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For decades, the western North Pacific (WNP) has been commonly indicated as a region with high vulnerability to oceanic and atmospheric hazards. This phenomenon can be observed through general circulation model (GCM) output from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). The CMIP consists of a collection of ensemble data as well as marine surface winds for the projection of the wave climate. Wave climate projections based on the CMIP dataset are necessary for ocean studies, marine forecasts, and coastal development over the WNP region. Numerous studies with earlier phases of CMIP are abundant, but studies using CMIP6 as the recent dataset for wave projection is still limited. Thus, in this study, wave climate projections with WAVEWATCH III are conducted to investigate how wave characteristics in the WNP will have changed in 2050 and 2100 compared to those in 2000 with atmospheric forcings from CMIP6 marine surface winds. The wave model runs with a 0.5° × 0.5° spatial resolution in spherical coordinates and a 10-min time step. A total of eight GCMs from the CMIP6 dataset are used for the marine surface winds modelled over 3 h for 2050 and 2100. The simulated average wave characteristics for 2000 are validated with the ERA5 Reanalysis wave data showing good consistency. The wave characteristics in 2050 and 2100 show that significant decreases in wave height, a clockwise shift in wave direction, and the mean wave period becomes shorter relative to those in 2000.
Mochamad Badriana; Han Lee. Multimodel Ensemble Projections of Wave Climate in the Western North Pacific Using CMIP6 Marine Surface Winds. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2021, 9, 835 .
AMA StyleMochamad Badriana, Han Lee. Multimodel Ensemble Projections of Wave Climate in the Western North Pacific Using CMIP6 Marine Surface Winds. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021; 9 (8):835.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMochamad Badriana; Han Lee. 2021. "Multimodel Ensemble Projections of Wave Climate in the Western North Pacific Using CMIP6 Marine Surface Winds." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8: 835.
The Balkhab River Basin in northern Afghanistan Snowmelt is a primary water resource in mountainous regions of the world. Remotely sensed snow cover products are useful for obtaining spatial snow information but have unsolved cloud cover issues. Thus, this study demonstrates (1) a spatiotemporal combination approach for reducing cloud cover and improving the accuracy in snow cover extent (SCE) estimation from 2010 to 2018 using the MODIS daily snow cover product version 6 and (2) the sensitivity of snowmelt runoff modelling to SCE inputs with different levels of cloud cover from 2012 to 2014 using a snowmelt runoff model (SRM). The average cloud coverages of the original MODIS Aqua and Terra daily products for the study region and period were reduced from 37.66 % and 31.88 % to 25.9 % after the spatial combination and to 14.28 % and 8.94 %, respectively, after the temporal combination. The temporal combination with previous and following days yielded a substantial improvement in cloud removal. The sensitivity of the SRM results to the different levels of clouds clearly depicts the gradual improvement in the simulated snowmelt runoffs with a cloud cover reduction in the SCE input. Interestingly, the SRM performances with the direct SCE input from Aqua or Terra products are degraded in some cases compared to those without SCE input in the SRM. Thus, careful attention is needed when directly applying remotely sensed snow cover products as input variables in snow hydrological modelling. The simulated snowmelt runoffs are improved substantially in the melting season in March-May. The snowmelt runoff peaks in May are due to the temperature increase and are mainly responsible for extreme floods in the arid study region. This study contributes further to agricultural water resource management for crop cultivation during the dry season from June to September and to flood protection during the snowmelt runoff peaks in May with a potential hydraulic engineering solution.
Wahidullah Hussainzada; Han Soo Lee; Bhanage Vinayak; Ghulam Farooq Khpalwak. Sensitivity of snowmelt runoff modelling to the level of cloud coverage for snow cover extent from daily MODIS product collection 6. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 2021, 36, 100835 .
AMA StyleWahidullah Hussainzada, Han Soo Lee, Bhanage Vinayak, Ghulam Farooq Khpalwak. Sensitivity of snowmelt runoff modelling to the level of cloud coverage for snow cover extent from daily MODIS product collection 6. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies. 2021; 36 ():100835.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWahidullah Hussainzada; Han Soo Lee; Bhanage Vinayak; Ghulam Farooq Khpalwak. 2021. "Sensitivity of snowmelt runoff modelling to the level of cloud coverage for snow cover extent from daily MODIS product collection 6." Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 36, no. : 100835.
According to the United Nations (UN) Atlas of the Oceans, about 44% of the world’s population lives in coastal areas within 150 km of the sea
Han Lee; Young-Jin Choi; Seung-Buhm Woo. Numerical Models in Coastal Hazards and Coastal Environment. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2021, 9, 494 .
AMA StyleHan Lee, Young-Jin Choi, Seung-Buhm Woo. Numerical Models in Coastal Hazards and Coastal Environment. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021; 9 (5):494.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan Lee; Young-Jin Choi; Seung-Buhm Woo. 2021. "Numerical Models in Coastal Hazards and Coastal Environment." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 5: 494.
