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Global disruption and innovation are revolutionising many industries and creating a digitally disruptive environment (DDE); real estate is no exception. Real estate online platforms (REOPs) are getting more attention in the era of COVID-19, where the real estate businesses must run online, and the service users are pushed to a forced digital experience adoption. The users or consumers are not satisfied or happy with the current state of REOPs and often regret their decisions due to the poor quality of the web-based information provided on these REOPs. Based on a mixed approach of integrated KANO-SISQual, the current study develops a comprehensive smart real estate technology adoption model (SRETAM) to model the users’ perception of the REOPs in DDE. Data is collected through a questionnaire survey from 407 Sydney based REOP users. A total of 31 key factors are identified by reviewing 256 articles vetted by 12 local real estate agents. The results highlight 19 factors to be very important to REOPs users: reliability, the accuracy of the information, and credibility of the online platforms are the top three important factors. The hypotheses’ results show that all the SRETAM categories contribute equally to the users’ behavioural intention to use the REOPs and the KANO categories are statistically different. For KANO categories, eight attractive features are identified: graphical statistics, familiar web technology, content structure, web design, immersive content, self-efficacy, information novelty, and presence of 3D interactive models. Displaying the users’ location, learning tutorials, and hyperlinks to external sources on the web portals dissatisfy REOP users. The factors and their classifications can help the users get more features, verified, and transparent information for making better decisions in the DDE, whereas the REOP can enjoy more business due to increased service consumers. This can lay the foundation for transforming the traditional real estate sector into smart real estate in lines with industry 4.0 requirements in the DDE.
Fahim Ullah; Samad M.E. Sepasgozar; Sara Shirowzhan; Steven Davis. Modelling users’ perception of the online real estate platforms in a digitally disruptive environment: An integrated KANO-SISQual approach. Telematics and Informatics 2021, 63, 101660 .
AMA StyleFahim Ullah, Samad M.E. Sepasgozar, Sara Shirowzhan, Steven Davis. Modelling users’ perception of the online real estate platforms in a digitally disruptive environment: An integrated KANO-SISQual approach. Telematics and Informatics. 2021; 63 ():101660.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFahim Ullah; Samad M.E. Sepasgozar; Sara Shirowzhan; Steven Davis. 2021. "Modelling users’ perception of the online real estate platforms in a digitally disruptive environment: An integrated KANO-SISQual approach." Telematics and Informatics 63, no. : 101660.
Air pollution has received increasing attention in recent years, particularly in China, due to the rapid industrialisation that has wrought intense levels of air pollution. A number of studies, therefore, have been devoted to quantifying the impacts of air pollution on property value in China. However, the empirical results are somewhat mixed. This naturally raises questions of whether there is a significant relationship between air quality and housing prices and the plausible reasons for the mixed results in previous studies. This study aims to fill this gap by explaining the variations in the findings by a meta-regression analysis. To control for heterogeneity, a weighted least square model was used to explore the factors influencing the magnitude and significance of the air quality effect based on empirical estimates from 117 observations. This study confirms that air quality does have a discernible impact on housing prices beyond the publication bias. Besides, the types of air quality indicator and the air data source do significantly influence estimates through affecting both the magnitude of the elasticity and the partial correlation coefficient (PCC). Further, the selections of control variables and estimation approaches also have significant impacts on estimates. This study also finds that published papers tend to be biased towards more economically significant estimates. The implications of the findings have also been discussed.
Jianing Wang; Chyi Lee; Sara Shirowzhan. Macro-Impacts of Air Quality on Property Values in China—A Meta‐Regression Analysis of the Literature. Buildings 2021, 11, 48 .
AMA StyleJianing Wang, Chyi Lee, Sara Shirowzhan. Macro-Impacts of Air Quality on Property Values in China—A Meta‐Regression Analysis of the Literature. Buildings. 2021; 11 (2):48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJianing Wang; Chyi Lee; Sara Shirowzhan. 2021. "Macro-Impacts of Air Quality on Property Values in China—A Meta‐Regression Analysis of the Literature." Buildings 11, no. 2: 48.
The 2019–2020 bushfire season is estimated to be one of the worst fire seasons on record in Australia, especially in New South Wales (NSW). The devastating fire season ignited a heated public debate on whether prescribed burning is an effective tool for preventing bushfires, and how the extent of bushfires has been changing over time. The objective of this study is to answer these questions, and more specifically to identify how bushfire patterns have changed in the last 100 years in NSW. To do so, we conducted a spatio-temporal analysis on prescribed burns and bushfires using a 100-year dataset of bushfires. More specifically, three research questions were developed, with each one of them addressed differently. First, generalised linear modelling was applied to assess the changes in fire patterns. Second, a correlation analysis was conducted to examine whether prescribed burns are an effective tool for reducing bushfire risk. Third, a spatio-temporal analysis was applied to the bushfire location data to explore spatio-temporal clusters of high and low values for bushfires, known as hotspots and coldspots, respectively. The study found that the frequency of bushfires has increased over time; however, it did not identify a significant trend of change in their size. Based on the results of this study for the relationship between prescribed burns and bushfires, it seems impossible to determine whether prescribed burns effectively reduce bushfire risk. Thus, further analysis with a larger amount of data is required in the future. The results of the spatio-temporal analysis showed that cold spots are propagated around metropolitan areas such as Sydney, while hotspots are concentrated in rural areas such as the North Coast and South Coast regions of NSW. The analysis found four statistical areas that have become new bushfire frequency hotspots in the 2019–2020 bushfire season. These areas combined have about 40,000 residents and at least 13,000 built dwellings. We suggest that further analysis is needed in the field to determine if there is a pattern of movement of bushfire towards metropolitan areas. To make the results of this research accessible to the public, an online interactive GIS-based dashboard was developed. The insight gained from the spatial and temporal analyses in this research is crucial to making smarter decisions on allocating resources and developing preventive or mitigating strategies.
