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Nasiruddin Khan
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A’ Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, Oman

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Journal article
Published: 14 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Healthy diet and supplement use may prove as sustainable strategies to lower COVID-19 infection. Our study investigated the dietary changes before and during lockdown and observed dietary supplements (DS) use among residents in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study collected data via an online electronic survey questionnaire among males (N = 921) and females (N = 1044) residing in Saudi Arabia, 15 years of age and above. There was a significant decrease in the prevalence of males (before vs. during lockdown) having improved changes in dietary habit (68.6% vs. 65.8%; p = 0.004), which was similar in female participants (69 vs. 73.4% vs. 69%; p< 0.001). The frequency of multivitamin users among COVID-19 participants was significantly lower than non-users (44.4 vs. 55.6; p< 0.003). Male respondents within 26–35 years of age were more likely to use multivitamin supplements than females (30.1 vs. 22.6%; p< 0.05) of same age group. Predictors for DS use were increased age group, income, education level and COVID-19 status. In conclusion, an increase in unhealthy diet behavior was observed among Saudi males and females during the pandemic lockdown and the predictors of DS use included increased age, income, education level and COVID-19 status.

ACS Style

Hanan Alfawaz; Nasiruddin Khan; Ghadah Aljumah; Syed Hussain; Nasser Al-Daghri. Dietary Intake and Supplement Use Among Saudi Residents during COVID-19 Lockdown. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6435 .

AMA Style

Hanan Alfawaz, Nasiruddin Khan, Ghadah Aljumah, Syed Hussain, Nasser Al-Daghri. Dietary Intake and Supplement Use Among Saudi Residents during COVID-19 Lockdown. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (12):6435.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hanan Alfawaz; Nasiruddin Khan; Ghadah Aljumah; Syed Hussain; Nasser Al-Daghri. 2021. "Dietary Intake and Supplement Use Among Saudi Residents during COVID-19 Lockdown." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6435.

Journal article
Published: 25 September 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, trends, and predictors of coffee consumption among Saudi female students and its association with anthropometric and demographic variables. A survey-based study using a face-to-face interview was designed, and 930 (aged 21.5 ± 2.1 years) apparently healthy female students from different departments of King Saud University participated. The prevalence of coffee consumption was significantly higher (88.2%, p < 0.03) in the central Riyadh region. Coffee consumers had significantly higher prevalence of being overweight than non-consumers (p = 0.02). The frequency of coffee consumption was significantly higher (p < 0.02) in students who were single and belonged to families with a moderate income level. Coffee consumption was significantly higher among first-year students with a high-scale grade point average (GPA) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively). Increased coffee consumption during exam and stress conditions was associated with unhealthy dietary habits such as using more sugar and spices. The prevalence of coffee consumption was high among Saudi females. High body mass index (BMI) and increased family income level were strong determinants for coffee consumption. Continued nutritional education and awareness about the potential positive and negative health effects of coffee consumption and the importance of food label use should be provided to younger generations in order to correct the wrong perceptions.

ACS Style

Hanan A. Alfawaz; Nasiruddin Khan; Sobhy M. Yakout; Malak N. K. Khattak; Amani A. Alsaikhan; Areej A. Almousa; Taghreed A. Alsuwailem; Taghreed M. Almjlad; Nada A. Alamri; Sahar G. Alshammari; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Prevalence, Predictors, and Awareness of Coffee Consumption and Its Trend among Saudi Female Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7020 .

AMA Style

Hanan A. Alfawaz, Nasiruddin Khan, Sobhy M. Yakout, Malak N. K. Khattak, Amani A. Alsaikhan, Areej A. Almousa, Taghreed A. Alsuwailem, Taghreed M. Almjlad, Nada A. Alamri, Sahar G. Alshammari, Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Prevalence, Predictors, and Awareness of Coffee Consumption and Its Trend among Saudi Female Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7020.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hanan A. Alfawaz; Nasiruddin Khan; Sobhy M. Yakout; Malak N. K. Khattak; Amani A. Alsaikhan; Areej A. Almousa; Taghreed A. Alsuwailem; Taghreed M. Almjlad; Nada A. Alamri; Sahar G. Alshammari; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. 2020. "Prevalence, Predictors, and Awareness of Coffee Consumption and Its Trend among Saudi Female Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7020.