Nine first-class rivers on the north-eastern Japanese Pacific Ocean coast. This study shows new confirmative data that the Cell Distributed Runoff Model version 3.1.1 (CDRM) calibrated by the Shuffled Complex Evolution optimization method developed at the University of Arizona (SCE-UA) can accurately forecast real-time river discharges induced by extreme typhoon Hagibis. Furthermore, we discuss reasons for the equifinality of three calibrated parameter sets, relative importance of typhoon features for calibration and quantify the relationship of distances between the trajectories of three typhoons and associated river basins. As a result of climate change impacts, record-breaking disasters with unprecedented heavy rainfalls, typhoon intensities and associated extreme river discharges are increasing, making it important to develop the real-time forecasting tools for extreme river discharges during floods. The CDRM accurately projected river mouth discharges from three Japanese typhoons (Hagibis-2019, Roke-2011 and Chataan-2002) using calibrated parameter sets from each typhoon. We found the equifinality issue among the calibrated parameter sets but they showed satisfactory cross-validation results with respect to river mouth hydrographs; that similar typhoon trajectories were more important for calibration than rainfall intensities and central pressures; that this methodology was accurate for typhoons passing within distances lower than 130 km from associated river basins. These findings contribute to developing the real-time forecasting tools for extreme river discharges during unprecedented heavy rainfall floods.
Joško Trošelj; Han Soo Lee. Modelling typhoon-induced extreme river discharges: A case study of Typhoon Hagibis in Japan. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 2021, 34, 100776 .
AMA StyleJoško Trošelj, Han Soo Lee. Modelling typhoon-induced extreme river discharges: A case study of Typhoon Hagibis in Japan. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies. 2021; 34 ():100776.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoško Trošelj; Han Soo Lee. 2021. "Modelling typhoon-induced extreme river discharges: A case study of Typhoon Hagibis in Japan." Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 34, no. : 100776.
To address the issues of water shortages and the loss of agricultural products at harvest in northern Afghanistan, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied for agricultural water resource management by simulating surface runoff in the Balkhab River basin (BRB) on a monthly basis from 2013 to 2018. Elevation, slope, land cover data, soil maps, and climate data such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation were used as inputs in the SWAT modelling. During the dry season from July to September, the water resources downstream were basically attributed to baseflow from groundwater. In the calibration, the groundwater baseflow was estimated by analyzing station-recorded discharges for 190 springs. With the estimated baseflow, the SWAT results were markedly improved, with R2 values of 0.70, 0.86, 0.67, and 0.80, Nash-Sutcliff efficiency (NSE) values of 0.52, 0.83, 0.40, and 0.57, and percent bias (PBIAS) values of 23.4, −8.5, 23.4, and 17.5 in the four different subbasins. In the validation, the statistics also indicated satisfactory results. The output of this study can be used in agricultural water resource management with irrigation practices and further in the assessment of climate change effects on the water resources in the BRB.
Wahidullah Hussainzada; Han Soo Lee. Hydrological Modelling for Water Resource Management in a Semi-Arid Mountainous Region Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool: A Case Study in Northern Afghanistan. Hydrology 2021, 8, 16 .
AMA StyleWahidullah Hussainzada, Han Soo Lee. Hydrological Modelling for Water Resource Management in a Semi-Arid Mountainous Region Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool: A Case Study in Northern Afghanistan. Hydrology. 2021; 8 (1):16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWahidullah Hussainzada; Han Soo Lee. 2021. "Hydrological Modelling for Water Resource Management in a Semi-Arid Mountainous Region Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool: A Case Study in Northern Afghanistan." Hydrology 8, no. 1: 16.
This study aims to assess the impact of climate change on the distribution of Styrax sumatrana in North Sumatra by applying the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model with biophysical factors (elevation, slope, aspect, and soil), climatic factors (19 bioclimate data sets for 2050 and 2070), and anthropogenic factors (land use land cover (LULC) changes in 2050 and 2070). The future climate data retrieved and used are the output of four climate models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), namely, the CCSM4, CNRM-CM5, MIROC5, and MRI-CGCM3 models, under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The MaxEnt modelling results showed the importance of the mean temperature of the coldest quarter and the LULC variables. Styrax sumatrana rely on environmental conditions with air temperatures ranging from 13 to 19 °C. The potentially suitable land types for Styrax sumatrana are shrubs, gardens, and forests. The future predictions show that the suitable habitat for Styrax sumatrana is predicted to decrease to 3.87% in 2050 and to 3.54% in 2070 under the RCP4.5 scenario. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, the suitable area is predicted to decrease to 3.04% in 2050 and to 1.36% in 2070, respectively. The degradation of the suitable area is mainly due to increasing temperature and deforestation in future predictions. The modelling results illustrate that the suitable habitats of Styrax sumatrana are likely to be reduced under future climate change scenarios or lost in 2070 under the RCP8.5 scenario. The potential future extinction of this species should alert authorities to formulate conservation strategies. Results also demonstrated key variables that should be used for formulating ex situ conservation strategies.
