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Zainuddin Abdul Manan
Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Research Institute of Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

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Journal article
Published: 10 August 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Process Integration (PI) for resource conservation has become an increasingly popular topic of research in line with growing emphasis toward circular economy and rising concern on environmental protection. PI for resource conservation in continuous processes has been relatively well-established as compared to PI developments for batch processes that have lagged behind and are gradually getting attention. This paper presents a comprehensive and up-to-date review on the development and future research direction of batch process integration (BPI) methodologies for resource conservation covering energy, water and other types of industrial resources. The BPI methodologies are categorized according to batch process scheduling flexibility. The first category is the fixed, or pre-specified schedule BPI methodologies whereby time is treated as a parameter. The second category is the flexible or variable-schedule BPI methodologies that considers time as a variable. The fixed and flexible-schedule batch processes are further sub-divided and analyzed as graphical and mathematical programming-based BPI tools. Covering literature from 2000 to 2021 that comprises more than 160 publications in over twenty years period on BPIRC progress, trends and direction, the review highlights the significant role of BPI in driving small to medium scale industries toward cleaner production and circular economy.

ACS Style

Nitin Dutt Chaturvedi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan. Batch process integration for resource conservation toward cleaner production – A state-of-the-art review. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 318, 128609 .

AMA Style

Nitin Dutt Chaturvedi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan. Batch process integration for resource conservation toward cleaner production – A state-of-the-art review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 318 ():128609.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nitin Dutt Chaturvedi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan. 2021. "Batch process integration for resource conservation toward cleaner production – A state-of-the-art review." Journal of Cleaner Production 318, no. : 128609.

Journal article
Published: 12 July 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The concept of industrial symbiosis that promotes energy/material exchanges among different industrial enterprises has received growing attention. Industrial symbiosis synergistically engages traditionally separate entities to gain competitive advantages and efficiency in the consumption and utilisation of resources, utilities and wastes. Process integration is a powerful tool to optimise processes and identify scope for industrial symbiosis. Numerous studies have investigated the application of process integration in regard to the management of material resources. Previous works to guide systematic industrial symbiosis planning has only focused on low-carbon emission sites. There is a need to develop a systematic guideline for industrial site planners to use for the systematic planning of integrated industrial sites that also considers other resources such as waste and water. This research presents a framework for the systematic planning of an integrated industrial site using process integration tools. The framework comprises eight main stages and includes six process integration tools to systematically guide the planning and design of industrial sites to minimise energy, water, waste and emissions. A 95.58% reduction of waste disposal through landfilling, a 33.4% reduction in carbon emissions from waste disposal, a 45.70% reduction in steam, a 27.48% cooling water savings, 100% power reduction, a 49.10% reduction in CO2 emissions, 100% fresh CO2 savings, and a 100% freshwater savings for water headers 1 and 2 are obtained from the case study applying the framework proposed. The framework application will provide insights on how all the utilities and materials streams in the involving industries can be comprehensively integrated, hence reducing the need for fresh resources and promoting sustainability.

ACS Style

Kar Wei Ch'Ng; Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Wai Shin Ho; Peng Yen Liew; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Siti Fatimah Sa'Ad; Mohd Arif Misrol; Musa Lawal. A framework of resource conservation process integration for eco-industrial site planning. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 316, 128268 .

AMA Style

Kar Wei Ch'Ng, Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Wai Shin Ho, Peng Yen Liew, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Siti Fatimah Sa'Ad, Mohd Arif Misrol, Musa Lawal. A framework of resource conservation process integration for eco-industrial site planning. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 316 ():128268.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kar Wei Ch'Ng; Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Wai Shin Ho; Peng Yen Liew; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Siti Fatimah Sa'Ad; Mohd Arif Misrol; Musa Lawal. 2021. "A framework of resource conservation process integration for eco-industrial site planning." Journal of Cleaner Production 316, no. : 128268.

