Water pollution has emerged as a major global environmental crisis due to the massive contamination of water resources by the textile dyeing industry, organic waste, and agricultural residue. Since water is fundamental to life, this grave disregard puts lives at risk, making the protection of water resources a serious issue today. Recent research has shown great interest in improving the photocatalytic performance of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) for wastewater treatment. However, the photocatalytic removal activity of pure g-C₃N₄ is poor, owing to its minimal surface area, fast recombination of photo-generated electron–hole pairs, and poor light absorption. Recently, titanate perovskites (TNPs) have attracted significant attention in both environmental remediation and energy conversion due to their exceptional structural, optical, physiochemical, electrical, and thermal properties. Accordingly, TNPs can initiate a variety of surface catalytic reactions and are regarded as an emerging category of photocatalysts for sustainability and energy-related industries when exposed to illumination. Therefore, in this review article, we critically discuss the recent developments of extensively developed g-C₃N₄/TNPs that demonstrate photocatalytic applications for wastewater treatment. The different synthetic approaches and the chemical composition of g-C₃N₄/TNP composites are presented. Additionally, this review highlights the global research trends related to these materials. Furthermore, this review provides insight into the various photocatalytic mechanisms, including their potential impact and significance. Also, the challenges faced by such materials and their future scope are discussed.

Nowadays, the food industry is prioritizing many innovative processing technologies that can produce minimally processed foods with superior and higher quality, lower costs, and faster operations. Among these advancements, cold plasma (CP) processing stands out for its remarkable capabilities in food preservation and extending the shelf life. Beyond its established role in microbial inactivation, CP has emerged as a transformative tool for modifying food biomolecules through reactive plasma species, addressing the versatile requirements of food industries for various applications. This review focuses on the interactions between reactive plasma species and essential food macromolecules, including proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides. The novelty lies in its detailed examination of how CP technology triggers structural, functional, and biochemical changes in proteins and lipids and explains the mechanisms involved. It connects fundamental molecular transformations to practical applications, such as enhanced protein functionality, lipid stabilization, and improved oxidative resistance. CP induces alterations in protein structure, especially in amino acid configurations, that can be applicable to the formulation of advanced gel, 3D printing, thermostable emulsions, enhanced solubility, and sensory materials. This review explores the ability of CP to modify protein allergenicity, its different effects on the mechanical and interfacial properties of proteins, and its role in the production of trans-fat-free oils. Despite its potential, a detailed understanding of the mechanism of CP’s interactions with food macromolecules is also discussed. Furthermore, this review addresses key challenges and outlines future research opportunities, positioning CP as a sustainable and adaptable approach for innovating next-generation food systems. Further research is crucial to fully understand the potential of CP for food processing, followed by product development.

A percentage of natural fibers is used for developing a composite, the materials are quite increasing in recent trends, and they can be a potential replacement of synthetic fibers in the reinforcement phase of hybrid composite. In this research, the combination of natural fibers and synthetic fibers can be used as reinforcement, and epoxy polymer can be used as matrix material. The fibers of Kevlar and Napier grass are reinforced with epoxy matrix to develop a new composite by using conventional hand layup fabrication process and to quantify the effect of this hybrid composite laminate, with five different sequences following. To identify the mechanical properties of this hybrid composite through tensile, flexural, compression strength, impact strength, and hardness tests, among all five samples, sample A was given the maximum mechanical strength, such that the tensile strength is 210 MPa, flexural strength is 165 MPa, the impact energy absorption is 23 J, the average is 40% over the other samples, and, at the same time, the compression strength of sample E is 19 MPa, revealing the negative influence of hybrid composite. The SEM morphology was carried out to identify the failure mode of the hybrid composites.

Spatial access to in-patient health care in northern rural India

A combination of therapeutic modalities in a single nanostructure is crucial for a successful cancer treatment. Synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT) can enhance the effects of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and chemotherapy, which could intensify the therapeutic efficacy to induce cancer cell apoptosis. In this study, Fe and Mn on a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) (Fe/Mn-ZIF-8; FMZ) were synthesized through ion deposition. Furthermore, bismuth sulfide nanorods (Bi₂S₃ NRs; BS NRs) were synthesized via a hydrothermal process and coated onto FMZ to generate the core-shell structure of the Bi₂S₃@FMZ nanoparticles (B@FMZ). Next, methotrexate (MTX) was loaded effectively onto the porous surface of ZIF-8 to form the B@FMZ/MTX nanoparticles. The Fenton-like reaction catalyzes Fe²⁺/Mn²⁺ ions by decomposing H₂O₂ in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in the formation of toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which promotes the CDT effect of killing cancer cells. Furthermore, under 808 nm laser irradiation, these B@FMZ nanoparticles showed a strong PTT effect, owing to the presence of intense BS NRs as a photothermal agent. The B@FMZ nanoparticles exhibited a prominent drug release efficiency of 87.25% at pH 5.5 under near-infrared laser irradiation due to the PTT effect can promote the drug delivery performance. The B@FMZ nanoparticles were subjected to dual-modal imaging, guided magnetic resonance imaging, and X-ray computed tomography imaging. Both in vitro and in vivo results suggested that the B@FMZ/MTX nanoparticles exhibited enhanced antitumor effects through the combined therapeutic effects of PTT, CDT, and chemotherapy. Therefore, these nanoparticles exhibit good biocompatibility and are promising candidates for cancer treatment.