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Crises are major challenges all organizations must prepare for. Managers must have a sound knowledge of how to deal with these situations if and when they arise. Crisis communication should be a key element in these preparations. While it is important for an organization to have a crisis communication plan, this does not guarantee success. Organizations must be dynamic and tailor their message specifically for the target audience and crisis situation. This research takes a case study approach to investigate how one public sector organization, a University, communicated with a key stakeholder group, their students, following a series of earthquakes. We find that the organization had an updated crisis management plan, practiced implementation procedures, and a well-trained experienced communication team. The organization used a range of communication tools to reach their key target audience. In addition, it was able to improvise and adjust its communication strategy. In order to meet the information needs of their target audience, new media were used, two way communication was implemented, messages were more precisely targeted, and press communications were altered. However, survey results showed the organization struggled to manage communications across multiple events.
Lucie K. Ozanne; Paul W. Ballantine; Thomas Mitchell. Investigating the Methods and Effectiveness of Crisis Communication. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing 2020, 32, 379 -405.
AMA StyleLucie K. Ozanne, Paul W. Ballantine, Thomas Mitchell. Investigating the Methods and Effectiveness of Crisis Communication. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing. 2020; 32 (4):379-405.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucie K. Ozanne; Paul W. Ballantine; Thomas Mitchell. 2020. "Investigating the Methods and Effectiveness of Crisis Communication." Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing 32, no. 4: 379-405.
The epistemology of the business school has been argued to be a large barrier towards the integration of sustainability in education and research. This research aims to shed light on the fundamental marketing and consumption assumptions marketing academics hold. In an international online survey of 437 marketing academics, the research found four clusters of sustainability worldviews and key demographic differences (based upon sex and academic rank) in sustainability, consumption and marketing beliefs. This research provides a reflection of the disciplines’ theoretical and philosophical beliefs in relation to sustainability. Such reflection has implications for the future of sustainability within the marketing academy, as well as an understanding of the conceptualizations of sustainability graduates receive from their education. Based upon the findings, suggestions are provided about how to encourage sustainability research and teaching within marketing departments and how professional development activities in business schools should integrate sustainability content.
Joya A. Kemper; Paul W. Ballantine; C. Michael Hall. Sustainability worldviews of marketing academics: A segmentation analysis and implications for professional development. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 271, 122568 .
AMA StyleJoya A. Kemper, Paul W. Ballantine, C. Michael Hall. Sustainability worldviews of marketing academics: A segmentation analysis and implications for professional development. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 271 ():122568.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoya A. Kemper; Paul W. Ballantine; C. Michael Hall. 2020. "Sustainability worldviews of marketing academics: A segmentation analysis and implications for professional development." Journal of Cleaner Production 271, no. : 122568.
To advance sustainability education and research sustainability needs to be integrated into subjects, such as marketing, which do not currently actively promote such topics. Instead, the marketing discipline promotes continuous consumption and advocates for material accumulation as indicators of national and individual success, even when research has shown this does not make individuals happy. This qualitative research seeks to understand the experiences of marketing faculty engaged with sustainability and their perceived ability to create impact in their own institution and the larger academic community. This research utilizes institutional theory which can offer theoretical insight into the ability for change in higher education, especially through the individual as an institutional entrepreneur. The contribution of this research lies in its discussion of a framework which explores how academic actions may be classified according to their perceived and anticipated reward and societal impact, as well as tactics which can be employed by academics to create institutional change.
Joya A. Kemper; Paul W. Ballantine; C. Michael Hall. The role that marketing academics play in advancing sustainability education and research. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 248, 119229 .
AMA StyleJoya A. Kemper, Paul W. Ballantine, C. Michael Hall. The role that marketing academics play in advancing sustainability education and research. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 248 ():119229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoya A. Kemper; Paul W. Ballantine; C. Michael Hall. 2019. "The role that marketing academics play in advancing sustainability education and research." Journal of Cleaner Production 248, no. : 119229.