Review article
Published: 12 May 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Globally, most industrial parks that have not gone through a proper site selection process have been neglected or underutilised and such active sites tend to burn a lot of fuels and generate greenhouse gases. Technology must be used to conduct on-site investigations of the spatial and non-spatial factors of industrial parks, especially the emerging Eco-Industrial Park (EIP). The paper seeks to appraise the global application, capability and acceptability of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) tools in the EIP sites selection and planning. Also, to identify the benefits of mixing MCDM tools when integrating with GIS. There have been some reviews on the use of GIS and MCDM methods, but so far, there is none on the role of GIS and MCDM methods in EIP site selection. Geospatial and MCDM tools can be used to carefully select EIP sites, where materials and energy can be shared to achieve cleaner production, reduce environmental pollution and promote sustainable development. To understand the usage of these tools and their role in the EIP site selection process, a critical review of twenty-two papers published from 2007 to 2020 indexed by Google Scholar, Springer, IEEE Xplore and Web of Science have been developed for the first time. The articles are classified based on country/region, journal of publication, year and citations of publication, the authors and technologies applied. The results show that most studies on EIP site selection come from Iran and China. The Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment has the highest number of articles published at 28%. The highest number of articles was published in 2014 with 312 citations. GIS and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) topped the technologies used, accounting for 42% and 24% respectively, and hybrid tools 34%. As categorised by criteria content, there was an overlap of criteria in most journals. Though, water bodies, utilities, infrastructure, and natural characteristics were prominent. Renewable energy resources were not given attention by most researchers, and risk assessment was absent from the site selection literature. A blend of traditional MCDM tools constitutes the state-of-the-art tools, and when these are combined with GIS in EIP site surveys, they execute to obtain actual results. Future EIP site selection that is integrated with risk assessment is envisioned to be industry 4.0 (4IR)-driven through a combination of GIS and artificial intelligence, and the recently developed MCDM hybrid modules.

ACS Style

Steven Kuba Nuhu; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Mohd Nadzri Md Reba. Roles of geospatial technology in eco-industrial park site selection: State–of–the-art review. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 309, 127361 .

AMA Style

Steven Kuba Nuhu, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Mohd Nadzri Md Reba. Roles of geospatial technology in eco-industrial park site selection: State–of–the-art review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 309 ():127361.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Steven Kuba Nuhu; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Mohd Nadzri Md Reba. 2021. "Roles of geospatial technology in eco-industrial park site selection: State–of–the-art review." Journal of Cleaner Production 309, no. : 127361.

Journal article
Published: 05 May 2020 in Energy
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Recent developments of Pinch-based heat exchanger network (HEN) retrofit methodologies mainly focus on improvement of HENs, and much less on seeking opportunities to enhance energy efficiency of processes via process and utility changes. Conventionally, Pinch-based retrofit methodologies employ Composite Curves (CC) and Grand Composite Curve (GCC) to screen for process changes opportunities. However, CC and GCC cannot directly indicate the specific individual process and utility streams to undergo process changes as the streams are composited within the CC and GCC. This work extends the use of individual stream temperature versus enthalpy plot (STEP) to enable designers to scope, screen and selectively customise structural and parametric process and utility changes for existing HENs. STEP diagram can be used to graphically customise retrofit options involving beneficial process utility changes for an existing HEN, and improve overall process energy efficiency. Application of STEP diagram on an illustrative case study and an existing crude oil refinery plant show that STEP diagram enables a designer to graphically pinpoint the exact individual process streams to undergo process and utility changes based on the individual stream profile and to determine the optimal load and levels of multiple utilities required, as well as the limit of process changes that can be performed. Results of this work show that on top of performing HEN retrofit, customised process and utility changes can result in an additional 18.4% hot utility reduction.

ACS Style

Yee Qing Lai; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan. Graphical customisation of process and utility changes for heat exchanger network retrofit using individual stream temperature versus enthalpy plot. Energy 2020, 203, 117766 .