Michael Visner; Sara Shirowzhan; Chris Pettit. Spatial Analysis, Interactive Visualisation and GIS-Based Dashboard for Monitoring Spatio-Temporal Changes of Hotspots of Bushfires over 100 Years in New South Wales, Australia. Buildings 2021, 11, 37 .
AMA StyleMichael Visner, Sara Shirowzhan, Chris Pettit. Spatial Analysis, Interactive Visualisation and GIS-Based Dashboard for Monitoring Spatio-Temporal Changes of Hotspots of Bushfires over 100 Years in New South Wales, Australia. Buildings. 2021; 11 (2):37.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Visner; Sara Shirowzhan; Chris Pettit. 2021. "Spatial Analysis, Interactive Visualisation and GIS-Based Dashboard for Monitoring Spatio-Temporal Changes of Hotspots of Bushfires over 100 Years in New South Wales, Australia." Buildings 11, no. 2: 37.
There is a need to apply lean approaches in construction projects. Both BIM and IoT are increasingly being used in the construction industry. However, using BIM in conjunction with IoT for sustainability purposes has not received enough attention in construction. In particular, the capability created from the combination of both technologies has not been exploited. There is a growing consensus that the future of construction operation tends to be smart and intelligent, which would be possible by a combination of both information systems and sensors. This investigation aims to find out the recent efforts of utilizing BIM for lean purposes in the last decade by critically reviewing the published literature and identifying dominant clusters of research topics. More specifically, the investigation is further developed by identifying the gaps in the literature to utilize IoT in conjunction with BIM in construction projects to facilitate applying lean techniques in a more efficient way in construction projects. A systematic review method was designed to identify scholarly papers covering both concepts “lean” and “BIM” in construction and possibilities of using IoT. A total of 48 scholarly articles selected from 26 construction journals were carefully reviewed thorough perusal. The key findings were discussed with industry practitioners. The transcriptions were analyzed employing two coding and cluster analysis techniques. The results of the cluster analysis show two main directions, including the recent practice of lean and BIM interactions and issues of lean and BIM adoption. Findings revealed a large synergy between lean and BIM in control interactions and reduction in variations, and surprisingly there are many uncovered areas in this field. The results also show that the capability of IoT is also largely not considered in recent developments. The number of papers covering both lean and BIM is very limited, and there is a large clear gap in understanding synergetic interactions of lean concepts applying in BIM and IoT in specific fields of construction such as sustainable infrastructure projects.
Samad Sepasgozar; Felix Hui; Sara Shirowzhan; Mona Foroozanfar; Liming Yang; Lu Aye. Lean Practices Using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Digital Twinning for Sustainable Construction. Sustainability 2020, 13, 161 .
AMA StyleSamad Sepasgozar, Felix Hui, Sara Shirowzhan, Mona Foroozanfar, Liming Yang, Lu Aye. Lean Practices Using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Digital Twinning for Sustainable Construction. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):161.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamad Sepasgozar; Felix Hui; Sara Shirowzhan; Mona Foroozanfar; Liming Yang; Lu Aye. 2020. "Lean Practices Using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Digital Twinning for Sustainable Construction." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 161.
Additive manufacturing, including 3D printing (3DP), is one of the critical pillars of Industry 4.0 and the next construction revolution. Several countries, including China, have utilized 3DP on larger scales or real projects. However, reviews of the lessons learned from previous large-sized practices of 3DP utilization are scarce. This paper presents a few practical applications of implementing 3DP over the past decade and suggests a direction for future research work. Recent publications on 3DP practices are systematically reviewed using an interpretivist philosophical lens, and more specifically, the nozzle characteristics are focused upon. The Scopus and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) journal databases are utilized, resulting in the examination of 54 English and 62 Chinese papers. The selected practices from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao are considered for this review. A content critical review approach is adopted, and the identified papers are critically reviewed. These papers reported key challenges and advantages from their reported practices, such as limitations in aggregate sizes, nozzle sizes, standards, post-occupancy satisfaction, final product quality, productivity challenges and other associated risks. The paper reports upon prominent limitations and signposts directions for future investigations.
Samad M. E. Sepasgozar; Anqi Shi; Liming Yang; Sara Shirowzhan; David J. Edwards. Additive Manufacturing Applications for Industry 4.0: A Systematic Critical Review. Buildings 2020, 10, 231 .
AMA StyleSamad M. E. Sepasgozar, Anqi Shi, Liming Yang, Sara Shirowzhan, David J. Edwards. Additive Manufacturing Applications for Industry 4.0: A Systematic Critical Review. Buildings. 2020; 10 (12):231.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamad M. E. Sepasgozar; Anqi Shi; Liming Yang; Sara Shirowzhan; David J. Edwards. 2020. "Additive Manufacturing Applications for Industry 4.0: A Systematic Critical Review." Buildings 10, no. 12: 231.
