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Science, technology and innovation (STI) policies are of great importance for countries to reach their sustainable development goals. Numerous global databases have many indicators that measure and compare the performance of STI policies of countries. However, many problems arise regarding how to identify, classify and systematically analyze these indicators in order to measure, monitor and improve the performance of STI. The study includes a literature review on global problems and new trends in STI policies, while mentioning the necessity of an internationally comparable STI indicator set, current STI indicator studies and efforts, and studies for each continent. In light of these, all the indicators selected are introduced in detail. The strengths and weaknesses of the countries in the study in terms of evaluation indicator values are indicated. After determining the indicator weights objectively with the entropy method, 40 countries are compared with TOPSIS, VIKOR, PROMETHEE I-II, ARAS, COPRAS, MULTIMOORA, ELECTRE, SAW and MAUT methods. In addition, countries that show similarities with each other are evaluated by cluster analysis, which is one of the data mining classification methods. This study offers a new and original approach with MCDM methods on this subject. Considering all the results obtained in the study together, these rankings are compared among themselves and with the rankings specified in the Global Innovation (2019) and Global Competitiveness (2019) indices, and it is seen that the results are consistent. In addition, it is possible to update and publish this study every year with updated data.
Gokhan Ozkaya; Mehpare Timor; Ceren Erdin. Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Indicators and Comparisons of Countries through a Hybrid Model of Data Mining and Operation Research Methods. Sustainability 2021, 13, 694 .
AMA StyleGokhan Ozkaya, Mehpare Timor, Ceren Erdin. Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Indicators and Comparisons of Countries through a Hybrid Model of Data Mining and Operation Research Methods. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):694.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGokhan Ozkaya; Mehpare Timor; Ceren Erdin. 2021. "Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Indicators and Comparisons of Countries through a Hybrid Model of Data Mining and Operation Research Methods." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 694.
Forests cover 30 percent of the Earth’s land surface, almost four billion hectares, and they are necessary to sustain human health, economic growth, and environmental health. Approximately 25 percent of the global population depends on forests for food and work. The world population is expected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050. Therefore, there is a need for urgent action plans at all levels to ensure sustainable forest management and policy collaboration among all stakeholders, in order for forests to continue to serve our ecosystem and life in the future. The study compares 30 countries using 15 indicators related to forest and air quality. This was performed with TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje, meaning Multi-Criteria Optimization and Compromise Solution), which are among the most used multi-criteria decision-making methods in the literature. According to the analysis results, Denmark, Luxembourg, Lithuania, and Germany are the best performing countries in terms of indicators, whereas Slovakia, Estonia, Turkey, Latvia, Chile, and Canada are the worst performing. The paper aims to present the current situation of some developed and developing countries and compare them to each other in terms of forest and air quality indicators. In addition, the article aims to inform all stakeholders and raise awareness to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Global Forest Goals of the United Nations Strategic Plan for Forests 2017–2030 targets.
Gokhan Ozkaya; Ceren Erdin. Evaluation of Sustainable Forest and Air Quality Management and the Current Situation in Europe through Operation Research Methods. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10588 .
AMA StyleGokhan Ozkaya, Ceren Erdin. Evaluation of Sustainable Forest and Air Quality Management and the Current Situation in Europe through Operation Research Methods. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGokhan Ozkaya; Ceren Erdin. 2020. "Evaluation of Sustainable Forest and Air Quality Management and the Current Situation in Europe through Operation Research Methods." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10588.
The authors would like to make the following corrections to the published paper
Ceren Erdin; Gokhan Ozkaya. Correction: Erdin, C.; Ozkaya, G. Turkey’s 2023 Energy Strategies and Investment Opportunities for Renewable Energy Sources: Site Selection Based on ELECTRE. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2136. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9634 .
AMA StyleCeren Erdin, Gokhan Ozkaya. Correction: Erdin, C.; Ozkaya, G. Turkey’s 2023 Energy Strategies and Investment Opportunities for Renewable Energy Sources: Site Selection Based on ELECTRE. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2136. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9634.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCeren Erdin; Gokhan Ozkaya. 2020. "Correction: Erdin, C.; Ozkaya, G. Turkey’s 2023 Energy Strategies and Investment Opportunities for Renewable Energy Sources: Site Selection Based on ELECTRE. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2136." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9634.