Muhammad Saputra; Han Lee. Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts on the Potential Distribution of Styrax sumatrana in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 462 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Saputra, Han Lee. Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts on the Potential Distribution of Styrax sumatrana in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):462.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Saputra; Han Lee. 2021. "Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts on the Potential Distribution of Styrax sumatrana in North Sumatra, Indonesia." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 462.
In this study, prediction of the future land use land cover (LULC) changes over Mumbai and its surrounding region, India, was conducted to have reference information in urban development. To obtain the historical dynamics of the LULC, a supervised classification algorithm was applied to the Landsat images of 1992, 2002, and 2011. Based on spatial drivers and LULC of 1992 and 2002, the multiple perceptron neural network (MLPNN)-based Markov chain model (MCM) was applied to simulate the LULC in 2011, which was further validated using kappa statistics. Thereafter, by using 2002 and 2011 LULC, MLPNN-MCM was applied to predict the LULC in 2050. This study predicted the prompt urban growth over the suburban regions of Mumbai, which shows, by 2050, the Urban class will occupy 46.87% (1328.77 km2) of the entire study area. As compared to the LULC in 2011, the Urban and Forest areas in 2050 will increase by 14.31% and 2.05%, respectively, while the area under the Agriculture/Sparsely Vegetated and Barren land will decline by 16.87%. The class of water and the coastal feature will experience minute fluctuations (<1%) in the future. The predicted LULC for 2050 can be used as a thematic map in various climatic, environmental, and urban planning models to achieve the aims of sustainable development over the region.
Bhanage Vinayak; Han Lee; Shirishkumar Gedem. Prediction of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Mumbai City, India, Using Remote Sensing Data and a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network-Based Markov Chain Model. Sustainability 2021, 13, 471 .
AMA StyleBhanage Vinayak, Han Lee, Shirishkumar Gedem. Prediction of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Mumbai City, India, Using Remote Sensing Data and a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network-Based Markov Chain Model. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):471.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBhanage Vinayak; Han Lee; Shirishkumar Gedem. 2021. "Prediction of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Mumbai City, India, Using Remote Sensing Data and a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network-Based Markov Chain Model." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 471.
High variable renewable energy (VRE) penetration led to the first-ever VRE curtailment in Japan, occurring in Kyushu in October 2018. Since then, there has been an average of 3% solar curtailment, with a peak of 13.7% in April 2019, resulting in approximately ¥9.6 billion of wasted energy. The VRE curtailment is expected to worsen as VRE penetration continues to increase along with nuclear energy increment in line with Japan’s 2030 energy goals. To prevent this curtailment and increase energy stability, a novel, logic-based forecasting method using hourly supply/demand data was developed. Initially, inaccurate results were returned; however, after several rounds of calibration that adjusted the quartile value of the max/min operating windows, the overall accuracy of this method was increased to 97% of real curtailment. This calibrated model was then used to test several curtailment mitigation scenarios. Some scenarios increased curtailment, while the two most successful scenarios, which reduced the installed nuclear capacity either seasonally or totally, limited curtailment by 95% and 97%, respectively. Another scenario with increased grid interconnection between regions reduced curtailment by 79%. Moreover, it would provide other benefits by unifying the national grid thereby increasing disaster resistance, reducing curtailment, improving grid flexibility and allowing for higher VRE penetrations. Currently, the situation is worsening, and some actions are required to reduce the curtailment and to achieve its 2030 energy goals in Japan. The mitigation measures studied by the logic method could be recommended to be referred to.
Alex Bunodiere; Han Soo Lee. Renewable Energy Curtailment: Prediction Using a Logic-Based Forecasting Method and Mitigation Measures in Kyushu, Japan. Energies 2020, 13, 4703 .
AMA StyleAlex Bunodiere, Han Soo Lee. Renewable Energy Curtailment: Prediction Using a Logic-Based Forecasting Method and Mitigation Measures in Kyushu, Japan. Energies. 2020; 13 (18):4703.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlex Bunodiere; Han Soo Lee. 2020. "Renewable Energy Curtailment: Prediction Using a Logic-Based Forecasting Method and Mitigation Measures in Kyushu, Japan." Energies 13, no. 18: 4703.