Journal article
Published: 13 June 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The objective of this study was to examine the awareness, knowledge, and habits regarding dietary fiber intake and to analyze its relationship with self-reported health status among Saudi adults. A survey-based study using face-to-face interview was designed, and 1363 apparently healthy adult Saudi males and females participated. Most participants were females (81.2%), aged 25 and above (87.2%), and were educated at least up to the secondary level of education (80.8%). The majority of the participants were aware of the role of fiber-rich foods in health conditions such as obesity (70.5%), cardiovascular diseases (68.9%), and regulation of blood sugar (68.9%), with females significantly having higher nutrition knowledge than males. A disconnect in translating this nutrition knowledge was observed particularly in food choices when eating out, where preferences for white bread (84.4%), fried potatoes (69.9%) and peeled fruits (60.6%) were significantly higher than preferences for cooked vegetables (29.6%) and brown bread (18.1%). The most common reason for this disconnect was due to perception that foods rich in dietary fibers were expensive (72.1%), have less health benefits (56.5%), were not readily available (51.6%), and participants’ disliking of the taste (52.8%). Participants in the highest quartile (Q4) for dietary fiber consumption reported a lower prevalence of constipation (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval of 0.40, 0.28–0.57, p < 0.01), high cholesterol (0.43, 0.27–0.68, p < 0.01) and obesity (0.67, 0.44–0.98, p = 0.03) than participants in the lowest quartile (Q1). Dietary fiber intake appears to be protective against constipation, high cholesterol and obesity in Saudi adults. However, a disparity observed between knowledge and attitude towards intake of dietary fibers could limit its health benefits. Further studies including adolescents should be conducted to impart knowledge on the emotional, cognitive and sensory factors related to food choices in order to minimize the gap between nutrition knowledge and the consumption of healthy high-fiber diets.

ACS Style

Hanan Alfawaz; Nasiruddin Khan; Haya Alhuthayli; Kaiser Wani; Muneerah A. Aljumah; Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak; Saad A. Alghanim; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Awareness and Knowledge Regarding the Consumption of Dietary Fiber and Its Relation to Self-Reported Health Status in an Adult Arab Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1 .

AMA Style

Hanan Alfawaz, Nasiruddin Khan, Haya Alhuthayli, Kaiser Wani, Muneerah A. Aljumah, Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak, Saad A. Alghanim, Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Awareness and Knowledge Regarding the Consumption of Dietary Fiber and Its Relation to Self-Reported Health Status in an Adult Arab Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (12):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hanan Alfawaz; Nasiruddin Khan; Haya Alhuthayli; Kaiser Wani; Muneerah A. Aljumah; Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak; Saad A. Alghanim; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. 2020. "Awareness and Knowledge Regarding the Consumption of Dietary Fiber and Its Relation to Self-Reported Health Status in an Adult Arab Population: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 1.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Current dietary supplement (DS) use among Saudi school students is not well described. In this study, we aim to investigate the prevalence and predictors of DS use among adolescents. This cross-sectional study collected data via self-administered questionnaire from 1221 students (12 to 18 years). The overall prevalence of DS use was 26.2%, significantly higher in females than males (33% vs. 17.9%, p < 0.001). High proportion of female DS users demonstrated normal BMI than males (84% vs. 56.5%, p < 0.001). High percentage of male DS users were engaged in vigorous and/or high physical activity (PA) levels than female DS users (58.2% vs. 43%, p = 0.022; and 57.1% vs. 20.7%, p < 0.001, respectively). The main reasons for DS use among females were vitamin deficiency (63.3%), hair condition (37.6%) and nail health (23.5%) while in males, the main reasons were vitamin deficiency (58.4%) and body building (34.4%). The predictors of DS use in Saudi adolescents included being female, having high family income and being physically active. In conclusion, the overall prevalence and preference of DS use, though low among Saudi adolescents, was driven mostly by gender, physical activity levels and socioeconomic factors like family income. DS use guidelines and counselling among Saudi adolescents are warranted to improve public health.

ACS Style

Hanan Alfawaz; Nasiruddin Khan; Alwateen Almarshad; Kaiser Wani; Muneerah A. Aljumah; Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. The Prevalence and Awareness Concerning Dietary Supplement Use among Saudi Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3515 .

AMA Style

Hanan Alfawaz, Nasiruddin Khan, Alwateen Almarshad, Kaiser Wani, Muneerah A. Aljumah, Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak, Nasser M. Al-Daghri. The Prevalence and Awareness Concerning Dietary Supplement Use among Saudi Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (10):3515.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hanan Alfawaz; Nasiruddin Khan; Alwateen Almarshad; Kaiser Wani; Muneerah A. Aljumah; Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. 2020. "The Prevalence and Awareness Concerning Dietary Supplement Use among Saudi Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10: 3515.

Journal article
Published: 22 November 2017 in BMC Women's Health
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The economic boom in Saudi Arabia indirectly prompted the use of dietary supplements in the last two decades. Our aim is to investigate the prevalence of dietary supplement use and its association with sociodemographic/lifestyle characteristics among Saudi female students. In this cross-sectional study, 534 female participants (≥19 years of age) completed a self-administered questionnaire that include sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, perceived health status, dietary supplement use, general awareness, attitudes and behavior. In all participants, the prevalence of dietary supplement use was 76.6% (n = 409). High level of education (p = 0.002) and more physical activity (p = 0.008) exhibited a significant positive association with users than to non-users. The frequency showed that beta-carotene (54.2%), chamomile (54.2%), and glucosamine (53.8%) were the most preferred diet supplements under the category “when needed”. Cod liver oil (71.3%), omega 3 (68.3%), multi-vitamins (61.5%), ginseng (60%), and vitamin A (60%), were mostly used “from time to time”. Multi-minerals (34.4%) were the preferred choice when it comes to daily use. The main reasons for supplement use were to “maintain healthy hair” and “injury and illness” (both 26.2%). About 38.4% were not aware and 30.3% disagree on differences taking supplements with or without consulting a medical professional. About 36.7% lack information about side effects while, 35.0% were unaware about any health effect of dietary supplements. The prevalence of dietary supplement use was high in Saudi female students and was significantly associated with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

