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Dr. Kifayatullah Kakar
Hiroshima University

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Journal article
Published: 07 April 2021 in Agriculture
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The management of amylose and protein contents and cooking quality are the main challenges in rice macronutrients and quality improvement. This experiment was conducted to examine the rice grain quality, alkali digestion, and gel consistency responses to irrigation interval after anthesis. Three rice varieties (K1, K3, and K4) were subjected to different irrigation intervals (1, 2, and 3 d) after anthesis. The findings of this study showed that the protein content was markedly increased from 6.53–6.63% to 9.93–10.16%, whilst the amylose content was decreased significantly from 22.00–22.43% to 16.33–17.56% under stressed treatments at irrigation intervals, whilst the quantity of fatty acids was not affected. The 3-d irrigation interval recorded the highest protein content but the lowest amylose value. In addition, this treatment shows lower gelatinization temperature, but it is negatively associated with hard gel consistency under irrigation interval. This study highlights that the water management following a 3-d irrigation interval from anthesis is a useful and simple treatment to improve rice nutrients and grain cooking quality.

ACS Style

Ramin Rayee; Tran Xuan; Tran Khanh; Hoang-Dung Tran; Kakar Kifayatullah. Efficacy of Irrigation Interval after Anthesis on Grain Quality, Alkali Digestion, and Gel Consistency of Rice. Agriculture 2021, 11, 325 .

AMA Style

Ramin Rayee, Tran Xuan, Tran Khanh, Hoang-Dung Tran, Kakar Kifayatullah. Efficacy of Irrigation Interval after Anthesis on Grain Quality, Alkali Digestion, and Gel Consistency of Rice. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (4):325.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramin Rayee; Tran Xuan; Tran Khanh; Hoang-Dung Tran; Kakar Kifayatullah. 2021. "Efficacy of Irrigation Interval after Anthesis on Grain Quality, Alkali Digestion, and Gel Consistency of Rice." Agriculture 11, no. 4: 325.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2020 in Agriculture
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Nutrient management and fertilizer application are influential elements for high yield and preferred grain quality. Negligible information is available regarding fertilizer application in the paddy fields in Afghanistan. This research elucidates the efficacy of different fertilizers’ application on growth attributes, yield potential, and grain quality of rice. The treatments included the traditional application rate of nitrogen and phosphorus (RD), animal manure (AM), animal manure with 50% nitrogen and phosphorus of the traditional application rate (AMRD), sawdust (SD), and sawdust with 50% nitrogen and phosphorus of the traditional application rate (SDRD). Growth parameters, grain yield and its components, physicochemical properties, and morphological observation using scanning electron microscopy were recorded. The results revealed that the greatest panicle number, spikelet number, and grain yield were recorded in AMRD and SDRD treatments. Both AMRD and SDRD treatments increased the percentage of protein, amylose, and lipid contents, as well as the percentage of perfect grain compared to the RD treatment. Rice grain in RD treatment had very few protein bodies and their traces (pits), as well as the formation of amyloplasts and starch granules, were normal. However, AMRD and SDRD increased the number of protein bodies and their pits in the rice endosperm. The shapes of the amyloplasts were round and polyhedral with diverse sizes. Starch granules were polygonal with sharply defined edges. This research encourages farmers to adopt the combined application of manures and fertilizers to decrease the dependence on inorganic fertilizers.

ACS Style

Kifayatullah Kakar; Tran Xuan; Zubair Noori; Shafiqullah Aryan; Gulbuddin Gulab. Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield, and Grain Quality of Rice. Agriculture 2020, 10, 544 .

AMA Style

Kifayatullah Kakar, Tran Xuan, Zubair Noori, Shafiqullah Aryan, Gulbuddin Gulab. Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield, and Grain Quality of Rice. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (11):544.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kifayatullah Kakar; Tran Xuan; Zubair Noori; Shafiqullah Aryan; Gulbuddin Gulab. 2020. "Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield, and Grain Quality of Rice." Agriculture 10, no. 11: 544.