This paper presents a new method for PPE-Tool pair check to prevent injuries by dangerous hand tools. The method integrates various sensors and Wi-Fi modules for PPE wearing detection, data transition, and alarm treatment. A prototype was developed, and an online dashboard was built to validate the proposed method in a lab experiment. The experiment results showed that average time lag was 1.229s, which was efficient and effective for on-site safety management.
Xincong Yang; Yantao Yu; Sara Shirowzhan; Samad Sepasgozar; Heng Li. Automated PPE-Tool pair check system for construction safety using smart IoT. Journal of Building Engineering 2020, 32, 101721 .
AMA StyleXincong Yang, Yantao Yu, Sara Shirowzhan, Samad Sepasgozar, Heng Li. Automated PPE-Tool pair check system for construction safety using smart IoT. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 32 ():101721.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXincong Yang; Yantao Yu; Sara Shirowzhan; Samad Sepasgozar; Heng Li. 2020. "Automated PPE-Tool pair check system for construction safety using smart IoT." Journal of Building Engineering 32, no. : 101721.
Digital tools and marketing have been widely adopted in various industries throughout the world. These tools have enabled companies to obtain real-time customer insights and create and communicate value to customers more effectively. This study aims at understanding the principles and practices of sustainable digital marketing in the Malaysian property development industry by investigating the extent to which digital marketing has been adopted, the impediments to its adoption, and the strategies to improve digital capabilities for the local context. Digital marketing theories, practices, and models from other industries are adopted and applied to the local property development industry to lay the foundation for making it smart and sustainable. This paper proposes a marketing technology acceptance model (MTAM) for digital marketing strategy and capability development. The key factors used in the model are ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived cost, higher return, efficiency, digital service quality, digital information quality, digital system quality, attitude towards use, and actual use. The model and hypothetical relationships of critical factors are tested using structural modeling, reliability, and validity techniques using a sample of 279 Malaysian property development sector representatives. A quantitative approach is adopted, using an online questionnaire tool to investigate the behavior of respondents on the current digital marketing practices and capabilities of Malaysian property development companies. The results show that the sample property development companies are driven by the benefit of easily obtaining real-time customer information for creating and communicating value to customers more effectively through the company brand. Further strategies, such as creating real-time interactions, creating key performance indicators to measure digital marketing, personalization, and encouraging innovation in digital marketing are most preferred by local professionals. An adoption framework is provided based on the reviewed models and results of the current study to help transform the Malaysian property development sector into a smart and sustainable property development sector by facilitating the adoption of digital technologies. The results, based on real-time data and pertinent strategies for improvement of the local property sector, are expected to pave the way for inducing sustainable digital marketing trends, enhancing capabilities, and uplifting the state of the property development sector in developing countries.
Sheen Low; Fahim Ullah; Sara Shirowzhan; Samad M.E. Sepasgozar; Chyi Lin Lee. Smart Digital Marketing Capabilities for Sustainable Property Development: A Case of Malaysia. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5402 .
AMA StyleSheen Low, Fahim Ullah, Sara Shirowzhan, Samad M.E. Sepasgozar, Chyi Lin Lee. Smart Digital Marketing Capabilities for Sustainable Property Development: A Case of Malaysia. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5402.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSheen Low; Fahim Ullah; Sara Shirowzhan; Samad M.E. Sepasgozar; Chyi Lin Lee. 2020. "Smart Digital Marketing Capabilities for Sustainable Property Development: A Case of Malaysia." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5402.
The architecture of educational buildings is required to meet the contemporary needs and follow regulations concerning safety issues in an intelligent, resilient, and systematic manner. However, the current literature generally neglects to identify geo-referenced risks within GIS environment based on the users’ perceptions of educational environments. This research aims to present a newly formulated risk evaluation criteria for assessing the spaces within and outside educational buildings. This chapter investigates students’ experience of using different micro-spaces, architects’ predesign assumptions and expectations of the spaces, and post-design assessment of the spaces. Two case studies of educational spaces within University of New South Wales campus in Kensington, Sydney was selected, and the questionnaire method was employed to collect data from students, who routinely use the selected areas. By comparing the results of the two buildings and mapping them in GIS, it is suggested that feelings of safety and security can be increased via improving the building features and enhancing the building control and security control, for example, installing CCTV and other security infrastructure. Data-driven findings mapped into GIS create a prototype for the identification of problematic areas on a map. The results help decision-makers to understand risks and strengthen risk reduction strategies. This work is also a step towards smarter buildings and enhanced preparedness for an effective response to a security threat, both minimal and extreme.
Sara Shirowzhan; Laurence Kimmel; Mohammad Mojtahedi; Samad Sepasgozar; Jack Peacock. A GIS-Based Risk and Safety Analysis of Entrance Areas in Educational Buildings Based on Students’ Experience. Smart Cities and Construction Technologies 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleSara Shirowzhan, Laurence Kimmel, Mohammad Mojtahedi, Samad Sepasgozar, Jack Peacock. A GIS-Based Risk and Safety Analysis of Entrance Areas in Educational Buildings Based on Students’ Experience. Smart Cities and Construction Technologies. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Shirowzhan; Laurence Kimmel; Mohammad Mojtahedi; Samad Sepasgozar; Jack Peacock. 2020. "A GIS-Based Risk and Safety Analysis of Entrance Areas in Educational Buildings Based on Students’ Experience." Smart Cities and Construction Technologies , no. : 1.