ACS Style

Hanan Alfawaz; Nasiruddin Khan; Aziza Alfaifi; Fatima M. Shahrani; Huda M. Al Tameem; Seetah F. Al Otaibi; Weaam I. Abudigin; Mohammad S. Al-Shayaa; Saad A. Al-Ghanim; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Prevalence of dietary supplement use and associated factors among female college students in Saudi Arabia. BMC Women's Health 2017, 17, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Hanan Alfawaz, Nasiruddin Khan, Aziza Alfaifi, Fatima M. Shahrani, Huda M. Al Tameem, Seetah F. Al Otaibi, Weaam I. Abudigin, Mohammad S. Al-Shayaa, Saad A. Al-Ghanim, Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Prevalence of dietary supplement use and associated factors among female college students in Saudi Arabia. BMC Women's Health. 2017; 17 (1):1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hanan Alfawaz; Nasiruddin Khan; Aziza Alfaifi; Fatima M. Shahrani; Huda M. Al Tameem; Seetah F. Al Otaibi; Weaam I. Abudigin; Mohammad S. Al-Shayaa; Saad A. Al-Ghanim; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. 2017. "Prevalence of dietary supplement use and associated factors among female college students in Saudi Arabia." BMC Women's Health 17, no. 1: 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2017 in Reproductive Health
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The aim was to investigate the prevalence of dietary supplement use among pregnant Saudi women and its associations between various demographics. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 137 pregnant women attending prenatal care from King Salman Hospital completed a self-administered questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics, general awareness, attitude and behavior towards use of dietary supplements during pregnancy. Dietary supplement use among Saudi women in pregnancy was high (71.5%) and was significantly associated with level of education (p = 0.005), family income (p = 0.039) and number of children (p = 0.007). No significant association was observed between neonatal health outcomes and dietary supplement use during pregnancy. In all participants, 81.6% believed that supplement use is important for nutritional status and more favorable neonatal outcomes. For the majority of participants, the primary source of information for dietary supplement use was a doctor’s advice. The majority of the participants [65.7% (n = 90)] responded that dietary supplement use is safe. Folic acid was found to be the most common type of dietary supplement used (95.9%; n = 94); however, 53.1% (n = 52) did not take folic acid supplements 3 months prior to pregnancy. Other common supplements used were iron, calcium and vitamin D (88.8, 81.6, and 41%, respectively). This study provided new information on dietary supplement use and its correlates in Saudi pregnant women. The prevalence of dietary supplement use was high in this group and was associated with socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics.

ACS Style

Hanan A Alfawaz; Nasiruddin Khan; Najlaa AlOteabi; Syed D. Hussain; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Factors associated with dietary supplement use in Saudi pregnant women. Reproductive Health 2017, 14, 104 .

AMA Style

Hanan A Alfawaz, Nasiruddin Khan, Najlaa AlOteabi, Syed D. Hussain, Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Factors associated with dietary supplement use in Saudi pregnant women. Reproductive Health. 2017; 14 (1):104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hanan A Alfawaz; Nasiruddin Khan; Najlaa AlOteabi; Syed D. Hussain; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. 2017. "Factors associated with dietary supplement use in Saudi pregnant women." Reproductive Health 14, no. 1: 104.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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Highlights•25-(OH)D concentrations were significantly lower in dark-skinned Arab boys than fair-skinned Arab boys having the same age and same duration of sun exposure of less than 20 minutes.•There is no association between skin color and 25(OH)D levels in Arab girls and adult women. AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests an increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the Middle East and North African countries. Sunlight has long been recognized as a major provider of vitamin D and lighter skin color has been associated with better vitamin D status. In this context, we aimed to determine whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25-(OH)D] concentrations are related to skin color, sun exposure and gender among healthy Saudi children and adults. A total of 808 Saudi children (age = 14.6 ± 0.04 years) and 561 (age = 31.4 ± 0.3 years) adults of both genders were included in this study. Levels of sun exposure and skin color were determined using a standard questionnaire. Anthropometry and plasma 25-(OH)D concentrations were analyzed. On the basis of duration of sun exposure (20 min), a significantly lower concentration of 25-(OH)D (40.9 ± 1.2 vs. 35.5 ± 1.8 nmol/l; p < 0.019) was demonstrated in dark-skinned boys with exposure time less than 20 minutes than those exposed longer than 20 minutes. We were unable to show an effect of sunlight exposure or skin color on vitamin D status of children or adults, except in dark-skinned boys who had lower 25(OH)D concentrations associated with limited sun exposure.

ACS Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Yousef Al-Saleh; Nasiruddin Khan; Shaun Sabico; Naji Aljohani; Hanan Alfawaz; Maha Alsulaimani; Abdulaziz M. Al-Othman; Majed S. Alokail. Sun exposure, skin color and vitamin D status in Arab children and adults. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2016, 164, 235 -238.