Review
Published: 19 March 2020 in Sustainability
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The riverine ecosystems of the Mekong River Basin possess the world’s most productive inland fishery and provide highly productive food crops for millions of people annually. The development of hydropower potential in the Mekong River has long been of interest to governments in the region. Among the existing 64 dams, 46 dams have been built in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) to produce up to 8650 MW of electricity. Additionally, of the 123 proposed built hydropower dams, eleven hydropower plants have been nominated for the river mainstream and are expected to install a total of 13,000 MW in the LMB countries. However, serious concerns have intensified over the potential negative economic consequences, especially on fisheries and agriculture in Cambodia and Vietnam. To date, most of the concerns have concentrated on the impacts on hydrology, environment, livelihood, and diversity in the LMB attributed to hydropower development. This paper, however, discusses the fishery and agricultural sectors of the LMB and focuses on the downstream floodplains of Cambodia and Vietnam. The dam construction has caused greater losses of biodiversity and fisheries than climate change in the LMB. The reduction of 276,847 and 178,169 t of fish, 3.7% and 2.3% of rice, 21.0% and 10.0% of maize will contribute to a decrease of 3.7% and 0.3% of the GDP of Cambodia and Vietnam, respectively. Lao PDR may benefit the most revenue from electricity generation than the other country in the LMB, as most of the proposed dams are projected in the country. Cambodia burdens 3/4 of the reduction of total capture fishery destruction, whilst Lao PDR, Thailand, and Vietnam endure the remaining 1/3 losses. The tradeoff analyses reveal that losses of capture fisheries, sediment or nutrients, and social mitigation costs are greater than the benefits from electricity generation, improved irrigation, and flood control of the LMB region. The socioeconomic and environmental damage caused by hydropower dams in developing countries, including the Mekong, is greater than the early costs in North America and Europe. It is proposed that dam construction for hydropower in the Mekong River, as well as other rivers in developing countries, should be gradually removed and shifted toward solar, wind, and other renewable resources.

ACS Style

Yuichiro Yoshida; Han Soo Lee; Bui Huy Trung; Hoang-Dung Tran; Mahrjan Keshlav Lall; Kifayatullah Kakar; Tran Dang Xuan. Impacts of Mainstream Hydropower Dams on Fisheries and Agriculture in Lower Mekong Basin. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2408 .

AMA Style

Yuichiro Yoshida, Han Soo Lee, Bui Huy Trung, Hoang-Dung Tran, Mahrjan Keshlav Lall, Kifayatullah Kakar, Tran Dang Xuan. Impacts of Mainstream Hydropower Dams on Fisheries and Agriculture in Lower Mekong Basin. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2408.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuichiro Yoshida; Han Soo Lee; Bui Huy Trung; Hoang-Dung Tran; Mahrjan Keshlav Lall; Kifayatullah Kakar; Tran Dang Xuan. 2020. "Impacts of Mainstream Hydropower Dams on Fisheries and Agriculture in Lower Mekong Basin." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2408.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2019 in Sustainability
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Attempts regarding the improvement and development of novel rice with better quality and higher productivity have been increasing. Among approaches, mutation is a direct alteration on the genome and considered as one of the most beneficial routes to acquire new beneficial traits in rice. An experiment was carried out to explore the effects of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) mutation on the antioxidant activities, phytochemical compounds, and momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) in rice. Two rice cultivars, K1 (an original cultivar DT84) and K2 (mutated DT84), were examined. Antioxidant activities, phenolic compounds, and momilactones of the rice grain, husk, and straw portions were measured and quantified. Antioxidant activities were higher in grain and straw of K2, whereas K1 showed greater antioxidant activity in rice husk. Additionally, K2 displayed higher total phenolic contents (TPC) in grain and straw as well as lower of it in the husk, but these variations significantly differed only in the straw portion. An increase in total flavonoid contents (TFC) was observed in the husk of K1, while K2 significantly enhanced TFC in straw. Both MA and MB, two compounds obtaining antidiabetes, anticancer, antimicrobial, antigout, and antiobesity properties, were detected and quantified in grain, husk, and straw of K1 and K2 samples. Generally, the contents of MA were higher than MB in all tested portions of rice crop. MA and MB were higher in straw followed by those in husk and grain, respectively. K2 contained higher amounts of MA and MB in straw and husk, but lower contents in grain compared with those in K1. This study illustrates that MNU mutation can improve grain quality and enhance bioactive compounds in straw, husk, and grain of rice. This approach has the potential to develop functional foods from rice, and therefore help farmers in developing countries to improve value in rice production.