This study aims to identify potential hydropower sites and calculate the theoretical potential hydropower capacity based on watershed modelling of the Mindanao River Basin (MRB) in the Philippines for the sustainable development of a previously unstudied region. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to delineate the watershed of the MRB and simulate the river discharges with inputs from observed precipitation and global gridded precipitation datasets. Observed weather data, such as temperature, humidity, and solar radiation, from four meteorological stations in the Philippines were also used as inputs for SWAT modelling. Simulated discharges were calibrated at three river gauges on the Nituan, Libungan and Pulangi Rivers. However, due to limited river discharge records, model validations were conducted in proxy basins: the calibrated model parameters in river A were used in the watershed modelling of proxy river B. Of the delineated 107 sub-basins in the MRB watershed, only 33 were identified as having potential sites for hydropower development. These potential sub-basins hosted a total of 154 potential sites with an estimated monthly average power capacity of 5,551.35 MW for all 33 sub-basins. The estimated theoretical power capacity of 15,266.22 MW for all sites in the MRB is approximately equivalent to the Philippines’ total available power capacity in 2017 of 15,393 MW. These sites were classified into 16 mini-scale hydropower sites, 114 small-scale hydropower sites and 24 medium-scale hydropower sites based on the simulated river discharges and potential power capacities. Based on these results, hydropower development could be an alternative to strengthen the exploration of renewable energy resources and improve the energy situation in Mindanao; hydropower development could also have mitigation effects on frequent floods in flat, low-lying downstream areas.
Ismail Adal Guiamel; Han Soo Lee. Potential hydropower estimation for the Mindanao River Basin in the Philippines based on watershed modelling using the soil and water assessment tool. Energy Reports 2020, 6, 1010 -1028.
AMA StyleIsmail Adal Guiamel, Han Soo Lee. Potential hydropower estimation for the Mindanao River Basin in the Philippines based on watershed modelling using the soil and water assessment tool. Energy Reports. 2020; 6 ():1010-1028.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsmail Adal Guiamel; Han Soo Lee. 2020. "Potential hydropower estimation for the Mindanao River Basin in the Philippines based on watershed modelling using the soil and water assessment tool." Energy Reports 6, no. : 1010-1028.
This study aims to simulate the watershed of the Mindanao River Basin (MRB) to enhance water resource management for potential hydropower applications to meet the power demand in Mindanao with an average growth of 3.8% annually. The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was used with inputs for geospatial datasets and weather records at four meteorological stations from DOST-PAGASA. To overcome the lack of precipitation data in the MRB, the precipitation records were investigated by comparing the records with the global gridded precipitation datasets from the NCDC-CPC and the GPCC. Then, the SWAT simulated discharges with the three precipitation data were calibrated with river discharge records at three stations in the Nituan, Libungan and Pulangi rivers. Due to limited records for the river discharges, the model results were, then, validated using the proxy basin principle along the same rivers in the Nituan, Libungan, and Pulangi areas. The R2 values from the validation are 0.61, 0.50 and 0.33, respectively, with the DOST-PAGASA precipitation; 0.64, 0.46 and 0.40, respectively, with the NCDC-CPC precipitation; and 0.57, 0.48 and 0.21, respectively, with the GPCC precipitation. The relatively low model performances in Libungan and Pulangi rivers are mainly due to the lack of datasets on the dam and water withdrawal in the MRB. Therefore, this study also addresses the issue of data quality for precipitation and data scarcity for river discharge, dam, and water withdrawal for water resource management in the MRB and show how to overcome the data quality and scarcity.
Ismail Adal Guiamel; Han Soo Lee. Watershed Modelling of the Mindanao River Basin in the Philippines Using the SWAT for Water Resource Management. Civil Engineering Journal 2020, 6, 626 -648.
AMA StyleIsmail Adal Guiamel, Han Soo Lee. Watershed Modelling of the Mindanao River Basin in the Philippines Using the SWAT for Water Resource Management. Civil Engineering Journal. 2020; 6 (4):626-648.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsmail Adal Guiamel; Han Soo Lee. 2020. "Watershed Modelling of the Mindanao River Basin in the Philippines Using the SWAT for Water Resource Management." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 4: 626-648.