AMA Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri, Yousef Al-Saleh, Nasiruddin Khan, Shaun Sabico, Naji Aljohani, Hanan Alfawaz, Maha Alsulaimani, Abdulaziz M. Al-Othman, Majed S. Alokail. Sun exposure, skin color and vitamin D status in Arab children and adults. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2016; 164 ():235-238.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Yousef Al-Saleh; Nasiruddin Khan; Shaun Sabico; Naji Aljohani; Hanan Alfawaz; Maha Alsulaimani; Abdulaziz M. Al-Othman; Majed S. Alokail. 2016. "Sun exposure, skin color and vitamin D status in Arab children and adults." The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 164, no. : 235-238.

Journal article
Published: 08 March 2016 in Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
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Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) has been proposed as a biomarker of MetS in children and adults. We aim to determine the associations of SHBG with components of MetS in children from the Middle-East where the prevalence of MetS are on the rise. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 509 randomly selected school children (226 boys and 283 girls) aged 12-16 years were recruited. Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were determined using routine laboratory procedures. Serum SHBG is measured with Cobas e411 using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The modified definition of ATP-III (NHANES III) was used for the diagnosis of MetS. Among 509 children, 23.4 % had metabolic syndrome. Boys had a significantly higher waist circumference and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.032, 0.024, respectively) than girls, while levels of glucose (p < 0.029), and SHBG (p < 0.003) were significantly higher in girls than in boys. In overall population, a significant inverse correlation of SHBG level with age, BMI, systolic blood pressure and triglycerides and a significant direct correlation between SHBG level and HDL-c was exhibited. Children with the lowest tertile of serum SHBG had significantly higher prevalence of MetS (p < 0.05). ROC curve shows SHBG level as more sensitive marker of MetS in boys (AUC = 0.70, p < 0.001). Serum SHBG is significantly more sensitive in identifying MetS in boys, not girls, indicating gender dimorphism.

ACS Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Nasiruddin Khan; Shaun Sabico; Omar S. Al-Attas; Majed S. Alokail; Sudhesh Kumar. Gender-specific associations of serum sex hormone-binding globulin with features of metabolic syndrome in children. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome 2016, 8, 22 .

AMA Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri, Nasiruddin Khan, Shaun Sabico, Omar S. Al-Attas, Majed S. Alokail, Sudhesh Kumar. Gender-specific associations of serum sex hormone-binding globulin with features of metabolic syndrome in children. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome. 2016; 8 (1):22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Nasiruddin Khan; Shaun Sabico; Omar S. Al-Attas; Majed S. Alokail; Sudhesh Kumar. 2016. "Gender-specific associations of serum sex hormone-binding globulin with features of metabolic syndrome in children." Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome 8, no. 1: 22.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2015 in Nutrients
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This study determined the effects of a high-fat meal on circulating endotoxin and cardiometabolic indices in adult Arab women. The cohort consisted of 92 consenting Saudi women (18 non-diabetic (ND)) control subjects; Age 24.4 ± 7.9 year; body mass index (BMI) 22.2 ± 2.2 Kg/m2), 24 overweight/obese (referred to as overweight-plus (overweight+)) subjects (Age 32.0 ± 7.8 year; BMI 28.5 ± 1.5 Kg/m2) and 50 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (Age 41.5 ± 6.2 year; BMI 35.2 ± 7.7 Kg/m2). All were given a high-fat meal (standardized meal: 75 g fat, 5 g carbohydrate, 6 g protein) after an overnight fast of 12–14 h. Anthropometrics were obtained and fasting blood glucose, lipids, and endotoxin were serially measured for four consecutive postprandial hours. Endotoxin levels were significantly elevated prior to a high-fat meal in the overweight+ and T2DM than the controls (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the postprandial cardiometabolic changes led to a more detrimental risk profile in T2DM subjects than other groups, with serial changes most notable in glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), and insulin levels (p-values < 0.05). The same single meal given to subjects with different metabolic states had varying impacts on cardiometabolic health. Endotoxemia is exacerbated by a high-fat meal in Arab subjects with T2DM, accompanied by a parallel increase in cardiometabolic risk profile, suggesting disparity in disease pathogenesis of those with or without T2DM through the altered cardiometabolic risk profile rather than variance in metabolic endotoxinaemia with a high-fat meal.

ACS Style

Dara A. Al-Disi; Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Nasiruddin Khan; Assim A. Alfadda; Reem M. Sallam; Mohammed AlSaif; Shaun Sabico; Gyanendra Tripathi; Philip G. McTernan. Postprandial Effect of a High-Fat Meal on Endotoxemia in Arab Women with and without Insulin-Resistance-Related Diseases. Nutrients 2015, 7, 6375 -6389.

AMA Style

Dara A. Al-Disi, Nasser M. Al-Daghri, Nasiruddin Khan, Assim A. Alfadda, Reem M. Sallam, Mohammed AlSaif, Shaun Sabico, Gyanendra Tripathi, Philip G. McTernan. Postprandial Effect of a High-Fat Meal on Endotoxemia in Arab Women with and without Insulin-Resistance-Related Diseases. Nutrients. 2015; 7 (8):6375-6389.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dara A. Al-Disi; Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Nasiruddin Khan; Assim A. Alfadda; Reem M. Sallam; Mohammed AlSaif; Shaun Sabico; Gyanendra Tripathi; Philip G. McTernan. 2015. "Postprandial Effect of a High-Fat Meal on Endotoxemia in Arab Women with and without Insulin-Resistance-Related Diseases." Nutrients 7, no. 8: 6375-6389.