Faculty are key to bringing about ‘bottom-up’ change for sustainability education. Yet, research is still needed on the backgrounds and experiences of change agents in universities and the challenges they face. This study focuses on the marketing discipline, a field fraught with epistemological tensions in seeking to integrate sustainability, mainly revolving around profit maximisation and continuous consumption while living on a planet with finite resources. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with sustainability marketing academics in Australasia, Europe and North America. The contribution of this paper lies in the development of a sustainability educator typology linking why and how integration occurs. The sustainability ‘transformer’ wishes to engage in transformational learning, changing student mindsets, the ‘thinker’ wants to encourage critical thinking to bring about the discussion of worldviews, while the ‘actioner’ hopes ‘learning by doing’ (community projects) will provide an appreciation for sustainability. We discuss implications for those disciplines which struggle with philosophical tensions and colleague resistance to the integration of sustainability in the form of suggestions for professional development (i.e. creation of positive nature experiences) and pedagogical approaches (critical, transformative and community-service learning).
Joya A. Kemper; Paul W. Ballantine; C. Michael Hall. Combining the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of teaching sustainability: the case of the business school academics. Environmental Education Research 2019, 25, 1751 -1774.
AMA StyleJoya A. Kemper, Paul W. Ballantine, C. Michael Hall. Combining the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of teaching sustainability: the case of the business school academics. Environmental Education Research. 2019; 25 (12):1751-1774.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoya A. Kemper; Paul W. Ballantine; C. Michael Hall. 2019. "Combining the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of teaching sustainability: the case of the business school academics." Environmental Education Research 25, no. 12: 1751-1774.
This research examines the underexplored practice of online swapping. We propose Social Practice Theory as a theoretical lens to study this emerging practice in the sharing economy. Drawing on interviews with participants and observation of online swapping websites, we provide insight into the emergence, upkeep, and development of the practice. Our findings suggest that to enable the practice of online swapping, sharing economy managers should focus on enhancing the material element (their website) to enable more gratifying transactions (meaning) that are easy to perform (skills), and flexible enough for users to co-create shared norms (rules).
Heather E. Philip; Lucie K. Ozanne; Paul W. Ballantine. Exploring Online Peer-to-Peer Swapping: A Social Practice Theory of Online Swapping. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 2019, 27, 413 -429.
AMA StyleHeather E. Philip, Lucie K. Ozanne, Paul W. Ballantine. Exploring Online Peer-to-Peer Swapping: A Social Practice Theory of Online Swapping. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice. 2019; 27 (4):413-429.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeather E. Philip; Lucie K. Ozanne; Paul W. Ballantine. 2019. "Exploring Online Peer-to-Peer Swapping: A Social Practice Theory of Online Swapping." Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 27, no. 4: 413-429.
Hiran Roy; C. Michael Hall; Paul W. Ballantine. Connecting local food to foodservice businesses: An exploratory qualitative study on wholesale distributors‘ perceived benefits and challenges. Journal of Foodservice Business Research 2019, 22, 261 -285.
AMA StyleHiran Roy, C. Michael Hall, Paul W. Ballantine. Connecting local food to foodservice businesses: An exploratory qualitative study on wholesale distributors‘ perceived benefits and challenges. Journal of Foodservice Business Research. 2019; 22 (3):261-285.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHiran Roy; C. Michael Hall; Paul W. Ballantine. 2019. "Connecting local food to foodservice businesses: An exploratory qualitative study on wholesale distributors‘ perceived benefits and challenges." Journal of Foodservice Business Research 22, no. 3: 261-285.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how consumer attitudes are affected by corporate brands that have newly adopted a sustainable brand image. Specifically, this paper examines consumer responses to ad–brand incongruity and tests whether two-sided messages yield greater acceptance of incongruence. Design/methodology/approach In total, 528 responses were collected via an online experiment using a 3×2 between-subjects factorial design which manipulated three levels of perceived ad–brand congruence (congruent, moderately incongruent and extremely incongruent) and two levels of message sidedness (one- and two-sided). Findings Results indicate that brand managers have to be careful not to create ad–brand incongruence after adopting new brand values and should avoid two-sided messages during this period. Originality/value This paper tests the use of two-sided messages as resolution hints for ad–brand incongruence and furthers the corporate branding literature incorporating sustainability.