The riverine ecosystems of the Mekong River Basin possess the world’s most productive inland fishery and provide highly productive food crops for millions of people annually. The development of hydropower potential in the Mekong River has long been of interest to governments in the region. Among the existing 64 dams, 46 dams have been built in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) to produce up to 8650 MW of electricity. Additionally, of the 123 proposed built hydropower dams, eleven hydropower plants have been nominated for the river mainstream and are expected to install a total of 13,000 MW in the LMB countries. However, serious concerns have intensified over the potential negative economic consequences, especially on fisheries and agriculture in Cambodia and Vietnam. To date, most of the concerns have concentrated on the impacts on hydrology, environment, livelihood, and diversity in the LMB attributed to hydropower development. This paper, however, discusses the fishery and agricultural sectors of the LMB and focuses on the downstream floodplains of Cambodia and Vietnam. The dam construction has caused greater losses of biodiversity and fisheries than climate change in the LMB. The reduction of 276,847 and 178,169 t of fish, 3.7% and 2.3% of rice, 21.0% and 10.0% of maize will contribute to a decrease of 3.7% and 0.3% of the GDP of Cambodia and Vietnam, respectively. Lao PDR may benefit the most revenue from electricity generation than the other country in the LMB, as most of the proposed dams are projected in the country. Cambodia burdens 3/4 of the reduction of total capture fishery destruction, whilst Lao PDR, Thailand, and Vietnam endure the remaining 1/3 losses. The tradeoff analyses reveal that losses of capture fisheries, sediment or nutrients, and social mitigation costs are greater than the benefits from electricity generation, improved irrigation, and flood control of the LMB region. The socioeconomic and environmental damage caused by hydropower dams in developing countries, including the Mekong, is greater than the early costs in North America and Europe. It is proposed that dam construction for hydropower in the Mekong River, as well as other rivers in developing countries, should be gradually removed and shifted toward solar, wind, and other renewable resources.
Yuichiro Yoshida; Han Soo Lee; Bui Huy Trung; Hoang-Dung Tran; Mahrjan Keshlav Lall; Kifayatullah Kakar; Tran Dang Xuan. Impacts of Mainstream Hydropower Dams on Fisheries and Agriculture in Lower Mekong Basin. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2408 .
AMA StyleYuichiro Yoshida, Han Soo Lee, Bui Huy Trung, Hoang-Dung Tran, Mahrjan Keshlav Lall, Kifayatullah Kakar, Tran Dang Xuan. Impacts of Mainstream Hydropower Dams on Fisheries and Agriculture in Lower Mekong Basin. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2408.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuichiro Yoshida; Han Soo Lee; Bui Huy Trung; Hoang-Dung Tran; Mahrjan Keshlav Lall; Kifayatullah Kakar; Tran Dang Xuan. 2020. "Impacts of Mainstream Hydropower Dams on Fisheries and Agriculture in Lower Mekong Basin." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2408.
The assessments of flood‐prone areas and flood risk due to pluvial flooding for Davao Oriental on Mindanao Island in the Philippines were carried out by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and maximum entropy (Maxent) models using multiple criteria such as slope, elevation, soil type, rainfall, drainage density, distance to the main channel, and population density. Flood records from 70 survey points were obtained and used to verify the model results. The criteria weights of the top three important factors in the AHP are rainfall (42%), slope (23%), and elevation (15%), whereas those in the Maxent model are elevation (36%), rainfall (23%), and soil (19%). The verification results show that the accuracies of the AHP and Maxent model are 81 and 95.6%, respectively, indicating that both approaches are reliable in flood hazard and risk assessments. Approximately 22% of the total area and approximately 30% of the total population of Davao Oriental are classified as high risk of pluvial flooding in the current situation by the AHP method. This study shows a broad‐scale high‐level data‐driven screening method that can be used to help identify potential hot spots for pluvial flooding for which more detailed numerical modelling studies should be undertaken.
Jonathan Salar Cabrera; Han Soo Lee. Flood risk assessment for Davao Oriental in the Philippines using geographic information system‐based multi‐criteria analysis and the maximum entropy model. Journal of Flood Risk Management 2020, 13, e12607 .
AMA StyleJonathan Salar Cabrera, Han Soo Lee. Flood risk assessment for Davao Oriental in the Philippines using geographic information system‐based multi‐criteria analysis and the maximum entropy model. Journal of Flood Risk Management. 2020; 13 (2):e12607.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJonathan Salar Cabrera; Han Soo Lee. 2020. "Flood risk assessment for Davao Oriental in the Philippines using geographic information system‐based multi‐criteria analysis and the maximum entropy model." Journal of Flood Risk Management 13, no. 2: e12607.
Styrax sumatrana is the prestigious tree from North Sumatra. The resin which is a product from this tree has high demand and take a role as the primary income for farmer around the forest. However, the climate change along with the land conversion, threatens the species distribution . This paper aims to analyse the variable that contributes to Styrax sumatrana distribution and predict the potential distribution area of the species in North Sumatra Province . Several variables, such as elevation, slope, aspect, climate condition and land use land cover (LULC), were used to analyse the contribution for Styrax sumatrana distribution. The analysis uses the Maximum entropy model to examine the variable contribution for species distribution. The result shows that the mean temperature of the coldest quarter has a higher contribution for species distribution followed by elevation and LULC. The climate condition has a great impact by 28.5% than the other variable. The potential area that is suitable for Styrax sumatrana distribution was 8.91% or around 663,221.94 ha from a total of region.
Muhammad Hadi Saputra; Saut Aritua Hasiholan Sagala; Han Soo Lee. Species Distribution of Styrax sumatrana in North Sumatra using Maxent Modelling Approach. Forum Geografi 2019, 33, 196 -208.