AMA Style

Yee Qing Lai, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan. Graphical customisation of process and utility changes for heat exchanger network retrofit using individual stream temperature versus enthalpy plot. Energy. 2020; 203 ():117766.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yee Qing Lai; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan. 2020. "Graphical customisation of process and utility changes for heat exchanger network retrofit using individual stream temperature versus enthalpy plot." Energy 203, no. : 117766.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Process effluent recovery can be a potential source of revenue and an effective way to reduce environmental footprints of industrial processes. Use of resource conservation technologies, resource-efficient processes and measures to reduce, recycle and reuse of various raw materials and waste are among sustainable manufacturing and cleaner production options to consider. Mass integration, taking place in mass exchange networks (MEN) is an established concept for more efficient use of raw materials. The integration can help to reduce both waste disposal flows and external mass separating agents. This work presents a novel algebraic tool for simultaneous targeting and design of mass exchange networks to overcome the limitations of previously developed mass integration algebraic targeting approach such as the Composition Interval Table (CIT). The newly developed Segregated Composition Interval Table (SECIT) shows mass cascade profiles across composition ranges for individual rich and lean streams. The tool can simultaneously target and design MEN, locate mass Pinch Point and to visualise mass exchange network. The SECIT method is demonstrated for a multiple Pinch and threshold problem, as well as stream splitting scenarios. Three literature case studies are presented to illustrate the applicability of the new approach.

ACS Style

Wasiu Ajibola Oladosu; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin A. Manan. A new algebraic tool for simultaneous targeting and design of a mass exchange network with stream splitting for sustainable environment. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 249, 119361 .

AMA Style

Wasiu Ajibola Oladosu, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin A. Manan. A new algebraic tool for simultaneous targeting and design of a mass exchange network with stream splitting for sustainable environment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 249 ():119361.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wasiu Ajibola Oladosu; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin A. Manan. 2019. "A new algebraic tool for simultaneous targeting and design of a mass exchange network with stream splitting for sustainable environment." Journal of Cleaner Production 249, no. : 119361.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2019 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Future 100% renewable energy systems will have to integrate different sectors, including provision of power, heating, cooling and transport. Such energy systems will be needed to mitigate the negative impacts of economic development based on the use of fossil fuels, but will rely on variable renewable energy resources. As two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions can be attributed to fossil fuel combustion, decarbonization of energy systems is imperative for combating the climate change. Integrating future energy systems with CO2 capture and utilization technologies can contribute to deep decarbonization. As these technologies can be operated flexibly, they can be used to balance the grid to allow for high levels of variable renewable energy in the power mix. The captured CO2 can be either utilized as a feedstock for various value-added applications in the chemical industry and related sectors such as the food and beverage industries. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art literature on CO2 capture and utilization technologies, with an emphasis on their potential integration into a low-carbon, high-renewables penetration grid. The potential market size for CO2 as raw material is also elaborated and discussed. The review paper provides an insight to the development and the technological needs of different energy system sectors, as well the limitations, challenges and research gaps to the integration of the variable renewable energy sources and flexible carbon capture and utilization technologies.

ACS Style

Hrvoje Mikulčić; Iva Ridjan Skov; Dominik Franjo Dominković; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Raymond Tan; Neven Duić; Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad; Xuebin Wang. Flexible Carbon Capture and Utilization technologies in future energy systems and the utilization pathways of captured CO2. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 114, 109338 .

AMA Style

Hrvoje Mikulčić, Iva Ridjan Skov, Dominik Franjo Dominković, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Raymond Tan, Neven Duić, Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad, Xuebin Wang. Flexible Carbon Capture and Utilization technologies in future energy systems and the utilization pathways of captured CO2. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019; 114 ():109338.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hrvoje Mikulčić; Iva Ridjan Skov; Dominik Franjo Dominković; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Raymond Tan; Neven Duić; Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad; Xuebin Wang. 2019. "Flexible Carbon Capture and Utilization technologies in future energy systems and the utilization pathways of captured CO2." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 114, no. : 109338.