Journal article
Published: 06 May 2015 in BMC Pediatrics
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The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia is rising unexpectedly in every age group. Apart from several risk factors, the lack of awareness is posing a serious threat for low vitamin D levels in children as well. The aim of our study was to compare the knowledge and status of vitamin D in Saudi school children. Saudi students, 1188 boys (15.1 ± 2.2 years) and 1038 girls (15.1 ± 2.0 years), were recruited and a pre-designed questionnaire with regards to knowledge about vitamin D was administered. Blood samples were collected and serum 25hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D was measured. A significantly higher percentage of boys answered correctly than girls regarding knowledge questions as sun exposure (p = 0.002, and 0.011), breastfeeding (p < 0.001) and diseases (p < 0.001). The percentage of girls was significantly higher who thought that fruits and vegetables are not rich sources of vitamin D (24.7% girls vs. 15.4% boys; p < 0.001and 29.6% girls vs. 20.9% boys p < 0.001), respectively. Boys had a higher prevalence and frequency of sun exposure than girls (p < 0.001 for both). Girls showed a significantly higher percentage of sunscreen use and full covering during sun exposure (p = 0.001 for both).Vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in girls than boys (47.0% versus 19.4.0%; p < 0.001). Vitamin D status in boys was significantly higher than girls (p < 0.001). In girls, those who answered correctly about vitamin D related disease (p = 0.03) and sources (p = 0.015), demonstrated significantly higher vitamin D levels. The awareness of vitamin D and sunlight in children needs to be improved by provision of trained physicians and school teachers. Creating more areas where girls can uncover freely during routine works and outdoor activities will help increase their vitamin D levels.

ACS Style

Yousef Al-Saleh; Nasser M Al-Daghri; Nasiruddin Khan; Hanan Alfawaz; Abdulaziz M Al-Othman; Majed S Alokail; George P Chrousos. Vitamin D status in Saudi school children based on knowledge. BMC Pediatrics 2015, 15, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Yousef Al-Saleh, Nasser M Al-Daghri, Nasiruddin Khan, Hanan Alfawaz, Abdulaziz M Al-Othman, Majed S Alokail, George P Chrousos. Vitamin D status in Saudi school children based on knowledge. BMC Pediatrics. 2015; 15 (1):1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yousef Al-Saleh; Nasser M Al-Daghri; Nasiruddin Khan; Hanan Alfawaz; Abdulaziz M Al-Othman; Majed S Alokail; George P Chrousos. 2015. "Vitamin D status in Saudi school children based on knowledge." BMC Pediatrics 15, no. 1: 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2014 in Gene
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The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is rising alarmingly in the Saudi Arabian population. This study was conducted to assess the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to components of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and vitamin D deficiency in the Saudi Arabian population. Five-hundred-seventy Saudi individuals (285 MetS and 285 controls) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. TaqI, BsmI, ApaI and FokI single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the VDR gene were genotyped. The CT genotype and allele T of BsmI were associated with lower HDL-C levels [OR 0.60 (0.37, 0.96), p=0.03] and obesity [OR 1.4 (1.0, 1.90), p=0.04], respectively. The CT genotype and the dominant model CT+TT of BsmI were associated with increased risk of diabetes [OR 1.7 (1.2, 2.4), p=0.007], and [OR 1.5 (1.1, 2.2), p=0.01], respectively. On the contrary, the CT and CT+CC genotypes of FokI exhibited an association with a reduced risk of diabetes [OR 0.70 (0.49, 0.99), p=0.05] and [OR 0.67 (0.48, 0.94), p=0.02], respectively. The allele C of FokI was associated with lower risk of developing T2DM [OR 0.73 (0.56, 0.95), p=0.02]. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was lower in subjects with the AC genotype of ApaI [OR, 0.34 (0.14, 0.80), p=0.01]. Components of the MetS such as obesity, low HDL and T2DM were associated with the VDR gene. FokI and BsmI have protective and facilitative effects on the risk for T2DM, while the ApaI genotype was associated with reduced vitamin D deficiency.

ACS Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Omar S. Al-Attas; Khalid M. Alkharfy; Nasiruddin Khan; Abdul Khader Mohammed; Benjamin Vinodson; Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari; Amal Alenad; Majed S. Alokail. Association of VDR-gene variants with factors related to the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency. Gene 2014, 542, 129 -133.

AMA Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri, Omar S. Al-Attas, Khalid M. Alkharfy, Nasiruddin Khan, Abdul Khader Mohammed, Benjamin Vinodson, Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari, Amal Alenad, Majed S. Alokail. Association of VDR-gene variants with factors related to the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency. Gene. 2014; 542 (2):129-133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Omar S. Al-Attas; Khalid M. Alkharfy; Nasiruddin Khan; Abdul Khader Mohammed; Benjamin Vinodson; Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari; Amal Alenad; Majed S. Alokail. 2014. "Association of VDR-gene variants with factors related to the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency." Gene 542, no. 2: 129-133.