AMA StyleMuhammad Hadi Saputra, Saut Aritua Hasiholan Sagala, Han Soo Lee. Species Distribution of Styrax sumatrana in North Sumatra using Maxent Modelling Approach. Forum Geografi. 2019; 33 (2):196-208.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Hadi Saputra; Saut Aritua Hasiholan Sagala; Han Soo Lee. 2019. "Species Distribution of Styrax sumatrana in North Sumatra using Maxent Modelling Approach." Forum Geografi 33, no. 2: 196-208.
Flooding is one of the major destructive natural disasters in Davao Oriental, Philippines, and results primarily from a high incidence of typhoons and heavy rainfalls. The main objective of this study was to identify flood-prone risk areas by mapping them based on the integration of multiple indicators, including rainfall, slope, elevation, drainage density, soil type, distance to the main channel and population density. For this purpose, a GIS-based flood risk spatial assessment was conducted by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), weights by rank (WR) and ratio weighting (RW) frameworks to determine the relative importance of each indicator against another in the province of Davao Oriental. The resulting flood-prone areas by the three methods are validated by comparing with the estimated flood map based on ground truthing points from a field survey. The comparison results show that AHP is the most appropriate method among them to assess flood hazard. The result of the AHP flood risk map shows that 95.99% (5451.27 km2) of Davao Oriental is under low and moderate flood risk. The high and very high flood risk area covers approximately 3.39% (192.52 km2) of the province, primarily in the coastal areas. Thirty-one out of the one hundred eighty-three (31/183) barangays (towns) are at a high to very high risk of flooding at current climate, calling for the immediate attention of decision-makers to develop mitigation strategies for the future occurrence of flooding in Davao Oriental.
Jonathan Salar Cabrera; Han Soo Lee. Flood-Prone Area Assessment Using GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Analysis: A Case Study in Davao Oriental, Philippines. Water 2019, 11, 2203 .
AMA StyleJonathan Salar Cabrera, Han Soo Lee. Flood-Prone Area Assessment Using GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Analysis: A Case Study in Davao Oriental, Philippines. Water. 2019; 11 (11):2203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJonathan Salar Cabrera; Han Soo Lee. 2019. "Flood-Prone Area Assessment Using GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Analysis: A Case Study in Davao Oriental, Philippines." Water 11, no. 11: 2203.
The western North Pacific (WNP) is commonly indicated as region with high occurrence of high waves due to typhoons for decades. The increasing trend of typhoon frequency and intensity can be observed through General Circulation Models (GCMs) output from CMIP5. CMIP5 consist of a set of ensemble data including the marine surface winds for future wave climate modelling. In this study, validation of surface winds from CMIP5 GCMs is conducted by inspecting their quality and uncertainty over the study area, the western North Pacific (WNP). The monthly surface winds of ERA-Interim reanalysis data from 1979 to 2008 is taken into account as reference data, and monthly surface winds of 59 ensembles in CMIP5 GCMs over the same period are investigated as modelled data. First, the time series of reference and modelled grid-point marine surface winds are compared to find out their correlations. Then, bias correction methods using a variance correction, quantile mapping based on distribution correction, and quantile mapping based on Weibull correction are applied to modelled winds. The time series of surface winds at grids are also investigated with climate indices. Several points depict good agreements between reference and averaged ensemble data located on sea region, but relations between seasonal indices are still unclear. The proposed bias correction method in this study exhibits good improvement of the modelled marine surface winds for the study period in the WNP. In further study, the patterns and correlations with indices in addition to the bias correction method will be used to improve the future marine surface winds from CMIP5 GCMs for future wave climate modeling.
M. R. Badriana; H. S. Lee. Evaluation and Bias Correction of Marine Surface Winds from CMIP5 GCMs for Wave Climate Modelling in the Western North Pacific. APAC 2019 2019, 1229 -1236.
AMA StyleM. R. Badriana, H. S. Lee. Evaluation and Bias Correction of Marine Surface Winds from CMIP5 GCMs for Wave Climate Modelling in the Western North Pacific. APAC 2019. 2019; ():1229-1236.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. R. Badriana; H. S. Lee. 2019. "Evaluation and Bias Correction of Marine Surface Winds from CMIP5 GCMs for Wave Climate Modelling in the Western North Pacific." APAC 2019 , no. : 1229-1236.
Extreme precipitation trends and events are fundamental for the definition of the region’s climate and allow the subsequent analysis of the risk for the territory and the possible countermeasures. This study takes into account the Marche Region (Central Italy) with 128 rain gauges from 1921 to 2017. Initially, in order to obtain a rainfall overview, the dominant trend of the period 1921–2017 was evaluated. Initially, in order to obtain a rainfall overview, the dominant trend of the period 1921–2017 was evaluated. In addition, to obtain a comparable analysis, the average precipitations grouped in climatological standard normals were analyzed. Finally, the main purpose of the research was achieved by analyzing extreme events in the middle Adriatic side. In addition, forecasts of extreme precipitation events, with a return period of 100 years, were made using the theory of “generalized extreme value” (GEV). The innovation of this research is represented by the use of geostatistics to spatialize the variables investigated, through a clear and immediate graphic representation performed through GIS software. This study is a necessary starting point for the study of climate dynamics in the region, and it is also a useful tool for land use planning.