Digital construction is increasingly introduced to the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. The fifth dimension of Building Information Modeling (5D BIM) has a significant contribution to the AEC industry, such as managing time and costs and resources management. However, 5D BIM has not fulfilled its promise completely. The major challenge of implementing the 5D BIM technology and applications is the interoperability between technologies and the low accuracy of measurement estimations. Dynamo is adopted in this chapter for detailed quantity measurement. Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is one of the additive manufacturing technologies which is recommended to be used in construction. 3DP is aiming to create complex and customized geometries. This chapter demonstrates how to apply the Dynamo scripts of detailed quantity take-off for estimating the volume of elements created by 3DP. Dynamo as a quantity take-off Add-in in Revit is always used for detailed quantity take-off or precise model created. After the detailed quantity take-off from Revit, the data can be exported into Excel extension, which allows the quantity surveyors to insert the price per unit to the file and to generate a Bill of Quantity (BOQ). This chapter will offer a procedure for applying Dynamo through two selected case studies.
Anqi Shi; Sara Shirowzhan; Samad M.E. Sepasgozar; Alireza Kaboli. 5D BIM Applications in Quantity Surveying: Dynamo and 3D Printing Technologies. Smart Cities and Construction Technologies 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleAnqi Shi, Sara Shirowzhan, Samad M.E. Sepasgozar, Alireza Kaboli. 5D BIM Applications in Quantity Surveying: Dynamo and 3D Printing Technologies. Smart Cities and Construction Technologies. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnqi Shi; Sara Shirowzhan; Samad M.E. Sepasgozar; Alireza Kaboli. 2020. "5D BIM Applications in Quantity Surveying: Dynamo and 3D Printing Technologies." Smart Cities and Construction Technologies , no. : 1.
This article reviewed the state-of-the-art applications of the Internet of things (IoT) technology applied in homes for making them smart, automated, and digitalized in many respects. The literature presented various applications, systems, or methods and reported the results of using IoT, artificial intelligence (AI), and geographic information system (GIS) at homes. Because the technology has been advancing and users are experiencing IoT boom for smart built environment applications, especially smart homes and smart energy systems, it is necessary to identify the gaps, relation between current methods, and provide a coherent instruction of the whole process of designing smart homes. This article reviewed relevant papers within databases, such as Scopus, including journal papers published in between 2010 and 2019. These papers were then analyzed in terms of bibliography and content to identify more related systems, practices, and contributors. A designed systematic review method was used to identify and select the relevant papers, which were then reviewed for their content by means of coding. The presented systematic critical review focuses on systems developed and technologies used for smart homes. The main question is ”What has been learned from a decade trailing smart system developments in different fields?”. We found that there is a considerable gap in the integration of AI and IoT and the use of geospatial data in smart home development. It was also found that there is a large gap in the literature in terms of limited integrated systems for energy efficiency and aged care system development. This article would enable researchers and professionals to fully understand those gaps in IoT-based environments and suggest ways to fill the gaps while designing smart homes where users have a higher level of thermal comfort while saving energy and greenhouse gas emissions. This article also raised new challenging questions on how IoT and existing developed systems could be improved and be further developed to address other issues of energy saving, which can steer the research direction to full smart systems. This would significantly help to design fully automated assistive systems to improve quality of life and decrease energy consumption.
Samad Sepasgozar; Reyhaneh Karimi; Leila Farahzadi; Farimah Moezzi; Sara Shirowzhan; Sanee M. Ebrahimzadeh; Felix Hui; Lu Aye. A Systematic Content Review of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things Applications in Smart Home. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3074 .
AMA StyleSamad Sepasgozar, Reyhaneh Karimi, Leila Farahzadi, Farimah Moezzi, Sara Shirowzhan, Sanee M. Ebrahimzadeh, Felix Hui, Lu Aye. A Systematic Content Review of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things Applications in Smart Home. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (9):3074.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamad Sepasgozar; Reyhaneh Karimi; Leila Farahzadi; Farimah Moezzi; Sara Shirowzhan; Sanee M. Ebrahimzadeh; Felix Hui; Lu Aye. 2020. "A Systematic Content Review of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things Applications in Smart Home." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9: 3074.
Smart technologies are advancing, and smart cities can be made smarter by increasing the connectivity and interactions of humans, the environment, and smart devices. This paper discusses selective technologies that can potentially contribute to developing an intelligent environment and smarter cities. While the connectivity and efficiency of smart cities is important, the analysis of the impact of construction development and large projects in the city is crucial to decision and policy makers, before the project is approved. This raises the question of assessing the impact of a new infrastructure project on the community prior to its commencement—what type of technologies can potentially be used for creating a virtual representation of the city? How can a smart city be improved by utilizing these technologies? There are a wide range of technologies and applications available but understanding their function, interoperability, and compatibility with the community requires more discussion around system designs and architecture. These questions can be the basis of developing an agenda for further investigations. In particular, the need for advanced tools such as mobile scanners, Geospatial Artificial Intelligence, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Geospatial Augmented Reality apps, Light Detection, and Ranging in smart cities is discussed. In line with smart city technology development, this Special Issue includes eight accepted articles covering trending topics, which are briefly reviewed.