Journal article
Published: 09 May 2019 in Energy
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Heat exchanger network (HEN) retrofit plays a major role in solving environmental issues and improving plants’ performance. Development of HEN retrofit graphical tools has recently focused on detailed representation of existing HEN to facilitate retrofit problem-solving. This work presents a new customised approach for HEN retrofit that uses a combination of individual stream temperature versus enthalpy plot (STEP) to map hot and cold streams, a heat exchanger area versus enthalpy (A vs H) plot to minimise the required overall heat exchanger area and graphical cost screening tool and strategies to steer and customise a retrofit design toward a desired investment payback period. Application of the new retrofit methodology on a sunflower oil production plant shows comparable energy savings and 20% shorter payback period as compared other established retrofit methodologies.

ACS Style

Yee Qing Lai; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan. Customised retrofit of heat exchanger network combining area distribution and targeted investment. Energy 2019, 179, 1054 -1066.

AMA Style

Yee Qing Lai, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan. Customised retrofit of heat exchanger network combining area distribution and targeted investment. Energy. 2019; 179 ():1054-1066.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yee Qing Lai; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan. 2019. "Customised retrofit of heat exchanger network combining area distribution and targeted investment." Energy 179, no. : 1054-1066.

Journal article
Published: 16 March 2019 in Energies
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Research and development on integrated energy systems such as cogeneration and trigeneration to improve the efficiency of thermal energy as well as fuel utilisation have been a key focus of attention by researchers. Total Site Utility Integration is an established methodology for the synergy and integration of utility recovery among multiple processes. However, Total Site Cooling, Heating and Power (TSCHP) integration methods involving trigeneration systems for industrial plants have been much less emphasised. This paper proposes a novel methodology for developing an insight-based numerical Pinch Analysis technique to simultaneously target the minimum cooling, heating and power requirements for a total site energy system. It enables the design of an integrated centralised trigeneration system involving several industrial sites generating the same utilities. The new method is called the Trigeneration System Cascade Analysis (TriGenSCA). The procedure for TriGenSCA involves data extraction, constructions of a Problem Table Algorithm (PTA), Multiple Utility Problem Table Algorithm (MU PTA), Total Site Problem Table Algorithm (TS PTA) and estimation of energy sources by a trigeneration system followed by construction of TriGenSCA, Trigeneration Storage Cascade Table (TriGenSCT) and construction of a Total Site Utility Distribution (TSUD) Table. The TriGenSCA tool is vital for users to determine the optimal size of utilities for generating power, heating and cooling in a trigeneration power plant. Based on the case study, the base fuel source for power, heating and cooling is nuclear energy with a demand load of 72 GWh/d supplied by 10.8 t of Uranium-235. Comparison between conventional PWR producing power, heating and cooling seperately, and trigeneration PWR system with and without integration have been made. The results prove that PWR as a trigeneration system is the most cost-effective, enabling 28% and 17% energy savings as compared to conventional PWR producing power, heating and cooling separately.

ACS Style

Khairulnadzmi Jamaluddin; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Khaidzir Hamzah; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. A Process Integration Method for Total Site Cooling, Heating and Power Optimisation with Trigeneration Systems. Energies 2019, 12, 1030 .

AMA Style

Khairulnadzmi Jamaluddin, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Khaidzir Hamzah, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. A Process Integration Method for Total Site Cooling, Heating and Power Optimisation with Trigeneration Systems. Energies. 2019; 12 (6):1030.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khairulnadzmi Jamaluddin; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Khaidzir Hamzah; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. 2019. "A Process Integration Method for Total Site Cooling, Heating and Power Optimisation with Trigeneration Systems." Energies 12, no. 6: 1030.

