; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; K Hamzah; Z Abdul Manan; J J Klemeš. A new framework for optimisation of Pressurised Water Reactor design as a trigeneration system. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 555, 1 .

AMA Style

K Jamaluddin, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, K Hamzah, Z Abdul Manan, J J Klemeš. A new framework for optimisation of Pressurised Water Reactor design as a trigeneration system. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 555 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K Jamaluddin; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; K Hamzah; Z Abdul Manan; J J Klemeš. 2019. "A new framework for optimisation of Pressurised Water Reactor design as a trigeneration system." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 555, no. : 1.