Significant efforts are being performed to make cities smarter and more sustainable. Therefore, there is a need to compare these efforts using evaluation frameworks. According to the literature review, the basic dimensions of smart cities are generally evaluated with the criteria of regional competitiveness, transportation, information and communication technology, economy, natural resources, human and social capital, quality of life and participation of citizens in the management of cities. In this paper, Analytical Network Process (ANP) is used to weight smart and sustainable city criteria. According to the results, while 'smart living' is the most important characteristic with a 35,459% priority, 'smart governance' is the last with 5,738%. The study covers 44 cities around the world and comparisons were made by TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution). According to the results, Tokyo, London and New York are in the top three in the overall ranking. But none of these cities is among the top five in terms of smart governance, mobility and environmental dimensions. According to the results obtained, the article provides some recommendations for the cities. These results aim to help cities understand their situation relative to other cities and to see areas where policymakers need to strengthen.
Gokhan Ozkaya; Ceren Erdin. Evaluation of smart and sustainable cities through a hybrid MCDM approach based on ANP and TOPSIS technique. Heliyon 2020, 6, e05052 .
AMA StyleGokhan Ozkaya, Ceren Erdin. Evaluation of smart and sustainable cities through a hybrid MCDM approach based on ANP and TOPSIS technique. Heliyon. 2020; 6 (10):e05052.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGokhan Ozkaya; Ceren Erdin. 2020. "Evaluation of smart and sustainable cities through a hybrid MCDM approach based on ANP and TOPSIS technique." Heliyon 6, no. 10: e05052.
Ceren Erdin; Gokhan Ozkaya. R&D investments and quality of life in Turkey. Heliyon 2020, 6, 1 .
AMA StyleCeren Erdin, Gokhan Ozkaya. R&D investments and quality of life in Turkey. Heliyon. 2020; 6 (5):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCeren Erdin; Gokhan Ozkaya. 2020. "R&D investments and quality of life in Turkey." Heliyon 6, no. 5: 1.
All successful cities are the most developed and productive cities in their regions and countries in terms of economy and quality of life. In addition, it is observed that there are strong industries and enterprises in these regions and cities. Therefore, this study tries to evaluate the quality of life and the development of the industry together. The proposed method can be considered as a combination of operational research and GIS (Geographical Information System). The results of both approaches support each other. In addition, the innovative approaches of the sectors are evaluated by TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution). Also, the article recommends SMEs (Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises) for sustainable economic growth. According to the results, the quality of life and socio-economic development has a very close relationship with the existence of investments and manufacturing companies. If the current development policy continues, the regions with low quality of life will continue to lag behind the other cities in terms of development. The study indicates that there are remarkable differences between eastern and western Turkey in terms of living standards and the contribution of SMEs to economic development.
Ceren Erdin; Gokhan Ozkaya. Contribution of small and medium enterprises to economic development and quality of life in Turkey. Heliyon 2020, 6, e03215 .
AMA StyleCeren Erdin, Gokhan Ozkaya. Contribution of small and medium enterprises to economic development and quality of life in Turkey. Heliyon. 2020; 6 (2):e03215.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCeren Erdin; Gokhan Ozkaya. 2020. "Contribution of small and medium enterprises to economic development and quality of life in Turkey." Heliyon 6, no. 2: e03215.
In Turkey, current energy generations are not sufficient for the existing energy needs and besides, energy demand is expected to increase by 4–6 percent annually until 2023. Therefore, the government aims to increase the ratio of renewable energy resources (RES) in total installed capacity to 30 percent by 2023. By this date, total energy investments are expected to be approximately $110 billion. Turkey is the fastest growing energy market among the OECD countries. Therefore, Turkey is an attractive market for energy companies and investors. At this stage, site selection and deciding appropriate RES are the most important feasibility parameters for investment. In this study, “Site Selection in Turkey” issue for RES (solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass) is evaluated by the ELECTRE which is one of the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. In addition, the reasons for choosing this method are explained according to the literature. The study emphasizes the importance of energy generation from renewable and sustainable sources and is concerned with improving the position of the country. The Turkish government offers many purchasing guarantees and high incentives, especially in the renewable energy sector. As a result of the analysis, the most suitable energy sources are presented according to the geography and energy potential of the regions. The study aims to inform energy firms and everyone related with RES about Turkey’s RES opportunities.
Ceren Erdin; Gokhan Ozkaya. Turkey’s 2023 Energy Strategies and Investment Opportunities for Renewable Energy Sources: Site Selection Based on ELECTRE. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2136 .
AMA StyleCeren Erdin, Gokhan Ozkaya. Turkey’s 2023 Energy Strategies and Investment Opportunities for Renewable Energy Sources: Site Selection Based on ELECTRE. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):2136.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCeren Erdin; Gokhan Ozkaya. 2019. "Turkey’s 2023 Energy Strategies and Investment Opportunities for Renewable Energy Sources: Site Selection Based on ELECTRE." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 2136.