Paula Arbouw; Paul W. Ballantine; Lucie K. Ozanne. Sustainable brand image: an examination of ad–brand incongruence. Marketing Intelligence & Planning 2019, 37, 513 -526.
AMA StylePaula Arbouw, Paul W. Ballantine, Lucie K. Ozanne. Sustainable brand image: an examination of ad–brand incongruence. Marketing Intelligence & Planning. 2019; 37 (5):513-526.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaula Arbouw; Paul W. Ballantine; Lucie K. Ozanne. 2019. "Sustainable brand image: an examination of ad–brand incongruence." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 37, no. 5: 513-526.
Sustainability in marketing has gained some traction over the years, yet we still remain uncertain about exactly what ‘sustainability marketing’ means. Utilising the Scopus database, a discourse analysis was conducted on nearly 200 published journal articles. The analysis categorises multiple sustainability views and outlines three conceptualisations of sustainability marketing: Auxiliary Sustainability Marketing (which focusses on the production of sustainable products), Reformative Sustainability Marketing (which extends the auxiliary approach through the promotion of sustainable lifestyles and behavioural changes) and Transformative Sustainability Marketing (which further extends the auxiliary and reformative approaches through the need for transformation of current institutions and norms, and critical reflection). This paper then discusses how these three conceptualisations might be used by scholars and practitioners to interpret and implement sustainability marketing going forward.
Joya A. Kemper; Paul W. Ballantine. What do we mean by sustainability marketing? Journal of Marketing Management 2019, 35, 277 -309.
AMA StyleJoya A. Kemper, Paul W. Ballantine. What do we mean by sustainability marketing? Journal of Marketing Management. 2019; 35 (3-4):277-309.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoya A. Kemper; Paul W. Ballantine. 2019. "What do we mean by sustainability marketing?" Journal of Marketing Management 35, no. 3-4: 277-309.
Marketing, and the business schools within which most marketing academics and researchers work, have a fraught relationship with sustainability. Marketing is typically regarded as encouraging overconsumption and contributing to global change yet, simultaneously, it is also promoted as a means to enable sustainable consumption. Based on a critical review of the literature, the paper responds to the need to better understand the underpinnings of marketing worldviews with respect to sustainability. The paper discusses the concept of worldviews and their transformation, sustainability’s articulation in marketing and business schools, and the implications of the market logic dominance in faculty mind-sets. This is timely given that business schools are increasingly positioning themselves as a positive contributor to sustainability. Institutional barriers, specifically within universities, business schools, and the marketing discipline, are identified as affecting the ability to effect ‘bottom-up’ change. It is concluded that if institutions, including disciplines and business schools, remain wedded to assumptions regarding the compatibility between the environment and economic growth and acceptance of market forces then the development of alternative perspectives on sustainability remains highly problematic.
Joya A. Kemper; C. Michael Hall; Paul W. Ballantine. Marketing and Sustainability: Business as Usual or Changing Worldviews? Sustainability 2019, 11, 780 .
AMA StyleJoya A. Kemper, C. Michael Hall, Paul W. Ballantine. Marketing and Sustainability: Business as Usual or Changing Worldviews? Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):780.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoya A. Kemper; C. Michael Hall; Paul W. Ballantine. 2019. "Marketing and Sustainability: Business as Usual or Changing Worldviews?" Sustainability 11, no. 3: 780.
This exploratory study examines the consumption motivations of those consumers who choose to buy bottled water, while at the same time exploring the perceptions they hold about the potential environmental consequences of their actions. Based upon a sample of sixteen participants aged from 19 to 56, our findings revealed five main themes as to why people purchase bottled water, including: (1) Health, comprising the two subthemes of personal health and cleanliness, (2) the bottle, (3) convenience, (4) taste, and (5) self-image. Our findings also highlighted the perceptions held about the environmental consequences of bottled water consumption and the considerable challenges marketers have to address if they are to persuade consumers to consider alternatives to this consumption practice.