Journal article
Published: 14 April 2014 in BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
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To determine the gender-dependent association of socio-economic status variables with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the adult Saudi population. A total of 9164 adult Saudis (aged 18–70 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. Marital status, income, education, and occupation were used as socio-economic indicators while behavioral factor like physical exercise was also taken into account. MetS was defined using the criteria based from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). In males, the odds ratio (OR) of harboring MetS was higher in married [OR1.6 (Confidence Interval (CI) 1.1, 2.4); p < 0.03], and high income class [OR 2.3(CI 1.5, 3.5); p < 0.001] and lowest in retired and unemployed individuals [1.4(1.0, 1.9); p < 0.04, 0.61(0.45, 0.82); p < 0.001] respectively. In females, MetS was inversely related to high income [OR 0.70 (CI 0.46, 1.1); p < 0.09] and education level [OR 0.38 (CI 0.26, 0.56); p < 0.001], and was significantly higher in the unemployed class [OR 1.6 (CI 1.2, 2.2); p < 0.004]. The prevalence of MetS is significantly high among retired, married and high-earning Saudi males while in females, high earners and high education seem to confer a protective effect against MetS.

ACS Style

Nasser M Al-Daghri; Khalid M Alkharfy; Omar S Al-Attas; Nasiruddin Khan; Hanan A Alfawaz; Saad A Alghanim; Mansour A Al-Yousef; Abdulrahman S M Al-Ajlan; Majed S Alokail. Gender-dependent associations between socioeconomic status and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study in the adult Saudi population. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2014, 14, 51 -51.

AMA Style

Nasser M Al-Daghri, Khalid M Alkharfy, Omar S Al-Attas, Nasiruddin Khan, Hanan A Alfawaz, Saad A Alghanim, Mansour A Al-Yousef, Abdulrahman S M Al-Ajlan, Majed S Alokail. Gender-dependent associations between socioeconomic status and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study in the adult Saudi population. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2014; 14 (1):51-51.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nasser M Al-Daghri; Khalid M Alkharfy; Omar S Al-Attas; Nasiruddin Khan; Hanan A Alfawaz; Saad A Alghanim; Mansour A Al-Yousef; Abdulrahman S M Al-Ajlan; Majed S Alokail. 2014. "Gender-dependent associations between socioeconomic status and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study in the adult Saudi population." BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 14, no. 1: 51-51.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 01 April 2014 in International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research
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The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on circulating levels of magnesium and selenium in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 126 adult Saudi patients (55 men and 71 women, mean age 53.6 ± 10.7 years) with controlled T2DM were randomly recruited for the study. All subjects were given vitamin D3 tablets (2000 IU/day) for six months. Follow-up mean concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) vitamin D] significantly increased in both men (34.1 ± 12.4 to 57.8 ± 17.0 nmol/L) and women (35.7 ± 13.5 to 60.1 ± 18.5 nmol/L, p < 0.001), while levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) decreased significantly in both men (1.6 ± 0.17 to 0.96 ± 0.10 pmol/L, p = 0.003) and women (1.6 ± 0.17 to 1.0 ± 0.14 pmol/L, p = 0.02). In addition, there was a significant increase in serum levels of selenium and magnesium in men and women (p-values < 0.001 and 0.04, respectively) after follow-up. In women, a significant correlation was observed between delta change (variables at six months-variable at baseline) of serum magnesium versus high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (r = 0.36, p = 0.006) and fasting glucose (r = - 0.33, p = 0.01). In men, there was a significant correlation between serum selenium and triglycerides (r = 0.32, p = 0.04). Vitamin D supplementation improves serum concentrations of magnesium and selenium in a gender-dependent manner, which in turn could affect several cardiometabolic parameters such as glucose and lipids.

ACS Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Khalid M. Alkharfy; Nasiruddin Khan; Hanan A. Alfawaz; Abdulrahman S. Al-Ajlan; Sobhy M. Yakout; Majed S. Alokail. Vitamin D Supplementation and Serum Levels of Magne-sium and Selenium in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Gender Dimorphic Changes. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 2014, 84, 27 -34.

AMA Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri, Khalid M. Alkharfy, Nasiruddin Khan, Hanan A. Alfawaz, Abdulrahman S. Al-Ajlan, Sobhy M. Yakout, Majed S. Alokail. Vitamin D Supplementation and Serum Levels of Magne-sium and Selenium in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Gender Dimorphic Changes. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. 2014; 84 (1-2):27-34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Khalid M. Alkharfy; Nasiruddin Khan; Hanan A. Alfawaz; Abdulrahman S. Al-Ajlan; Sobhy M. Yakout; Majed S. Alokail. 2014. "Vitamin D Supplementation and Serum Levels of Magne-sium and Selenium in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Gender Dimorphic Changes." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 84, no. 1-2: 27-34.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2014 in Endocrine Abstracts
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Dara Al-Disi; Nasser M Aldaghri; Nasiruddin Khan; Mohammad AlSaif; Assim A Alfadda; Shaun B Sabico; Gyanendra Tripathi; Philip McTernan. A 3-month low fat diet leads to significant lipid profile improvement in obese T2DM Saudi subjects, without substantial weight loss, and the capacity to manage a damaging high-fat meal challenge more appropriately post intervention. Endocrine Abstracts 2014, 1 .