ACS Style

Kifayatullah Kakar; Tran Dang Xuan; Nguyen Van Quan; Imran Khan Wafa; Hoang-Dung Tran; Tran Dang Khanh; Tran Dang Dat. Efficacy of N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Mutation on Physicochemical Properties, Phytochemicals, and Momilactones A and B in Rice. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6862 .

AMA Style

Kifayatullah Kakar, Tran Dang Xuan, Nguyen Van Quan, Imran Khan Wafa, Hoang-Dung Tran, Tran Dang Khanh, Tran Dang Dat. Efficacy of N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Mutation on Physicochemical Properties, Phytochemicals, and Momilactones A and B in Rice. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (23):6862.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kifayatullah Kakar; Tran Dang Xuan; Nguyen Van Quan; Imran Khan Wafa; Hoang-Dung Tran; Tran Dang Khanh; Tran Dang Dat. 2019. "Efficacy of N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Mutation on Physicochemical Properties, Phytochemicals, and Momilactones A and B in Rice." Sustainability 11, no. 23: 6862.

Preprint
Published: 19 October 2019 in SSRN Electronic Journal
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Nutrient management is a crucial factor and needs consideration for better growth and high yield of green pepper. An experiment was conducted in the experimental farm of Nangarhar University Faculty of Agriculture to evaluate the influence of different methods of biofertilizer on growth and yield performances of green pepper during 2017. The experiment was conducted with randomized complete block design in five treatments and four replications. The treatments were (1) control, (2) traditional method (TM), (3) root dipping (RD), (4) soil application (SA), and (5) root dipping and soil application (RDSA). Results showed that plant length, branch number, fruit number, and fruit weight were significantly different among treatments. RDSA increased branch and fruit numbers, as well as fruit length, compared to other treatments. RDSA had a greater yield which was 5.4 ton per hectare, followed by TM, SA, RD, and control which were 5.1, 4.7, 4.3, and 3.8 ton per hectare, respectively. Economic analysis of fertilizer’s expenses revealed that TM, RDSA, SA, and RD used a huge amount of chemical and biofertilizers. However, RDSA enhanced net income followed by TM, SA, and RD. This research will encourage farmers to adopt with biofertilizers and decrease the use of chemical fertilizers for eco-friendly forming.

ACS Style

Saidajan Attiq Abdiani; Kifayatullah Kakar; Gulbuddin Gulab; Shafiqullah Aryan. Influence of Biofertilizer Application Methods on Growth and Yield Performances of Green Pepper. SSRN Electronic Journal 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Saidajan Attiq Abdiani, Kifayatullah Kakar, Gulbuddin Gulab, Shafiqullah Aryan. Influence of Biofertilizer Application Methods on Growth and Yield Performances of Green Pepper. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saidajan Attiq Abdiani; Kifayatullah Kakar; Gulbuddin Gulab; Shafiqullah Aryan. 2019. "Influence of Biofertilizer Application Methods on Growth and Yield Performances of Green Pepper." SSRN Electronic Journal , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 27 September 2019 in Agriculture
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Mutation technology has been applied more in recent decades to achieve novel products that are not commonly found in nature. An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) mutation on the growth, yield, and physicochemical properties of rice. Seeds of two rice cultivars (K1: DT84, and K3: Q5), along with their mutant lines (K2: mutated DT84, and K4: mutated Q5), were sown, and the established seedlings were transplanted to an open field. Ten hills per plot were randomly selected to evaluate growth parameters, yield, and components. Physicochemical attributes, including protein, amylose, and lipid contents, as well as taste score were measured by a quality tester device. The results showed that plant length, tiller number, and panicle length were higher in mutant lines than those of their cultivars. Furthermore, mutant lines took longer to reach heading and maturity stage. The highest panicle number, spikelet number, repined ratio, 1000 grain weight, 1000 brown rice weight, and grain yield were obtained in mutant lines, as compared to cultivars. The greatest grain yield was obtained in the K4 mutant line (11.6 t/ha), while the lowest was recorded in the K1 cultivar (7.7 t/ha). Lower amylose, protein, and lipid contents were observed in mutant lines compared to those in cultivars. The taste score, which increased from 67.7 to 73.7, was found to be correlated with lower amylose, protein, and lipid contents. The mutation approach increased the grain length but decreased the grain width of tested varieties. This study highlights and suggests the importance of MNU mutation in terms of rice yield improvement with preferable quality.

