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Becca B.R. Jablonski
Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Colorado State University, Clark Building, Fort Collins, CO, USA

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Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Food Policy
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Sustainable community development relies on cumulative investments in a broad range of capital assets, yet little research sets forth comprehensive measures of their stocks or the relationships of capital assets to community outcomes. Building off conceptual frameworks for wealth creation, we develop a comprehensive set of indicators associated with stocks of community-based wealth at the county level. Including such indicators when evaluating community outcomes addresses a missing-variables problem of prior efforts and allows one to control for and quantify the importance of community capital assets in concert with traditional modeling efforts. To illustrate their use, we evaluate the association between the percentage of farms selling through direct-to-consumer channels and community capital stocks for both metro and nonmetro counties, capturing direct and indirect spillovers. Our results demonstrate clear differences in the association of capital stocks and the percentage of farms’ direct-to-consumer channel adoption across counties classified as metro and nonmetro (and their adjacency to metro counties), suggesting that the success of food system interventions, policies, and strategies for local economic development may hinge on the preexisting levels of community capitals and/or the need for planners to develop them further.

ACS Style

Todd M. Schmit; Becca B.R. Jablonski; Alessandro Bonanno; Thomas G. Johnson. Measuring stocks of community wealth and their association with food systems efforts in rural and urban places. Food Policy 2021, 102, 102119 .

AMA Style

Todd M. Schmit, Becca B.R. Jablonski, Alessandro Bonanno, Thomas G. Johnson. Measuring stocks of community wealth and their association with food systems efforts in rural and urban places. Food Policy. 2021; 102 ():102119.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Todd M. Schmit; Becca B.R. Jablonski; Alessandro Bonanno; Thomas G. Johnson. 2021. "Measuring stocks of community wealth and their association with food systems efforts in rural and urban places." Food Policy 102, no. : 102119.

Earlycite article
Published: 06 May 2021 in Agricultural Finance Review
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Purpose The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 directed the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Risk Management Association to investigate a policy targeted to farms and ranches that sell through local food markets. However, there is no available research that quantitatively documents the extent to which local food producers utilize Federal crop insurance. Design/methodology/approach The authors utilize 2013–2016 USDA Agricultural Resource Management Survey data to compare farms and ranches with sales through local food markets to those with and without Federal crop insurance expenditure, as well as the distribution of Federal crop expenditure, across market channels and scales. Findings There is a little variation in Federal crop insurance expenditure across market channels, defined as direct-to-consumer only sales, intermediated sales, and a combination of direct-to-consumer and intermediated sales. Rather, the results show that scale is the primary predictor of Federal crop insurance expenditure; larger operations are more likely to have nonzero Federal crop insurance expenses. Originality/value This article provides the first national research to document descriptive statistics of the utilization of Federal crop insurance by US farms and ranches that utilize local food market channels.

ACS Style

Becca B.R. Jablonski; Joleen Hadrich; Allie Bauman. The role of Federal crop insurance for farms and ranches that sell through local food markets. Agricultural Finance Review 2021, ahead-of-p, 1 .

AMA Style

Becca B.R. Jablonski, Joleen Hadrich, Allie Bauman. The role of Federal crop insurance for farms and ranches that sell through local food markets. Agricultural Finance Review. 2021; ahead-of-p (ahead-of-p):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Becca B.R. Jablonski; Joleen Hadrich; Allie Bauman. 2021. "The role of Federal crop insurance for farms and ranches that sell through local food markets." Agricultural Finance Review ahead-of-p, no. ahead-of-p: 1.

Articles
Published: 12 April 2021 in Journal of Wine Economics
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We conducted an in-store experiment to test the hypothesis that Colorado wines may suffer from reputational stigma. The context relates to marketing challenges faced by novel wine regions entering the competitive retail environment, even in a local context, and the possibility of being stuck in a “bad reputation trap.” Adopting a 2×2 design where we varied region of production (Colorado vs. California) and grape variety (familiar vs. unfamiliar), we administered a between-subject information treatment that revealed the origin of production to only half of the participants. We measured taste perceptions using Likert scales, and we elicited valuation via a multiple price listing. Our results are consistent with the presence of stigma against wines produced in Colorado. In the discussion, we draw from the literature on stigmatized markets to suggest plausible strategies to remove or avoid stigma. (JEL Classifications: L1, L15, Q1, Q13)

ACS Style

Marco Costanigro; Becca B.R. Jablonski. Consumer Stigma and the Reputation Trap Hypothesis: An In-Store Experiment with Colorado Wines. Journal of Wine Economics 2021, 1 -21.

AMA Style

Marco Costanigro, Becca B.R. Jablonski. Consumer Stigma and the Reputation Trap Hypothesis: An In-Store Experiment with Colorado Wines. Journal of Wine Economics. 2021; ():1-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Costanigro; Becca B.R. Jablonski. 2021. "Consumer Stigma and the Reputation Trap Hypothesis: An In-Store Experiment with Colorado Wines." Journal of Wine Economics , no. : 1-21.