Sara Shirowzhan; Willie Tan; Samad M. E. Sepasgozar. Digital Twin and CyberGIS for Improving Connectivity and Measuring the Impact of Infrastructure Construction Planning in Smart Cities. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 240 .
AMA StyleSara Shirowzhan, Willie Tan, Samad M. E. Sepasgozar. Digital Twin and CyberGIS for Improving Connectivity and Measuring the Impact of Infrastructure Construction Planning in Smart Cities. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (4):240.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Shirowzhan; Willie Tan; Samad M. E. Sepasgozar. 2020. "Digital Twin and CyberGIS for Improving Connectivity and Measuring the Impact of Infrastructure Construction Planning in Smart Cities." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4: 240.
Building information modelling (BIM) applications are being increasingly introduced throughout the construction industry and within academia, a large amount of BIM applications has been recommended within literature. However, coverage of the theory of BIM diffusion (which combines contextual and technical issues of the applications) remains scant and underdeveloped. Compatibility is one of the key contextual factors of Diffusion of Innovation theory that involves predicting BIM adopters' behaviours and identifying what components require extra effort for successful BIM implementation. However, this important theoretical concept has not been developed in pertinent BIM literature nor used correctly to extend existing knowledge because compatibility variables are not understood in a construction context. This seriously impedes the correct usage of BIM in construction. This study systematically and critically reviews BIM compatibility (BIM-COM) literature to distinguish compatibility issues at the organisational level and the concept of interoperability at the technical level. A sample of 57 out of the 131 articles constituted secondary data and each paper represented the unit of analysis. Bibliographic analysis techniques were used to identify co-authoring network and contents' concentration in the created bibliography. Content analysis and text mining approaches were employed using a thematic clustering analysis for grouping authors and themes within articles. The findings illustrate that the concept of compatibility is surprisingly poorly understood and often overlooked in the literature. The paper argues that interoperability issues prevail as the key practical barrier to BIM implementation. The paper identifies a large knowledge gap in terms of improving compatibility measures, which should be employed by innovators to assess their BIM applications before they offer it to construction companies. The findings presented will help to extend BIM applications and speed up the adoption rate among stakeholders with different needs and using different file formats.
Sara Shirowzhan; Samad M.E. Sepasgozar; David J. Edwards; Heng Li; Chen Wang. BIM compatibility and its differentiation with interoperability challenges as an innovation factor. Automation in Construction 2020, 112, 103086 .
AMA StyleSara Shirowzhan, Samad M.E. Sepasgozar, David J. Edwards, Heng Li, Chen Wang. BIM compatibility and its differentiation with interoperability challenges as an innovation factor. Automation in Construction. 2020; 112 ():103086.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Shirowzhan; Samad M.E. Sepasgozar; David J. Edwards; Heng Li; Chen Wang. 2020. "BIM compatibility and its differentiation with interoperability challenges as an innovation factor." Automation in Construction 112, no. : 103086.
Delay is one of the main challenges of construction projects, and there is still much to overcome in order to reach near zero delay in all construction projects. This project aims to conduct a systematic critical review including a bibliography analysis on delay literature in construction. The main questions consider what has been learnt from a decade investigating delay causes and effects in the construction literature and what factors have been missed in the literature. This paper also presents a new and challenging question regarding how digital tools and associated technologies may prevent any delay in construction projects, which can change the research direction from delay investigations to identifying prevention factors. The paper identifies the delay dataset, including 493 papers investigating delay in construction, and establishes a specific dataset of papers focusing on delay effects and causes (DEC), including 94 selected papers covering different factors examined in over 29 countries such as Iran, India, Turkey, Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Cambodia, Oman, Malaysia, Taiwan, China, Vietnam, the US, the UK, and Egypt. In addition, the paper identifies 30 critical factors with the frequency of occurrences over three times in the DEC dataset and computes their medians of ranking. This paper also discusses digital tools and methods that can be used for delay analysis and preventions, including MS Project, Oracle Primavera P6, and Open Plan by Deltek. The paper discusses the project schedule delay analysis from project management methodology perspectives. It also discusses the current method’s limitations and future directions, which are based on the identification of the deficiency areas. In total, four overlooked factors are identified and suggested, including faulty data analysis, unmatched structure of the research questionnaires with new knowledge and standards [e.g., Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)], overlooked effects of digital technologies [e.g., Digital twin, Navisworks, Building Information Model (BIM), Geographic Information System (GIS), and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)], and ignored job-site technologies. In addition, the paper presents the DEC model for future studies, including four main key factors. These factors are resources (e.g., project budgets, labour, material, equipment, and digital tool), project context, stakeholders performance (e.g., owner/client, consultant/designer, contractor, vendor/supplier), and external factors (e.g., ground condition, site location, regulation, natural disaster), which may significantly affect delay prevention and should be concurrently considered in the future delay investigations, since they may be required for designing an effective mitigation strategy when these proof points are identified. This would significantly help to utilise digital systems to prevent time overruns in different construction contexts.