ACS Style

Kifayatullah Kakar; Tran Dang Xuan; Nguyen Van Quan; Imran Khan Wafa; Hoang-Dung Tran; Tran Dang Khanh; Tran Dang Dat. Efficacy of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) Mutation on Enhancing the Yield and Quality of Rice. Agriculture 2019, 9, 212 .

AMA Style

Kifayatullah Kakar, Tran Dang Xuan, Nguyen Van Quan, Imran Khan Wafa, Hoang-Dung Tran, Tran Dang Khanh, Tran Dang Dat. Efficacy of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) Mutation on Enhancing the Yield and Quality of Rice. Agriculture. 2019; 9 (10):212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kifayatullah Kakar; Tran Dang Xuan; Nguyen Van Quan; Imran Khan Wafa; Hoang-Dung Tran; Tran Dang Khanh; Tran Dang Dat. 2019. "Efficacy of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) Mutation on Enhancing the Yield and Quality of Rice." Agriculture 9, no. 10: 212.

Crop morphology
Published: 05 August 2019 in Plant Production Science
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Effects of organic (Italian ryegrass and Bokashi) and chemical fertilizer on growth, yield, and grain quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were compared under different planting densities in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. Italian ryegrass was incorporated into the soil as green manure. Bokashi (a mixture of organic materials) was applied as basal dressing. To measure yield and its components, 30 hills were chosen for each treatment. Rice grains were harvested from each treatment to assess the grain quality and to evaluate accumulation structures using a scanning electron microscope. Bokashi treatment increased panicle number per hill, ripened grain percentage, panicle number per m2, and grain yield compared to no fertilizer treatment at normal planting density. Chemical fertilizer treatment increased plant length at high planting density. Italian ryegrass and Bokashi treatments promoted the taste point (taste score as reference) by reduction of amylose and protein contents at normal planting density in contrast to chemical fertilizer. 1000-grain weight, panicle number per m2, and grain yield were higher at high planting density than at normal planting density. However, high planting density decreased panicle number per hill and spikelet number per panicle. It also enhanced the amylose content of rice grain. Scanning electron microscopic observation revealed that chemical fertilizer treatment marked up protein bodies and their traces on amyloplasts. However, Bokashi treatment produced large amyloplasts, which included many starch granules. These results show that Italian ryegrass and Bokashi can offset reductions of chemical fertilizer and can lead to sufficient starch accumulation structures in rice grains. Graphical Abstract (Kakar et al.)

ACS Style

Kifayatullah Kakar; Youji Nitta; Naomi Asagi; Masakazu Komatsuzaki; Fumitaka Shiotsu; Toshiaki Kokubo; Tran Dang Xuan. Morphological analysis on comparison of organic and chemical fertilizers on grain quality of rice at different planting densities. Plant Production Science 2019, 22, 510 -518.

