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Augmented reality applications provide new ways of presenting cultural heritage assets thanks to the recent advancement in the field of smart devices. Unfortunately, the construction of the hardware and lower computational power of mobile processors limit the potential of these applications. Namely, almost all current visual-inertial odometry libraries employed in smartphones require the real tracked objects to be close and contain distinguishable features, which is an issue when observing large virtual structures outdoors like historical buildings or objects on plain walls of halls or museums. This paper exploits the possibility of using the face cameras available in mobile devices for augmented reality tracking. It designs a prototype composed of iPhone and iPad devices and evaluates its contribution in two scenarios that current systems cannot handle. The results reveal the clear benefit of this approach for the cultural heritage, allowing it to operate in situations when users look up in the sky to see the roof of virtual buildings, or when they move closer to a white wall to perceive details of a virtual painting. In the end, the paper discusses the system’s limitations and proposes solutions to them.
Jan Čejka; Fotis Liarokapis. Look Behind You! – Using a Face Camera for Mobile Augmented Reality Odometry. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 2021, 215 -227.
AMA StyleJan Čejka, Fotis Liarokapis. Look Behind You! – Using a Face Camera for Mobile Augmented Reality Odometry. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV. 2021; ():215-227.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Čejka; Fotis Liarokapis. 2021. "Look Behind You! – Using a Face Camera for Mobile Augmented Reality Odometry." Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV , no. : 215-227.
Underwater cultural heritage sites represent an attractive and exciting experience for diving tourists, even if often it is complicated for them to understand the significance and value of the remains that are usually strongly damaged and covered by the marine organisms. Thanks to the recent advancements in technologies that overcome these problems, augmented reality is nowadays possible even in such harsh conditions, opening new possibilities for enhancing the diver’s experience. However, no user study has formally evaluated the usefulness and usability of augmented reality in open sea underwater environments. This paper presents two novel solutions for underwater augmented reality: a compact marker-based system for small areas, and a complex acoustic system for large areas. Both of them were deployed at an underwater cultural heritage site and evaluated by ten divers in experiments analyzing their perception and remembrance, interests, and user experience. For comparison, the same study was also performed with non-divers assessing the marker-based system on land. Results show that both systems allow divers to encounter new and exciting moments and provide valuable insights for underwater augmented reality applications.
Jan Cejka; Marino Mangeruga; Fabio Bruno; Dimitrios Skarlatos; Fotis Liarokapis. Evaluating the Potential of Augmented Reality Interfaces for Exploring Underwater Historical Sites. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 45017 -45031.
AMA StyleJan Cejka, Marino Mangeruga, Fabio Bruno, Dimitrios Skarlatos, Fotis Liarokapis. Evaluating the Potential of Augmented Reality Interfaces for Exploring Underwater Historical Sites. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 (99):45017-45031.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Cejka; Marino Mangeruga; Fabio Bruno; Dimitrios Skarlatos; Fotis Liarokapis. 2021. "Evaluating the Potential of Augmented Reality Interfaces for Exploring Underwater Historical Sites." IEEE Access 9, no. 99: 45017-45031.
Underwater environments are still providing significant challenges for diver communication and interaction. Smartphones and tablets have the potential to provide great assistance for divers under water and even allow them to utilize augmented and mixed reality, but the housing solutions limit their capabilities. In particular, interaction with them cannot harness a touch screen medium. This paper presents a novel way of providing textual input in underwater environments. The concept is utilizing orientation sensors allowing for tilting a smartphone to input textual information. Three different titling configurations of keyboards were implemented and evaluated on land and in a swimming pool in a user study that involved 17 healthy volunteers and assessed their performance in two different conditions reflecting two typical diving poses. Results clearly demonstrate the benefit of this technique and suggest more effective configurations. A following discussion derives general recommendations for implementing similar methods that use tilting to interact with devices under water.
Jan Čejka; Jiří Chmelík; Fotis Liarokapis. Exploring tilting methods for typing under water. Multimedia Tools and Applications 2020, 1 -19.
AMA StyleJan Čejka, Jiří Chmelík, Fotis Liarokapis. Exploring tilting methods for typing under water. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 2020; ():1-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Čejka; Jiří Chmelík; Fotis Liarokapis. 2020. "Exploring tilting methods for typing under water." Multimedia Tools and Applications , no. : 1-19.