Matteo Gentilucci; Maurizio Barbieri; Han Soo Lee; Dino Zardi. Analysis of Rainfall Trends and Extreme Precipitation in the Middle Adriatic Side, Marche Region (Central Italy). Water 2019, 11, 1948 .
AMA StyleMatteo Gentilucci, Maurizio Barbieri, Han Soo Lee, Dino Zardi. Analysis of Rainfall Trends and Extreme Precipitation in the Middle Adriatic Side, Marche Region (Central Italy). Water. 2019; 11 (9):1948.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Gentilucci; Maurizio Barbieri; Han Soo Lee; Dino Zardi. 2019. "Analysis of Rainfall Trends and Extreme Precipitation in the Middle Adriatic Side, Marche Region (Central Italy)." Water 11, no. 9: 1948.
This study aimed to investigate the willingness of residents of ger (traditional nomadic house) areas to pay for improvements in the water supply and wastewater treatment system in terms of capital costs and operation and management (O&M) costs by contingent valuation (CV) method and payment card format. The problems in the ger area are a lack of a drainage system, the use of unimproved sanitation technology, and an unsafe water supply, in addition to the direct discharging of wastewater into pit latrines, soak pits, yards, and streets. The contribution of this study is the application of this method in a previously unstudied area to enhance the participation of ger communities that are absent in the development plan of Ulaanbaatar city. A field survey was conducted in one of the ger areas, the Damba planning unit, and 298 samples were collected from residents. Data were analyzed and compared using ordinary least squares (OLS) and Tobit regression models. Model results showed that the average total willingness to pay for the water supply and wastewater treatment facility installation was 1000 thousand Mongolian tugrik (MNT), and the average total willingness to pay for the operation and management costs was a maximum of 3000 MNT per month. The important factors affecting the residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for installation were the housing type, current monthly payment for water supply, income level, and education, in order of significance. People living in their own detached house and educated greater than high school were more willing to pay for the installation of water supply and wastewater treatment facilities. Those who were paying higher for their monthly water supply were more willing to pay for the installation cost. With respect to the WTP for O&M cost, the WTP was associated with the family size, income level, housing, time for water access, and education, in order of significance. Families a larger number of members were more willing to pay, and low-income people were less willing to pay for O&M. Education showed a positive influence on the WTP for O&M. Water access time also affected the WTP of those who could not access water within 30 min, as they indicated low WTP values.
Ariuntuya Byambadorj; Han Soo Lee. Household Willingness to Pay for Wastewater Treatment and Water Supply System Improvement in a Ger Area in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia. Water 2019, 11, 1856 .
AMA StyleAriuntuya Byambadorj, Han Soo Lee. Household Willingness to Pay for Wastewater Treatment and Water Supply System Improvement in a Ger Area in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia. Water. 2019; 11 (9):1856.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAriuntuya Byambadorj; Han Soo Lee. 2019. "Household Willingness to Pay for Wastewater Treatment and Water Supply System Improvement in a Ger Area in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia." Water 11, no. 9: 1856.
Park, J.H.; Yuk, J.H.; Joo. W.K. and Lee. H.S., 2019. Wave run-up modeling with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method in the Busan Marine City during typhoon Chaba (1618). In: Lee, J.L.; Yoon, J.-S.; Cho, W.C.; Muin, M., and Lee, J. (eds.), The 3rd International Water Safety Symposium. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 91, pp. 56-60. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The accuracy of numerical calculations is highly dependent on the grid spacing, and the smaller the grid spacing the better the accuracy. However, the portion requiring high accuracy often corresponds to only a part of the entire model domain. Setting a small grid interval for the entire model domain to study the calculation region is undesirable from the viewpoint of computation load and computation time. In this study, we illustrate the efficiency of the adaptive mesh refinement method for wave run-up modelling in terms of computational time and accuracy using numerical experiments. In this study, we conducted numerical experiments of wave run-up to verify the efficacy of the Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) method in terms of accuracy and computation load for typhoon Chaba (1618). We determined that wave propagation modelling with storm surge height using the AMR method might be a good alternative to calculated wave run-up height. The difference between the observed and AMR model values for wave run-up height was calculated to be less than 1 m. Compared to the results of non-adaptive experiments with fixed spatial resolutions, those with the AMR method produced highly accurate results, while requiring only 75% of the computation time. The estimation of wave run-up height using AMR is expected to allow the accurate estimation of coastal inundation if more accurate topography and input conditions are given.