AMA Style

Kifayatullah Kakar, Youji Nitta, Naomi Asagi, Masakazu Komatsuzaki, Fumitaka Shiotsu, Toshiaki Kokubo, Tran Dang Xuan. Morphological analysis on comparison of organic and chemical fertilizers on grain quality of rice at different planting densities. Plant Production Science. 2019; 22 (4):510-518.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kifayatullah Kakar; Youji Nitta; Naomi Asagi; Masakazu Komatsuzaki; Fumitaka Shiotsu; Toshiaki Kokubo; Tran Dang Xuan. 2019. "Morphological analysis on comparison of organic and chemical fertilizers on grain quality of rice at different planting densities." Plant Production Science 22, no. 4: 510-518.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in Agriculture
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Rice is an important staple food for Afghans. Its production has been increased, and attention is needed to improve grain quality. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth, yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and morphological structures of four exotic rice varieties widely grown in Afghanistan (Attai-1, Jalalabad-14, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass). Antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), of rice grain were determined. A scanning electron microscopic observation was conducted on the cross-cut section of dehulled rice grains. The results showed a wide variation among four rice varieties for growth, grain yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and morphology. Tiller and panicle number per hill, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and antioxidant activities were found to be highest in Jalalabad-14. Attai-1 showed lower amylose, protein, and lipid contents with a high number of perfect grains, consequently enhanced taste point (score of quality). Grain yield, protein, and amylose contents showed a negative correlation with antioxidant activities. Accumulated structures in Attai-1, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass were normal; however, Jalalabad-14 increased protein bodies and its traces in the amyloplasts. Information on yield potential, grain quality, and nutritional value of these exotic rice varieties may useful for sustainable food provision and nutritional improvement of rice in Afghanistan.

ACS Style

Kifayatullah Kakar; Tran Dang Xuan; Saidajan Abdiani; Imran Khan Wafa; Zubair Noori; Shakeib Attai; Tran Dang Khanh; Hoang-Dung Tran. Morphological Observation and Correlation of Growth and Yield Characteristics with Grain Quality and Antioxidant Activities in Exotic Rice Varieties of Afghanistan. Agriculture 2019, 9, 167 .

AMA Style

Kifayatullah Kakar, Tran Dang Xuan, Saidajan Abdiani, Imran Khan Wafa, Zubair Noori, Shakeib Attai, Tran Dang Khanh, Hoang-Dung Tran. Morphological Observation and Correlation of Growth and Yield Characteristics with Grain Quality and Antioxidant Activities in Exotic Rice Varieties of Afghanistan. Agriculture. 2019; 9 (8):167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kifayatullah Kakar; Tran Dang Xuan; Saidajan Abdiani; Imran Khan Wafa; Zubair Noori; Shakeib Attai; Tran Dang Khanh; Hoang-Dung Tran. 2019. "Morphological Observation and Correlation of Growth and Yield Characteristics with Grain Quality and Antioxidant Activities in Exotic Rice Varieties of Afghanistan." Agriculture 9, no. 8: 167.

Journal article
Published: 07 March 2019 in Agriculture
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Poverty is a critical issue that is stagnating the development of Afghanistan. In 2007, more than 42% of the population of the country was reported as being below the poverty line, but until 2014, 78.2% of households even in the urban areas were still dealing with food shortages. The agriculture sector is the backbone of the country’s economy and contributes as the key sector to the revival of the well-being of people in Afghanistan. Rice is the second staple crop after wheat and plays a key role in food security, nutrition, and caloric intake. However, Afghan farmers have suffered from the low quality of grains and yield which has resulted in the serious malnutrition which is occurring in the country. Insufficient breeding techniques for new rice cultivars with high yield and acceptable quality, mismanagement of agronomical practices, and unprogressive milling and processing thus can satisfy only 50% of the country’s demand. Accordingly, Afghanistan has been compelled to import a huge annual amount of milled rice from Pakistan, India, and Iran. Although active efforts have been made by the government, research institutes, and international collaboration on rice research, production, and agricultural credits during the last 10 years, the deficit of milled rice in Afghanistan in 2018 is estimated to be 270,250 metric tons. This paper highlights the current situation of rice production in Afghanistan and suggests solutions for food security and sustainability in rice production to promote farmers’ income, consequently strengthening the country’s economy.