Samad M. E. Sepasgozar; Reyhaneh Karimi; Sara Shirowzhan; Mohammad Mojtahedi; Sabbar Ebrahimzadeh; David McCarthy. Delay Causes and Emerging Digital Tools: A Novel Model of Delay Analysis, Including Integrated Project Delivery and PMBOK. Buildings 2019, 9, 191 .
AMA StyleSamad M. E. Sepasgozar, Reyhaneh Karimi, Sara Shirowzhan, Mohammad Mojtahedi, Sabbar Ebrahimzadeh, David McCarthy. Delay Causes and Emerging Digital Tools: A Novel Model of Delay Analysis, Including Integrated Project Delivery and PMBOK. Buildings. 2019; 9 (9):191.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamad M. E. Sepasgozar; Reyhaneh Karimi; Sara Shirowzhan; Mohammad Mojtahedi; Sabbar Ebrahimzadeh; David McCarthy. 2019. "Delay Causes and Emerging Digital Tools: A Novel Model of Delay Analysis, Including Integrated Project Delivery and PMBOK." Buildings 9, no. 9: 191.
Building Change Detection techniques are critical for monitoring building changes and deformations, construction progress tracking, structural deflections and disaster management. However, the performance of relevant algorithms on airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) data sets have not been comparatively evaluated, when such data sets are increasingly being used for construction purposes due to their capability of providing volumetric information of objects. This study aims to suggest appropriate building change detection algorithms based on a comparative evaluation of the performance of five selected algorithms including three pixel-based algorithms, Digital Surface Model differencing (DSMd), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Maximum Likelihood (ML), and two point-based change detection algorithms, namely Cloud to Cloud (C2C) and Multiple Model to Model Cloud Comparison (M3C2). The algorithms were applied on two-point cloud samples from the same areas, and the results of pixel-based change detection algorithms indicate that the SVM algorithm could operate satisfactorily when noise is present in the data but could not reliably quantify the magnitudes of building height changes. The DSMd algorithm can derive the magnitudes of building height change, but it produces a high level of noise in the result and influences the change detection reliability. Therefore, an integration of DSMd and SVM was applied to determine the magnitudes of change and significantly reduce the noise in the results. Among point-based algorithms, M3C2 algorithm is able to show the magnitudes of building height changes and differentiate between new and demolished objects, while C2C can not fully satisfy the evaluation criteria. The authors recommend evaluation of these algorithms using additional temporal data sets and in various urban areas. Therefore, a generalization of the findings at this stage is premature.
Sara Shirowzhan; Samad M.E. Sepasgozar; Heng Li; John Trinder; Pingbo Tang. Comparative analysis of machine learning and point-based algorithms for detecting 3D changes in buildings over time using bi-temporal lidar data. Automation in Construction 2019, 105, 102841 .
AMA StyleSara Shirowzhan, Samad M.E. Sepasgozar, Heng Li, John Trinder, Pingbo Tang. Comparative analysis of machine learning and point-based algorithms for detecting 3D changes in buildings over time using bi-temporal lidar data. Automation in Construction. 2019; 105 ():102841.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Shirowzhan; Samad M.E. Sepasgozar; Heng Li; John Trinder; Pingbo Tang. 2019. "Comparative analysis of machine learning and point-based algorithms for detecting 3D changes in buildings over time using bi-temporal lidar data." Automation in Construction 105, no. : 102841.
Deriving 3D urban development patterns is necessary for urban planners to control the future directions of 3D urban growth considering the availability of infrastructure or being prepared for fundamental infrastructure. Urban metrics have been used so far for quantification of landscape and land-use change. However, these studies focus on the horizontal development of urban form. Therefore, questions remain about 3D growth patterns. Both 3D data and appropriate 3D metrics are fundamentally required for vertical development pattern extraction. Airborne light detection and ranging (Lidar) as an advanced remote-sensing technology provides 3D data required for such studies. Processing of airborne lidar to extract buildings’ heights above a footprint is a major task and current automatic algorithms fail to extract such information on vast urban areas especially in hilly sites. This research focuses on proposing new methods of extraction of ground points in hilly urban areas using autocorrelation-based algorithms. The ground points then would be used for digital elevation model generation and elimination of ground elevation from classified buildings points elevation. Technical novelties in our experimentation lie in choosing a different window direction and also contour lines for the slant area, and applying moving windows and iterating non-ground extraction. The results are validated through calculation of skewness and kurtosis values. The results show that changing the shape of windows and their direction to be narrow long squares parallel to the ground contour lines, respectively, improves the results of classification in slant areas. Four parameters, namely window size, window shape, window direction and cell size are empirically chosen in order to improve initial digital elevation model (DEM) creation, enhancement of the initial DEM, classification of non-ground points and final creation of a normalised digital surface model (NDSM). The results of these enhanced algorithms are robust for generating reliable DEMs and separation of ground and non-ground points in slant urban scenes as evidenced by the results of skewness and kurtosis. Offering the possibility of monitoring urban growth over time with higher accuracy and more reliable information, this work could contribute in drawing the future directions of 3D urban growth for a smarter urban growth in the Smart Cities paradigm.