Underwater sites are a harsh environment for augmented reality applications. Divers must battle poor visibility conditions, difficult navigation, and hard manipulation with devices under water. This chapter focuses on the problem of localizing a device under water using markers. It discusses various filters that enhance and improve underwater images and their impact on marker-based tracking. Then, it presents different combinations of ten image-improving algorithms and four marker-detecting algorithms and tests their performance in real situations. All solutions are designed to run real-time on mobile devices to provide a solid basis for augmented reality. The usability of this solution is evaluated on locations in the Mediterranean Sea. Results show that image improving algorithms with carefully chosen parameters can reduce the problems with underwater visibility and enhance the detection of markers. The best results are obtained with marker detecting algorithms specifically designed for marine environments.
Jan Čejka; Fotis Liarokapis; Jan Čejka. Tackling Problems of Marker-Based Augmented Reality Under Water. Movement, Time, Technology, and Art 2020, 205 -224.
AMA StyleJan Čejka, Fotis Liarokapis, Jan Čejka. Tackling Problems of Marker-Based Augmented Reality Under Water. Movement, Time, Technology, and Art. 2020; ():205-224.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Čejka; Fotis Liarokapis; Jan Čejka. 2020. "Tackling Problems of Marker-Based Augmented Reality Under Water." Movement, Time, Technology, and Art , no. : 205-224.
Modern technologies allow us to experience cultural heritage sites in new and exciting ways. Recent improvements in mobile computing provide tools capable of running augmented reality in real-time performance. Augmented reality is the perfect medium for visualizing and interacting with cultural heritage sites including both buildings and artefacts. Currently, this is possible on land, but sites located in the sea under water are hard to access and present many challenges. In this paper, we present a novel augmented reality guide for divers to present ancient lost buildings at underwater archeological sites. The prototype system runs on a smartphone sealed in a waterproof case and uses a hybrid approach (markers and inertial sensors) to localize the diver on the site. Accuracy of the tracker is measured in a laboratory in a simulated underwater environment. The application was experimentally evaluated at an underwater archeological site in Italy in Baiae. A pilot study with ten expert divers was performed, and their feedback, obtained directly in water, showed that this new experience significantly enhances user experience in underwater archeological sites.
Jan Čejka; Attila Zsíros; Fotis Liarokapis. A hybrid augmented reality guide for underwater cultural heritage sites. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 2020, 24, 815 -828.
AMA StyleJan Čejka, Attila Zsíros, Fotis Liarokapis. A hybrid augmented reality guide for underwater cultural heritage sites. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. 2020; 24 (6):815-828.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Čejka; Attila Zsíros; Fotis Liarokapis. 2020. "A hybrid augmented reality guide for underwater cultural heritage sites." Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 24, no. 6: 815-828.
Augmented reality can be deployed in various application domains, such as enhancing human vision, manufacturing, medicine, military, entertainment, and archeology. One of the least explored areas is the underwater environment. The main benefit of augmented reality in these environments is that it can help divers navigate to points of interest or present interesting information about archaeological and touristic sites (e.g., ruins of buildings, shipwrecks). However, the harsh sea environment affects computer vision algorithms and complicates the detection of objects, which is essential for augmented reality. This paper presents a new algorithm for the detection of fiducial markers that is tailored to underwater environments. It also proposes a method that generates synthetic images with such markers in these environments. This new detector is compared with existing solutions using synthetic images and images taken in the real world, showing that it performs better than other detectors: it finds more markers than faster algorithms and runs faster than robust algorithms that detect the same amount of markers.
Jan Čejka; Fabio Bruno; Dimitrios Skarlatos; Fotis Liarokapis. Detecting Square Markers in Underwater Environments. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 459 .
AMA StyleJan Čejka, Fabio Bruno, Dimitrios Skarlatos, Fotis Liarokapis. Detecting Square Markers in Underwater Environments. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (4):459.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Čejka; Fabio Bruno; Dimitrios Skarlatos; Fotis Liarokapis. 2019. "Detecting Square Markers in Underwater Environments." Remote Sensing 11, no. 4: 459.
This work presents a new method for computing continuous collision detection between two rigid bodies. It introduces a new acceleration structure that divides the object space into tetrahedra, and describes how this structure can utilize temporal coherence in computing collision detection. It explains how to detect collisions between basic primitives using this structure, especially vertex-face, edge-edge, and face-vertex collisions.
Jan Čejka. Continuous Collision Detection Using Tetrahedral Structures. 2015 7th International Conference on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications (VS-Games) 2015, 1 -4.
AMA StyleJan Čejka. Continuous Collision Detection Using Tetrahedral Structures. 2015 7th International Conference on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications (VS-Games). 2015; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Čejka. 2015. "Continuous Collision Detection Using Tetrahedral Structures." 2015 7th International Conference on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications (VS-Games) , no. : 1-4.