ACS Style

Kifayatullah Kakar; Tran Dang Xuan; Mohammad Ismael Haqani; Ramin Rayee; Imran Khan Wafa; Saidajan Abdiani; Hoang-Dung Tran. Current Situation and Sustainable Development of Rice Cultivation and Production in Afghanistan. Agriculture 2019, 9, 49 .

AMA Style

Kifayatullah Kakar, Tran Dang Xuan, Mohammad Ismael Haqani, Ramin Rayee, Imran Khan Wafa, Saidajan Abdiani, Hoang-Dung Tran. Current Situation and Sustainable Development of Rice Cultivation and Production in Afghanistan. Agriculture. 2019; 9 (3):49.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kifayatullah Kakar; Tran Dang Xuan; Mohammad Ismael Haqani; Ramin Rayee; Imran Khan Wafa; Saidajan Abdiani; Hoang-Dung Tran. 2019. "Current Situation and Sustainable Development of Rice Cultivation and Production in Afghanistan." Agriculture 9, no. 3: 49.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in International Letters of Natural Sciences
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity, grain traits and quality contents in Afghanistan’s selected rice varieties. The antioxidant capacity was measured using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and Reducing Power methods. Grain length, grain width and grain thickness were in the range of 5.4-7.6, 1.7-3.2, and 1.5-2.2 mm respectively. Selah Zoodras, Taram Irani and Attai-1 had the longest grain length whereas Luke was associated with high width and thickness among the varieties. Protein, amylose and lipid content varied from 6.5-9.9, 20.3-23.5, and 10-18% respectively. Barah Kunduz showed the highest protein and lipid content while Selah zoodras was associated highest amylose content. The selected rice varieties possessed moderate antioxidant activity and their physiochemical properties were not correlated with antioxidant capacity. Results of this study provided useful information on the selection and production of rice varieties with high nutritional and pharmaceutical values in Afghanistan.

ACS Style

Ramin Rayee; Tran Dang Xuan; Kifayatullah Kakar; M. Ismael Haqani. Antioxidant Activity, Quality Parameters and Grain Characteristics of Rice Varieties of Afghanistan. International Letters of Natural Sciences 2019, 73, 26 -35.

AMA Style

Ramin Rayee, Tran Dang Xuan, Kifayatullah Kakar, M. Ismael Haqani. Antioxidant Activity, Quality Parameters and Grain Characteristics of Rice Varieties of Afghanistan. International Letters of Natural Sciences. 2019; 73 ():26-35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramin Rayee; Tran Dang Xuan; Kifayatullah Kakar; M. Ismael Haqani. 2019. "Antioxidant Activity, Quality Parameters and Grain Characteristics of Rice Varieties of Afghanistan." International Letters of Natural Sciences 73, no. : 26-35.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Allelopathy Journal
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ACS Style

T.D. Xuan; Y. Roni; Yusuf Andriana; T.D. Khanh; T.T.T. Anh; Kifayatullah Kakar; M.S. Haqani. Chemical profile, antioxidant activities and allelopathic potential of liquid waste from germinated brown rice. Allelopathy Journal 2018, 45, 89 -100.

AMA Style

T.D. Xuan, Y. Roni, Yusuf Andriana, T.D. Khanh, T.T.T. Anh, Kifayatullah Kakar, M.S. Haqani. Chemical profile, antioxidant activities and allelopathic potential of liquid waste from germinated brown rice. Allelopathy Journal. 2018; 45 (1):89-100.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T.D. Xuan; Y. Roni; Yusuf Andriana; T.D. Khanh; T.T.T. Anh; Kifayatullah Kakar; M.S. Haqani. 2018. "Chemical profile, antioxidant activities and allelopathic potential of liquid waste from germinated brown rice." Allelopathy Journal 45, no. 1: 89-100.