Paul W. Ballantine; Lucie K. Ozanne; Rachel Bayfield. Why Buy Free? Exploring Perceptions of Bottled Water Consumption and Its Environmental Consequences. Sustainability 2019, 11, 757 .
AMA StylePaul W. Ballantine, Lucie K. Ozanne, Rachel Bayfield. Why Buy Free? Exploring Perceptions of Bottled Water Consumption and Its Environmental Consequences. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):757.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul W. Ballantine; Lucie K. Ozanne; Rachel Bayfield. 2019. "Why Buy Free? Exploring Perceptions of Bottled Water Consumption and Its Environmental Consequences." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 757.
The primary objective of this study was to assess the barriers to, and opportunities for, farm-to-restaurant sales. The study was conducted in Vancouver (Canada) and Christchurch (New Zealand). Semistructured interviews with local farmers and/or farmers’ market vendors found that farmers and/or farmers’ market vendors are motivated to sell locally due to personal satisfaction, product appreciation, and higher prices. The study also indicated that social networks are vital to farmers and/or farmers’ market vendors for selling local foods to restaurants. Interviews revealed that there were higher production and delivery costs for farmers and/or farmers’ market vendors in most of the value chain for selling products directly to restaurants. However, farmers and/or farmers’ market vendors can offset their production and delivery costs for direct market sales to restaurants by receiving price premiums. The major implication of the findings is that farmers and/or farmers’ market vendors need to increase their communication (information flow) and interaction with restaurants to create better market access for local foods, but that they require greater time inputs.
Hiran Roy; C. Michael Hall; Paul W. Ballantine. Supply chain analysis of farm-to-restaurant sales. Case Studies in Food Retailing and Distribution 2018, 87 -104.
AMA StyleHiran Roy, C. Michael Hall, Paul W. Ballantine. Supply chain analysis of farm-to-restaurant sales. Case Studies in Food Retailing and Distribution. 2018; ():87-104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHiran Roy; C. Michael Hall; Paul W. Ballantine. 2018. "Supply chain analysis of farm-to-restaurant sales." Case Studies in Food Retailing and Distribution , no. : 87-104.
The current study focuses on Malaysian retailers’ perception of and attitude toward organic certification. The primary purpose of food and organic certification is to provide greater information and certainty to consumers as to the origins and nature of food as well as to differentiate a product from others that do not fulfill certification requirements. In addition, food and organic certification may be important for retailers in strengthening their structural power in food retail and as a retail sustainability strategy that influences consumer behavior related to organic and related food products. The overwhelming majority of studies on food and organic certification focus on consumer and producer perception rather than the retailer, yet retailers contribute to consumer knowledge of, preferences for, and trust in, organic products, as well as the overall availability of organic foods in the food supply chain.
Muhammad Azman Ibrahim; C. Michael Hall; Paul W. Ballantine. Food retailing. Case Studies in Food Retailing and Distribution 2018, 159 -178.
AMA StyleMuhammad Azman Ibrahim, C. Michael Hall, Paul W. Ballantine. Food retailing. Case Studies in Food Retailing and Distribution. 2018; ():159-178.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Azman Ibrahim; C. Michael Hall; Paul W. Ballantine. 2018. "Food retailing." Case Studies in Food Retailing and Distribution , no. : 159-178.
Hiran Roy; C. Michael Hall; Paul W. Ballantine. Trust in local food networks: The role of trust among tourism stakeholders and their impacts in purchasing decisions. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2017, 6, 309 -317.
AMA StyleHiran Roy, C. Michael Hall, Paul W. Ballantine. Trust in local food networks: The role of trust among tourism stakeholders and their impacts in purchasing decisions. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2017; 6 (4):309-317.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHiran Roy; C. Michael Hall; Paul W. Ballantine. 2017. "Trust in local food networks: The role of trust among tourism stakeholders and their impacts in purchasing decisions." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 6, no. 4: 309-317.