AMA Style

Dara Al-Disi, Nasser M Aldaghri, Nasiruddin Khan, Mohammad AlSaif, Assim A Alfadda, Shaun B Sabico, Gyanendra Tripathi, Philip McTernan. A 3-month low fat diet leads to significant lipid profile improvement in obese T2DM Saudi subjects, without substantial weight loss, and the capacity to manage a damaging high-fat meal challenge more appropriately post intervention. Endocrine Abstracts. 2014; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dara Al-Disi; Nasser M Aldaghri; Nasiruddin Khan; Mohammad AlSaif; Assim A Alfadda; Shaun B Sabico; Gyanendra Tripathi; Philip McTernan. 2014. "A 3-month low fat diet leads to significant lipid profile improvement in obese T2DM Saudi subjects, without substantial weight loss, and the capacity to manage a damaging high-fat meal challenge more appropriately post intervention." Endocrine Abstracts , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 21 February 2014 in Nutrients
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Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of plant-derived food intake in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The potential bioactivity of cocoa and its polyphenolic components in modulating cardiovascular health is now being studied worldwide and continues to grow at a rapid pace. In fact, the high polyphenol content of cocoa is of particular interest from the nutritional and pharmacological viewpoints. Cocoa polyphenols are shown to possess a range of cardiovascular-protective properties, and can play a meaningful role through modulating different inflammatory markers involved in atherosclerosis. Accumulated evidence on related anti-inflammatory effects of cocoa polyphenols is summarized in the present review.

ACS Style

Nasiruddin Khan; Olha Khymenets; Mireia Urpi-Sarda; Sara Tulipani; Mar Garcia-Aloy; María Monagas; Ximena Mora-Cubillos; Rafael Llorach; Cristina Andres-Lacueva. Cocoa Polyphenols and Inflammatory Markers of Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2014, 6, 844 -880.

AMA Style

Nasiruddin Khan, Olha Khymenets, Mireia Urpi-Sarda, Sara Tulipani, Mar Garcia-Aloy, María Monagas, Ximena Mora-Cubillos, Rafael Llorach, Cristina Andres-Lacueva. Cocoa Polyphenols and Inflammatory Markers of Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients. 2014; 6 (2):844-880.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nasiruddin Khan; Olha Khymenets; Mireia Urpi-Sarda; Sara Tulipani; Mar Garcia-Aloy; María Monagas; Ximena Mora-Cubillos; Rafael Llorach; Cristina Andres-Lacueva. 2014. "Cocoa Polyphenols and Inflammatory Markers of Cardiovascular Disease." Nutrients 6, no. 2: 844-880.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2014 in Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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ACS Style

Omar S Al-Attas; Nasser M Al-Daghri; Majed S Alokail; Khalid M Alkharfy; Nasiruddin Khan; Hanan A Alfawaz; Ibrahim A Aiswaidan; Abdulrahman S Al-Ajlan; George P Chrousos. Association of dietary fatty acids intake with pro-coagulation and inflammation in Saudi Adults. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2014, 23, 1 .

AMA Style

Omar S Al-Attas, Nasser M Al-Daghri, Majed S Alokail, Khalid M Alkharfy, Nasiruddin Khan, Hanan A Alfawaz, Ibrahim A Aiswaidan, Abdulrahman S Al-Ajlan, George P Chrousos. Association of dietary fatty acids intake with pro-coagulation and inflammation in Saudi Adults. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014; 23 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Omar S Al-Attas; Nasser M Al-Daghri; Majed S Alokail; Khalid M Alkharfy; Nasiruddin Khan; Hanan A Alfawaz; Ibrahim A Aiswaidan; Abdulrahman S Al-Ajlan; George P Chrousos. 2014. "Association of dietary fatty acids intake with pro-coagulation and inflammation in Saudi Adults." Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 23, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2013 in Nutrients
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During the last decade, the rapid economic development in Saudi Arabia resulted in an unbalanced dietary intake pattern within the general population. Consequently, metabolic syndrome was also documented to be highly prevalent in the Middle-East region. We aimed to examine the relationship between selected dietary nutrient intakes and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the general adult population of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, 185 adult Saudis aged 19 to 60 years (87 males and 98 females (mean age 35.6 ± 13.2 and 37.6 ± 11.7 years, respectively)) were included. The criteria for metabolic syndrome were based on the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) criteria, and the dietary food intake was assessed by two 24-h dietary recall methods. The odd ratios (ORs) of metabolic syndrome risk across quartiles of selected dietary nutrients were significantly lower for carbohydrates and proteins, as well as for vitamins A, C, E and K, calcium, zinc and magnesium (p < 0.05 for all) in the female group with metabolic syndrome than those without. The pattern of daily dietary intake of selected nutrients among the general population of Saudi Arabia raises concern, and this dietary imbalance could increase the risk of metabolic syndrome, particularly in adult Saudi females.

