The article considers the solution of problematic issues of engineering management of poly fermentation in the study of fermentation temperature of sour-milk drink with apiproducts. In the development of fermented dairy products, the components that are part of them, changes in their composition, and properties in the interconnection are considered as a technological system. The authors took into account that food technologies based on the use of the pure culture of one microorganism are limited by the capabilities of its fermentation system systems, the ultimate goal may not be achieved even by changing the conditions and parameters of cultivation. To successfully carry out fermentation processes in the technological system, a combination of cultures, associations of microorganisms with a wide range of fermentation products in contrast to one culture is promising to use. All experimental samples on a set of indicators prevailed control ones. The leader was a sample fermented with yeast with an equal ratio of cultures at a temperature of 38 – 40 °C. The authors found that the set of indicators of finished products for the production of sour-milk drinks with a complex of apiproducts, it is necessary to choose a three-strain poly fermentation product with a congruent ratio of cultures and set optimal fermentation regimes 39 ±1ºC for 5.0 ±0.3 hours.

The crushing equipment is characterized by a significant energy-consuming system during the crushing workflow. The current trend in the development of such processes puts forward requirements for the development of new or improvement of existing energy-saving equipment. The essence of the solution to the problem in this work is determined by using resonant modes, which are inherently the most effective. The practical implementation of the resonance mode has been achieved taking into account the conditions for the interaction of the resonant vibration crusher with the material at the stages of its destruction. The degree of the stress-strain state of the material is taken into account, which was a prerequisite for identifying the potential for the development of a vibration load. Composed equations of motion based on a substantiated discrete-continuous model of a vibration crusher and processing material. An approach is applied to determine the stepwise destruction of the material with the determination of the required degree of energy. This methodological approach made it possible to reveal the nature of the process of material destruction, where energy costs at the stages of crack formation, their development and final destruction are taken into account. It was revealed that the greatest energy consumption during the operation of crushers goes into the kinetic energy of the crushing plates and the potential energy of deformation of the springs. The proposed model is common for any design of a vibration machine and its operating modes. The stable resonance mode has made it possible to significantly reduce the energy consumption for the course of the technological process of material grinding. The results obtained are used to improve the calculation methods for vibratory jaw and cone crushers that implement the corresponding energy-saving stable zones of the working process.

A simple technological method is proposed and tested experimentally, which allows for the improvement of mechanical properties in sheet two-phase high-strength titanium alloys VT23 and VT23M on the finished product (rolled metal), due to impact-oscillatory loading. Under impact-oscillatory loading and dynamic non-equilibrium processes (DNP) are realized in titanium alloys, leading to the self-organization of the structure. As a result, the mechanical properties of titanium alloys vary significantly with subsequent loading after the realization of DNP. In this study, the test modes are found, which can be used in the production conditions.

The volume of ethanol production waste—molasses waste in Ukraine—reaches up to 4 million m³ per year. It is not easy to dispose of and is polluting the environment. Currently, the development of an effective technology for using molasses in biogas plants to obtain energy gas—biogas—is an urgent problem. The purpose of our work is to determine the rational volume of loading molasses bard into the methane tank in a quasi-continuous mode to obtain the maximum volume of biogas. To achieve this goal, the following experimental studies were carried out: mono-fermentation of molasses and combined fermentation of cattle manure and molasses on a laboratory biogas plant in a periodic mode; on the basis of the obtained laboratory studies, a special simulation model of biogas output during the quasi-continuous fermentation of substrates was established and the amount of molasses added to obtain the maximum biogas output was determined. The maximum output of biogas under the periodic system of loading the methane tank when adding 10.5% molasses to cattle manure is 1.462 l/(h kg DOM); when adding 26.1% molasses to cattle manure, it is 3.594 l/(h kg DOM). In order to increase the yield of biogas, it is advisable to add molasses in the amount of 30% of the volume of the substrate to the substrate based on cattle manure, which allows the discounted payback period of the biogas plant to be reduced to 1.2 years.

The urgency of the study is due to the need to increase the productivity of biogas plants by intensifying the process of methane fermentation of cattle manure in mesophilic mode by adding to it the waste from biodiesel production: crude glycerine. To substantiate the rational amount of crude glycerine in the substrate, the following tasks were performed: determination of dry matter, dry organic matter, and moisture of the substrate from cattle manure with the addition of crude glycerine; conducting experimental studies on biogas yield during fermentation of cattle manure with the addition of crude glycerine with periodic loading of the substrate; and development of a biogas yield model and determination of the rational composition of crude glycerine with its gradual loading into biogas plants with cattle manure. The article presents the results of research on fermentation of substrates in a laboratory biogas plant with a useful volume of 30 L, which fermented different proportions of crude glycerine with cattle manure at a temperature of 30 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C. The scientific novelty of the work is to determine the patterns of intensification of the process of methane fermentation of cattle manure with the addition of different portions of crude glycerine. A rapid increase in biogas yield is observed when the glycerol content is up to 0.75%. With the addition of more glycerine, the growth of biogas yield slows down. The digester of the biogas plant, where experimental studies were conducted on the fermentation of substrates based on cattle manure with the addition of co-substrates, is suitable for periodic loading of the substrate. As a rule, existing biogas plants use a gradual mode of loading the digester. Conducting experimental studies on biogas yield during fermentation of cattle manure with the addition of crude glycerine with periodic loading of the substrate makes it possible to build a mathematical model of biogas yield and determine the rational composition (up to 0.75%) of crude glycerine with its gradual loading in biogas plants. Adding 0.75% of crude glycerine to the substrate at a fermentation temperature of 30 °C allows to increase the biogas yield by 2.5 times and proportionally increase the production of heat and electricity. The practical application of this knowledge allows the design of an appropriate capacity of the biogas storage tank (gasholder).

The limits of reducing the numerical values of the coefficients of the influence of straw content, moisture, grain contamination, on the change in the throughput of the threshing-separating device and the productivity of the combine are calculated. The boundaries of the probable numerical values of the coefficients of straw content, moisture content and dockage of grain stand have been calculated. The probable boundaries of the numerical values of productivity after an hour of network (ha/h) were calculated, depending on the influence of single and general coefficients. The method for calculating the productivity of combines, depending on the weight of the influence of individual coefficients or their overall effect, is proposed, which will make it possible to predict the likely change in productivity in a particular field and during the harvest period with minimization of biological crop losses. To obtain the resulting coefficient of influence of the state of grain, it should be taken into account that the direction of change in the value of the coefficient of influence must coincide with the direction of its influence on the throughput. That is, the minimum value of moisture, straw content and debris corresponds to the maximum value of the throughput of the threshing-separating device.