Sustainability in marketing has gained some traction over the years, evidenced in part by growing interest in past and upcoming special issues on the topic in numerous marketing journals. However, integrating such contested topics as sustainability and marketing suggests multiple ways in which sustainability can be addressed in marketing. Consequently, interviews were conducted with sustainability-focused marketing academics from around the world to understand how sustainability can be integrated within the marketing and really come to understand what ‘sustainability marketing’ as a concept entails.
Joya A. Kemper; Paul W. Ballantine; C. Michael Hall. Sustainability in Marketing, Academic Perspectives: An Abstract. Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science 2017, 121 -121.
AMA StyleJoya A. Kemper, Paul W. Ballantine, C. Michael Hall. Sustainability in Marketing, Academic Perspectives: An Abstract. Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science. 2017; ():121-121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoya A. Kemper; Paul W. Ballantine; C. Michael Hall. 2017. "Sustainability in Marketing, Academic Perspectives: An Abstract." Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science , no. : 121-121.
Addressing climate change and sustainability topics in university research and teaching is paramount; however, the majority of marketing studies and courses do not examine these concepts. We investigate global warming beliefs and the sustainability values, attitudes, and beliefs of marketing faculty to understand how these may impact upon the state of sustainability research and teaching within the marketing academy. Using an online survey method, marketing faculty were surveyed from around the world. We found that belief in global warming was high and that this was affected by political ideology and research area. We also found broad perceptions of sustainability (i.e., beyond the environmental domain) in marketing faculty, possibly more so than previous higher education studies have revealed. However, a greater belief in market ideology to solve sustainability issues also exists. We found significant effects or associations between gender, political ideology, religion, expertise, region of current residence, and region of conferred highest degree on sustainability beliefs (definition, conception, and attitudes). Considering that we find a high belief in global warming and a broad and holistic understanding and positive attitude towards sustainability, questions remain about why only limited research and teaching has been done on the intersection between marketing and sustainability.
Joya A. Kemper; Paul W. Ballantine; Colin Michael Hall. Global warming and sustainability: Understanding the beliefs of marketing faculty. Journal of Public Affairs 2017, 18, e1664 .
AMA StyleJoya A. Kemper, Paul W. Ballantine, Colin Michael Hall. Global warming and sustainability: Understanding the beliefs of marketing faculty. Journal of Public Affairs. 2017; 18 (4):e1664.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoya A. Kemper; Paul W. Ballantine; Colin Michael Hall. 2017. "Global warming and sustainability: Understanding the beliefs of marketing faculty." Journal of Public Affairs 18, no. 4: e1664.
Jeremy Ainsworth; Paul W. Ballantine. Consumers’ cognitive response to website change. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 2017, 37, 56 -66.
AMA StyleJeremy Ainsworth, Paul W. Ballantine. Consumers’ cognitive response to website change. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 2017; 37 ():56-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeremy Ainsworth; Paul W. Ballantine. 2017. "Consumers’ cognitive response to website change." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 37, no. : 56-66.
Obesity, climate change and poverty are some of the most serious health, environmental and social issues of the 21st century. Current initiatives to address these wicked issues typically focus on the individual and community, with social marketing being a common tool. However, the effectiveness of social marketing in helping to combat these wicked issues has been mixed at best. We use the multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions (MLP) to further our understanding of how macro-social marketing might be used to address the wicked problem of obesity. In doing so, we further conceptualize how formal and informal institutions might contribute to the emerging field of macro-social marketing.
Joya A. Kemper; Paul W. Ballantine. Socio-Technical Transitions and Institutional Change. Journal of Macromarketing 2017, 37, 381 -392.
AMA StyleJoya A. Kemper, Paul W. Ballantine. Socio-Technical Transitions and Institutional Change. Journal of Macromarketing. 2017; 37 (4):381-392.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoya A. Kemper; Paul W. Ballantine. 2017. "Socio-Technical Transitions and Institutional Change." Journal of Macromarketing 37, no. 4: 381-392.