Sara Shirowzhan; Samad M. E. Sepasgozar. Spatial Analysis Using Temporal Point Clouds in Advanced GIS: Methods for Ground Elevation Extraction in Slant Areas and Building Classifications. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2019, 8, 120 .
AMA StyleSara Shirowzhan, Samad M. E. Sepasgozar. Spatial Analysis Using Temporal Point Clouds in Advanced GIS: Methods for Ground Elevation Extraction in Slant Areas and Building Classifications. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2019; 8 (3):120.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Shirowzhan; Samad M. E. Sepasgozar. 2019. "Spatial Analysis Using Temporal Point Clouds in Advanced GIS: Methods for Ground Elevation Extraction in Slant Areas and Building Classifications." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 3: 120.
The automated process of construction defect detection using non-contact methods provides vital information for quality control and updating building information modelling. The external cladding in modular construction should be regularly controlled in terms of the quality of panels and proper installation because its appearance is very important for clients. However, there are limited computational methods for examining the installation issues of external cladding remotely in an automated manner. These issues could be the incorrect sitting of a panel, unequal joints in an elevation, scratches or cracks on the face of a panel or dimensions of different elements of external cladding. This paper aims to present seven algorithms to detect panel edges and statistically compare their performance through application on two scenarios of buildings in construction sites. Two different scenarios are selected, where the building façades are available to the public, and a sample of 100 images is taken using a state-of-the-art 3D camera for edge detection analysis. The experimentation results are validated by using a series of computational error and accuracy analyses and statistical methods including Mean Square Error, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio and Structural Similarity Index. The performance of an image processing algorithm depends on the quality of images and the algorithm utilised. The results show better performance of the fuzzy logic algorithm because it detects clear edges for installed panels. The applications of classical operators including Sobel, Canny, LoG, Prewitt and Roberts algorithms give similar results and show similarities in terms of the average of errors and accuracy. In addition, the results show that the minor difference of the average of the error and accuracy indices for Sobel, Canny, LoG, Prewitt and Roberts methods between both scenarios are not statistically significant, while the difference in the average of the error and accuracy indices for RGB-Sobel and Fuzzy methods between both scenarios are statistically significant. The accuracy of the algorithms can be improved by removing unwanted items such as vegetation and clouds in the sky. The evaluated algorithms assist practitioners to analyse their images collected day to day from construction sites, and to update building information modelling and the project digital drawings. Future work may need to focus on the combination of the evaluated algorithms using new data sets including colour edge detection for automatic defect identification using RGB and 360-degree images.
Chang Liu; Sara Shirowzhan; Samad M. E. Sepasgozar; Ali Kaboli. Evaluation of Classical Operators and Fuzzy Logic Algorithms for Edge Detection of Panels at Exterior Cladding of Buildings. Buildings 2019, 9, 40 .
AMA StyleChang Liu, Sara Shirowzhan, Samad M. E. Sepasgozar, Ali Kaboli. Evaluation of Classical Operators and Fuzzy Logic Algorithms for Edge Detection of Panels at Exterior Cladding of Buildings. Buildings. 2019; 9 (2):40.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang Liu; Sara Shirowzhan; Samad M. E. Sepasgozar; Ali Kaboli. 2019. "Evaluation of Classical Operators and Fuzzy Logic Algorithms for Edge Detection of Panels at Exterior Cladding of Buildings." Buildings 9, no. 2: 40.
The focus of this paper is on the relatively under explored area of partially completed (part-built) information modeling because this can assist during on-site construction processes. Additionally, incremental models will support the as-built model through demonstration of hidden construction in the finished building. This is achieved by evaluating state-of-the-art scanner technologies to determine relative performance and accuracy in creating part-built models. Five laser-based scenarios using state-of-the-art handheld and terrestrial scanners were deployed to examine their capability to accurately produce part-built modeling from constructed objects. It was found that terrestrial scanners provided more accurate part-built information models, although the operation process is technical and requires skilled operators. However, handheld instruments avoid individual setup points and take less time than a terrestrial station when scanning typical internal building floor areas. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by developing the concept of part-built information modeling using scanner technology, as well as by creating related evaluation criteria.
Samad M. E. Sepasgozar; Perry Forsythe; Sara Shirowzhan. Evaluation of Terrestrial and Mobile Scanner Technologies for Part-Built Information Modeling. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 2018, 144, 04018110 .
AMA StyleSamad M. E. Sepasgozar, Perry Forsythe, Sara Shirowzhan. Evaluation of Terrestrial and Mobile Scanner Technologies for Part-Built Information Modeling. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 2018; 144 (12):04018110.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamad M. E. Sepasgozar; Perry Forsythe; Sara Shirowzhan. 2018. "Evaluation of Terrestrial and Mobile Scanner Technologies for Part-Built Information Modeling." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 144, no. 12: 04018110.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are transforming the design and manufacture of components and products across many disciplines, but their application in the construction industry is still limited. Material deposition processes can achieve infinite geometries. They have advanced from rapid prototyping and model-scale markets to applications in the fabrication of functional products, large objects, and the construction of full-scale buildings. Many international projects have been realised in recent years, and the construction industry is beginning to make use of such dynamic technologies. Advantages of integrating 3D printing with house construction are significant. They include the capacity for mass customisation of designs and parameters to meet functional and aesthetic purposes, the reduction in construction waste from highly precise placement of materials, and the use of recycled waste products in layer deposition materials. With the ultimate goal of improving construction efficiency and decreasing building costs, the researchers applied Strand 7 Finite Element Analysis software to a numerical model designed for 3D printing a cement mix that incorporates the recycled waste product high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The result: construction of an arched, truss-like roof was found to be structurally feasible in the absence of steel reinforcements, and lab-sized prototypes were manufactured according to the numerical model with 3D printing technology. 3D printing technologies can now be customised to building construction. This paper discusses the applications, advantages, limitations, and future directions of this innovative and viable solution to affordable housing construction.