Junghyun Park; Jin-Hee Yuk; Wonkyun Joo; Han Soo Lee. Wave Run-up Modeling with Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) Method in the Busan Marine City during Typhoon Chaba (1618). Journal of Coastal Research 2019, 91, 56 -60.
AMA StyleJunghyun Park, Jin-Hee Yuk, Wonkyun Joo, Han Soo Lee. Wave Run-up Modeling with Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) Method in the Busan Marine City during Typhoon Chaba (1618). Journal of Coastal Research. 2019; 91 (sp1):56-60.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunghyun Park; Jin-Hee Yuk; Wonkyun Joo; Han Soo Lee. 2019. "Wave Run-up Modeling with Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) Method in the Busan Marine City during Typhoon Chaba (1618)." Journal of Coastal Research 91, no. sp1: 56-60.
Land use and land cover (LULC) form a baseline thematic map for monitoring, resource management, and planning activities and facilitate the development of strategies to balance conservation, conflicting uses, and development pressures. In this study, changes in LULC in North Sumatra, Indonesia, are simulated and predicted using an artificial-neural-network-based cellular automaton (ANN-CA) model. Five criteria (altitude, slope, aspect, distance from the road, and soil type) are used as exploratory data in the learning process of the ANN-CA model to determine their impacts on LULC changes between 1990 and 2000; among the criteria, altitude and distance from the road have strong impacts. Comparison between the predicted and the real LULC maps for 2010 illustrates high agreement, with a Kappa index of 0.83 and a percentage of correctness of 87.28%. Then, the ANN-CA model is applied to predict LULC changes in 2050 and 2070. The LULC predictions for 2050 and 2070 demonstrate high increases in plantation area of more than 4%. Meanwhile, forest and crop area are projected to decrease by approximately 1.2% and 1.6%, respectively, by 2050. By 2070, forest and crop areas will decrease by 1.2% and 1.7%, respectively, indicating human influences on LULC changes from forest and cropland to plantations. This study illustrates that the simulation of LULC changes using the ANN-CA model can produce reliable predictions for future LULC.
Muhammad Hadi Saputra; Han Soo Lee. Prediction of Land Use and Land Cover Changes for North Sumatra, Indonesia, Using an Artificial-Neural-Network-Based Cellular Automaton. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3024 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Hadi Saputra, Han Soo Lee. Prediction of Land Use and Land Cover Changes for North Sumatra, Indonesia, Using an Artificial-Neural-Network-Based Cellular Automaton. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (11):3024.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Hadi Saputra; Han Soo Lee. 2019. "Prediction of Land Use and Land Cover Changes for North Sumatra, Indonesia, Using an Artificial-Neural-Network-Based Cellular Automaton." Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3024.
The fast-growing population in Vientiane, the capital of Laos, has resulted in increasing domestic wastewater generation, which directly impacts the urban water environment due to the lack of a suitable wastewater treatment system. This study aims to assess six wastewater treatment alternatives based on two technologies—trickling filter and activated sludge—used for on-site, decentralized, and centralized wastewater treatment systems to support decision-making for selecting the most suitable and practical alternative for wastewater treatment in Vientiane. To determine the most appropriate treatment system, the wastewater treatment process simulation with BioWin and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method are applied to assess the removal efficiencies for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS), as well as to rank the six wastewater treatment technologies based on the following four environmental criteria: (1) land requirement, (2) electricity use, (3) sludge production, and (4) CO2 emissions. The BioWin results illustrate that the capacity of each alternative is similar in terms of domestic wastewater treatment efficiency, while differing in terms of environmental impacts. In addition, the alternative ranking shows that a centralized wastewater treatment system with a trickling-filter process is more suitable than on-site and decentralized wastewater treatment systems based on their environmental impacts. This finding provides evidence for decision-makers to select a suitable alternative for wastewater treatment in order to promote access to safe sanitation and sustainable urban wastewater management in Vientiane, Laos.
Chanthephar Khattiyavong; Han Soo Lee. Performance Simulation and Assessment of an Appropriate Wastewater Treatment Technology in a Densely Populated Growing City in a Developing Country: A Case Study in Vientiane, Laos. Water 2019, 11, 1012 .
AMA StyleChanthephar Khattiyavong, Han Soo Lee. Performance Simulation and Assessment of an Appropriate Wastewater Treatment Technology in a Densely Populated Growing City in a Developing Country: A Case Study in Vientiane, Laos. Water. 2019; 11 (5):1012.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChanthephar Khattiyavong; Han Soo Lee. 2019. "Performance Simulation and Assessment of an Appropriate Wastewater Treatment Technology in a Densely Populated Growing City in a Developing Country: A Case Study in Vientiane, Laos." Water 11, no. 5: 1012.