Sustainability in marketing has gained some traction over the years, but yet we still remain uncertain about whether this means a reconceptualization of marketing needs to occur and, really, what is meant by “sustainability marketing?” The objective of the paper was to understand how sustainability marketing is conceptualized. Using Hopwood et al.’s (2005) sustainability framework as a guide, three sustainability marketing conceptualizations were identified: status quo, reformative, and transformative. The study found that most of the literature had a weak perspective of sustainability, with more than half the papers adhering to the status quo conceptualization. This paper presents transformative sustainability marketing as the means through which marketing can positively contribute to the sustainability agenda. It is through this form of marketing that we can question the role marketers play in inhibiting sustainability and how they can help change the institutions and ideology that prevent a shift to a sustainable society.
Joya A. Kemper; Paul W. Ballantine. What Do We Mean by “Sustainability Marketing?” An Abstract. Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science 2017, 447 -447.
AMA StyleJoya A. Kemper, Paul W. Ballantine. What Do We Mean by “Sustainability Marketing?” An Abstract. Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science. 2017; ():447-447.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoya A. Kemper; Paul W. Ballantine. 2017. "What Do We Mean by “Sustainability Marketing?” An Abstract." Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science , no. : 447-447.
We examine the influence of user comments on Facebook in the context of relationship status updates.An online experiment was conducted with 453 participants.Comments from other users alter perceptions of a Facebook relationship status update.Attitudes are more driven by the valence of the comments than the nature of the status. The purpose of this paper is to examine how social media users' comments influence people's perception of information on Facebook. This was explored in the context of relationship status updates, where a person makes an announcement via Facebook about the formation or dissolution of a real-world romantic relationship. An online experiment was conducted to investigate how positive or negative changes in a relationship status, in conjunction with either positive or negative comments toward the relationship status update, can influence attitudes toward the announcement made. Data was collected from 453 participants using a between-subjects 2í¿2 factorial design. The findings suggest that comments from other users alter perceptions of a Facebook relationship status update. Not only do we show that positive comments lead to favorable attitudes toward the status and negative comments lead to poorer attitudes toward the status, the research also shows that observers' attitudes toward an updated relationship status are more driven by the valence of the comments than the nature of the status. That is, positive Facebook statuses can be seen as negative if the comments associated with the status are negative in nature. Implications toward theories of community formation and management online are presented as well as contributions toward those using social media as a means of promoting themselves to others.
Paul Ballantine; Yongjia Lin; Ekant Veer. The influence of user comments on perceptions of Facebook relationship status updates. Computers in Human Behavior 2015, 49, 50 -55.
AMA StylePaul Ballantine, Yongjia Lin, Ekant Veer. The influence of user comments on perceptions of Facebook relationship status updates. Computers in Human Behavior. 2015; 49 ():50-55.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul Ballantine; Yongjia Lin; Ekant Veer. 2015. "The influence of user comments on perceptions of Facebook relationship status updates." Computers in Human Behavior 49, no. : 50-55.
Supermarkets typically have an in-store demonstration located near the promotional end-of-aisle (or end-cap) area due to space requirements. Using a field experiment, we examine whether the occurrence of these in-store promotions competing for attention and engagement can disrupt each other, using binary logistic regression to analyse shopper behaviour. Results show the best way to attract attention to the end-of-aisle is not to have an in-store demonstration near it, or if required, a complementary product to the end-of-aisle should be used. Inferences based upon shopper characteristics are also given, providing important nuances in the attention to, and engagement with, in-store promotions.
Megan Phillips; Andrew G. Parsons; Helene J. Wilkinson; Paul W. Ballantine. Competing for attention with in-store promotions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 2015, 26, 141 -146.
AMA StyleMegan Phillips, Andrew G. Parsons, Helene J. Wilkinson, Paul W. Ballantine. Competing for attention with in-store promotions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 2015; 26 ():141-146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMegan Phillips; Andrew G. Parsons; Helene J. Wilkinson; Paul W. Ballantine. 2015. "Competing for attention with in-store promotions." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 26, no. : 141-146.