Faham Tahmasebinia; Marjo Niemelä; Sanee Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Sepasgozar; Tin Yiu Lai; Winson Su; Kakarla Raghava Reddy; Sara Shirowzhan; Samad Sepasgozar; Fernando Alonso Marroquin. Three-Dimensional Printing Using Recycled High-Density Polyethylene: Technological Challenges and Future Directions for Construction. Buildings 2018, 8, 165 .
AMA StyleFaham Tahmasebinia, Marjo Niemelä, Sanee Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Sepasgozar, Tin Yiu Lai, Winson Su, Kakarla Raghava Reddy, Sara Shirowzhan, Samad Sepasgozar, Fernando Alonso Marroquin. Three-Dimensional Printing Using Recycled High-Density Polyethylene: Technological Challenges and Future Directions for Construction. Buildings. 2018; 8 (11):165.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaham Tahmasebinia; Marjo Niemelä; Sanee Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Sepasgozar; Tin Yiu Lai; Winson Su; Kakarla Raghava Reddy; Sara Shirowzhan; Samad Sepasgozar; Fernando Alonso Marroquin. 2018. "Three-Dimensional Printing Using Recycled High-Density Polyethylene: Technological Challenges and Future Directions for Construction." Buildings 8, no. 11: 165.
A construction operation is known as a complex system whose complicated components can be understood by applying spatial metrics to massive point-based data. Two and three-dimensional compactness metrics are critically reviewed based on the scale of urban modeling, application in urban studies and architecture, and the capability to model spatial and temporal urban changes. This review indicates that there is a lack of a uniform definition of compactness in urban, building and construction studies and a lack of 3D metrics to model spatial and temporal patterns of vertical building developments. To fill these gaps, a new definition of compactness for vertical building developments was developed based on elements of the compactness concept in the literature of urban form in highly dense urban areas by developments of high rise buildings. In addition, spatial data mining methods are suggested for deriving a spatial distribution pattern of building height; a new metric of A* was developed based on 3D Discrete Compactness for comparison of various 3D configurations of the buildings; and Constrained Voxel Automata and volumetric metrics were developed theoretically and proposed for future studies in characterizing spatial and temporal patterns of vertical building developments. It is found that there is a lack of appropriate methodologies to derive the patterns of vertical building development using 3D data such as airborne lidar to meet future needs.
Sara Shirowzhan; Samad M.E. Sepasgozar; Heng Li; John Trinder. Spatial compactness metrics and Constrained Voxel Automata development for analyzing 3D densification and applying to point clouds: A synthetic review. Automation in Construction 2018, 96, 236 -249.
AMA StyleSara Shirowzhan, Samad M.E. Sepasgozar, Heng Li, John Trinder. Spatial compactness metrics and Constrained Voxel Automata development for analyzing 3D densification and applying to point clouds: A synthetic review. Automation in Construction. 2018; 96 ():236-249.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Shirowzhan; Samad M.E. Sepasgozar; Heng Li; John Trinder. 2018. "Spatial compactness metrics and Constrained Voxel Automata development for analyzing 3D densification and applying to point clouds: A synthetic review." Automation in Construction 96, no. : 236-249.
Monitoring the amount of 3D physical progress of indoor buildings is crucial in demonstrating of the level of productivity and efficiency on a construction site. To monitor this type of progress, accurate 3D data such as advanced mobile and terrestrial lidar data should be collected at each step of the work process. While 3D physical progress of outdoor construction sites have been studied so far, algorithms of progress monitoring have been rarely evaluated for application on both mobile and terrestrial lidar data sets for indoor buildings. This paper aims to evaluate the performances of two progress monitoring algorithms, namely C2C and M3C2, for application on time series mobile and terrestrial lidar datasets. The evaluation is based on speed of processing and classes of magnitude of change. Better performance of M3C2 is proven by the results because it is faster than the C2C algorithm especially when both types of mobile and terrestrial lidar data sets are used. In addition, M3C2 is able to detect both classes of change, either increased or decreased during the construction progress.
Sara Shirowzhan; Samad Sepasgozar; Chang Liu. Monitoring Physical Progress of Indoor Buildings Using Mobile and Terrestrial Point Clouds. Construction Research Congress 2018 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleSara Shirowzhan, Samad Sepasgozar, Chang Liu. Monitoring Physical Progress of Indoor Buildings Using Mobile and Terrestrial Point Clouds. Construction Research Congress 2018. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Shirowzhan; Samad Sepasgozar; Chang Liu. 2018. "Monitoring Physical Progress of Indoor Buildings Using Mobile and Terrestrial Point Clouds." Construction Research Congress 2018 , no. : 1.