Journal article
Published: 13 February 2019 in Energies
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The design of heat exchanger networks (HEN) in the process industry has largely focused on minimisation of operating and capital costs using techniques such as pinch analysis or mathematical modelling. Aspects of operability and flexibility, including issues of disturbances affecting downstream processes during the operation of highly integrated HEN, still need development. This work presents a methodology to manage temperature disturbances in a HEN design to achieve maximum heat recovery, considering the impact of supply temperature fluctuations on utility consumption, heat exchanger sizing, bypass placement and economic performance. Key observations have been made and new heuristics are proposed to guide heat exchanger sizing to consider disturbances and bypass placement for cases above and below the HEN pinch point. Application of the methodology on two case studies shows that the impact of supply temperature fluctuations on downstream heat exchangers can be reduced through instant propagation of the disturbances to heaters or coolers. Where possible, the disturbances have been capitalised upon for additional heat recovery using the pinch analysis plus-minus principle as a guide. Results of the case study show that the HEN with maximum HE area yields economic savings of up to 15% per year relative to the HEN with a nominal HE area.

ACS Style

Ainur Munirah Hafizan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Mohd Kamaruddin Abd Hamid. Temperature Disturbance Management in a Heat Exchanger Network for Maximum Energy Recovery Considering Economic Analysis. Energies 2019, 12, 594 .

AMA Style

Ainur Munirah Hafizan, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Mohd Kamaruddin Abd Hamid. Temperature Disturbance Management in a Heat Exchanger Network for Maximum Energy Recovery Considering Economic Analysis. Energies. 2019; 12 (4):594.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ainur Munirah Hafizan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Mohd Kamaruddin Abd Hamid. 2019. "Temperature Disturbance Management in a Heat Exchanger Network for Maximum Energy Recovery Considering Economic Analysis." Energies 12, no. 4: 594.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2016 in Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy
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There has been growing interests to reduce the environmental impact caused by greenhouse gas emissions from process plants through various energy conservation strategies. CO2 emissions are closely linked to energy generation, conversion, transmission and utilisation. Various studies on the design of energy-efficient processes, optimal mix of renewable energy and hybrid power system are driven to reduce reliance on fossil fuel as well as CO2 emissions reduction. This paper presents a systematic technique in the form of graphical visualisation tool for cost-effective CO2 emission reduction strategies in industry. The methodology is performed in four steps. The first step involves calculating the energy consumption of a process plant. This is followed by identification of potential strategies to reduce CO2 emissions using the CO2 management hierarchy as a guide. In the third step, the development of “Investment” versus “CO2 Reduction” (ICO2) plot is constructed to measure the optimal CO2 emission reductions achieved from the implementation of possible CO2 reduction strategies. The Systematic Hierarchical Approach for Resilient Process Screening (Wan Alwi and Manan in AIChE J 11:3981–3988, 2006) method is used in the fourth step via substitution or partial implementation of the various CO2 reduction options in order to meet the cost-effective emission reduction within the desired investment limit or payback period (PP). An illustrative case study on a palm oil refinery plant has been used to demonstrate the implementation of the method in reduction of CO2 emissions. The developed graphical tool provides an insight-based approach for systematic CO2 emission reduction in the palm oil refinery considering both heat and power energy sources. Result shows that 31.2 % reduction in CO2 emissions can be achieved with an investment of USD 38,212 and PP of 10 months based on the present energy prices in Malaysia.

ACS Style

Wan Norlinda Roshana Mohd Nawi; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. A systematic technique for cost-effective CO2 emission reduction in process plants. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2016, 18, 1769 -1777.

AMA Style

Wan Norlinda Roshana Mohd Nawi, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. A systematic technique for cost-effective CO2 emission reduction in process plants. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. 2016; 18 (6):1769-1777.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wan Norlinda Roshana Mohd Nawi; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš. 2016. "A systematic technique for cost-effective CO2 emission reduction in process plants." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 18, no. 6: 1769-1777.