ACS Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Nasiruddin Khan; Khalid M. Alkharfy; Omar S. Al-Attas; Majed S. Alokail; Hanan A. Alfawaz; Abdulaziz Alothman; Paul M. Vanhoutte. Selected Dietary Nutrients and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Males and Females in Saudi Arabia: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2013, 5, 4587 -4604.

AMA Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri, Nasiruddin Khan, Khalid M. Alkharfy, Omar S. Al-Attas, Majed S. Alokail, Hanan A. Alfawaz, Abdulaziz Alothman, Paul M. Vanhoutte. Selected Dietary Nutrients and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Males and Females in Saudi Arabia: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2013; 5 (11):4587-4604.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Nasiruddin Khan; Khalid M. Alkharfy; Omar S. Al-Attas; Majed S. Alokail; Hanan A. Alfawaz; Abdulaziz Alothman; Paul M. Vanhoutte. 2013. "Selected Dietary Nutrients and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Males and Females in Saudi Arabia: A Pilot Study." Nutrients 5, no. 11: 4587-4604.

Book chapter
Published: 26 October 2012 in Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Arthritis and Related Inflammatory Diseases
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Nasiruddin Khan; Maria Monagas; Mireia Urpi; Rafael Llorach; Cristina Andres-Lacueva. Contribution of Bioactive Foods and Their Emerging Role in Immunomodulation, Inflammation, and Arthritis. Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Arthritis and Related Inflammatory Diseases 2012, 43 -65.

AMA Style

Nasiruddin Khan, Maria Monagas, Mireia Urpi, Rafael Llorach, Cristina Andres-Lacueva. Contribution of Bioactive Foods and Their Emerging Role in Immunomodulation, Inflammation, and Arthritis. Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Arthritis and Related Inflammatory Diseases. 2012; ():43-65.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nasiruddin Khan; Maria Monagas; Mireia Urpi; Rafael Llorach; Cristina Andres-Lacueva. 2012. "Contribution of Bioactive Foods and Their Emerging Role in Immunomodulation, Inflammation, and Arthritis." Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Arthritis and Related Inflammatory Diseases , no. : 43-65.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2012 in Chocolate and Health
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Cocoa is a rich source of polyphenols; indeed cocoa beans contain approximately 6–8% polyphenols by dry weight [1].

ACS Style

Nasiruddin Khan; Nathalie M. Nicod. Biomarkers of Cocoa Consumption. Chocolate and Health 2012, 33 -40.

AMA Style

Nasiruddin Khan, Nathalie M. Nicod. Biomarkers of Cocoa Consumption. Chocolate and Health. 2012; ():33-40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nasiruddin Khan; Nathalie M. Nicod. 2012. "Biomarkers of Cocoa Consumption." Chocolate and Health , no. : 33-40.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2012 in Endocrine Journal
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We report the dietary intake of selected nutrients in apparently healthy adults and children and its correlation with circulating levels of serum leptin and resistin. In this observational study, 47 Saudi children (mean age 13.1 ± 2.8 year) and 47 adults (mean age 45.7 ± 10.5 year) were recruited. Anthropometric data and lipid profile were obtained. Food intake was assessed by a food questionnaire and a 24-hour diet recall method. The dietary intake of selected nutrients was compared with the estimated average requirement (EAR) or adequate intake (AI) for establishing nutritional status. Results demonstrated that the levels of choline and calcium intake were significantly lower than the EAR in adults (p= 0.01 and 0.04, respectively) and relatively low in children. The level of manganese in adults was significantly higher (p= 0.02) than their AI level. The increasing levels of dietary vitamin B6 and B12 were associated with a significant increase in serum concentrations of leptin in adults and children (p=0.02). Overall, the dietary intakes of selected nutrients in Saudi adults and children were not adequate with most of them below cut-off EAR values except for essential amino acids.

ACS Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Abdulaziz Al-Othman; Khalid M. Alkharfy; Majed S. Alokail; Nasiruddin Khan; Hanan Alfawaz; Ibrahim A. Aiswaidan; George P. Chrousos. Assessment of selected nutrient intake and adipocytokine profile among Saudi children and adults. Endocrine Journal 2012, 59, 1057 -1063.

AMA Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri, Abdulaziz Al-Othman, Khalid M. Alkharfy, Majed S. Alokail, Nasiruddin Khan, Hanan Alfawaz, Ibrahim A. Aiswaidan, George P. Chrousos. Assessment of selected nutrient intake and adipocytokine profile among Saudi children and adults. Endocrine Journal. 2012; 59 (12):1057-1063.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Abdulaziz Al-Othman; Khalid M. Alkharfy; Majed S. Alokail; Nasiruddin Khan; Hanan Alfawaz; Ibrahim A. Aiswaidan; George P. Chrousos. 2012. "Assessment of selected nutrient intake and adipocytokine profile among Saudi children and adults." Endocrine Journal 59, no. 12: 1057-1063.