Research article
Published: 12 April 2021 in Journal of School Health
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BACKGROUND The most recent Farm to School (FTS) Census reported that of the 42% of US schools that participate in FTS, 77% procure food locally. In 2019, Colorado joined many other states in passing legislation that provides per‐meal incentives for purchasing local foods. However, little is known about how these incentives impact procurement decisions of school Food Service Directors (FSDs), and purported benefits of FTS cannot accrue without additional local purchases by school FSDs. METHODS We constructed a unique, primary dataset of fresh fruit and vegetable purchases from 18 months of school invoices in 3 Northern Colorado school districts and parameterized an optimization model that mimics FSD decisions. Subsequently, we simulated how procurement is impacted by local food reimbursements. RESULTS Assuming 2017 and 2018 purchasing behavior, at $0.05 per meal reimbursement, FSDs would increase fresh fruit and vegetable purchasing by 11‐12% in August‐October, but by only 0‐1% in November‐December, likely due to seasonality constraints. CONCLUSIONS While an increase in FTS procurement was expected, the magnitude of the potential increase when aligned with the Colorado growing season is notable. This work underscores that adequately funded reimbursement‐based FTS policies can increase FTS procurement without disrupting normal cost‐minimizing purchasing behavior.

ACS Style

Abigail B. Long; Becca B. R. Jablonski; Marco Costanigro; W. M. Frasier. The Impact of State Farm to School Procurement Incentives on School Purchasing Decisions. Journal of School Health 2021, 91, 418 -427.

AMA Style

Abigail B. Long, Becca B. R. Jablonski, Marco Costanigro, W. M. Frasier. The Impact of State Farm to School Procurement Incentives on School Purchasing Decisions. Journal of School Health. 2021; 91 (5):418-427.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abigail B. Long; Becca B. R. Jablonski; Marco Costanigro; W. M. Frasier. 2021. "The Impact of State Farm to School Procurement Incentives on School Purchasing Decisions." Journal of School Health 91, no. 5: 418-427.

Research article
Published: 25 January 2021 in Agribusiness
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Farmers markets, an important direct‐to‐consumer market, have shown signs of declining sales since 2007. This trend has raised concern about their future viability, inciting stakeholders to consider new marketing and development approaches. Unfortunately, the literature on these approaches is largely qualitative, with little empirical or experimental evidence assessing impact or effectiveness. We present results from a randomized control trial measuring the efficacy of an informational nudge—a mailed coupon—in attracting new customers to a winter farmers market in Northern Colorado. Previous research identified perceived lack of product assortment at farmers markets as a major barrier to consumer attendance; accordingly, half of the coupons in our experiment emphasized the wide range of products sold at the market, while the control coupons presented general market information. We mailed 6000 physical coupons redeemable for $10 to randomly selected households in Fort Collins, Colorado, during the 2017–2018 market season. One hundred and eleven coupons were redeemed (1.85%), of which 58 were treatment and 53 control. While the coupon was somewhat effective at attracting new customers (36% had never attended the winter farmers market), there were no statistically significant differences in redemption rates between treatment and control. We thus find that the information nudge was not enough to influence the decision to attend the winter farmers market. EconLit citations: Q13, Q18.

ACS Style

Nicole Didero; Marco Costanigro; Becca B. R. Jablonski. Promoting farmers market via information nudges and coupons: A randomized control trial. Agribusiness 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Nicole Didero, Marco Costanigro, Becca B. R. Jablonski. Promoting farmers market via information nudges and coupons: A randomized control trial. Agribusiness. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicole Didero; Marco Costanigro; Becca B. R. Jablonski. 2021. "Promoting farmers market via information nudges and coupons: A randomized control trial." Agribusiness , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 15 December 2020 in Community Development
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The changing structure of agriculture strains the historically close relationship between commodity agriculture and rural development. Meanwhile, growth in consumer interest for differentiated, value-added products has the potential to create community economic development opportunities. However, the evidence regarding the benefit of value-added programs for broader community wealth is mixed. We argue that the mixed findings result, in part, from differences in how “value-added” is defined. Value-added agriculture has been conceptualized in many ways. Taking a US-focused approach, we first review four main concepts: value-added, short food supply chain, values-based supply chain, and civic agriculture. Building on these, we present our definition of a value(s)-added food and agriculture sector, incorporating three features: (1) Consumers make purchases that simultaneously provide utility and enable a price premium; (2) the shared principles among firms and their relational arrangement support the distribution of the value, and thus the premium, across the chain and between owners and employees (the use of “principles” or “values” prompts the “(s)” in our definition); and (3) supply chain actors have a demonstrated commitment to the community. We discuss how this definition contributes to debates in, and has implications for, community economic development policy.

ACS Style

Jill K. Clark; Becca B.R. Jablonski; Shoshanah Inwood; Aiden Irish; Julia Freedgood. A contemporary concept of the value(s)-added food and agriculture sector and rural development. Community Development 2020, 52, 186 -204.

AMA Style

Jill K. Clark, Becca B.R. Jablonski, Shoshanah Inwood, Aiden Irish, Julia Freedgood. A contemporary concept of the value(s)-added food and agriculture sector and rural development. Community Development. 2020; 52 (2):186-204.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jill K. Clark; Becca B.R. Jablonski; Shoshanah Inwood; Aiden Irish; Julia Freedgood. 2020. "A contemporary concept of the value(s)-added food and agriculture sector and rural development." Community Development 52, no. 2: 186-204.

Featured article
Published: 24 September 2020 in Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy
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As lockdown and school closure policies were implemented in response to the coronavirus, the federal government provided funding and relaxed its rules to support emergency food provision, but not guidance on best practices for effectiveness. Accordingly, cities developed a diverse patchwork of emergency feeding programs. This article uses qualitative data to provide insight into emergency food provision developed in five cities to serve children and families. Based on our qualitative analysis, we find that the effectiveness of local approaches appears to depend on: 1) cross‐sector collaboration, 2) supply chains, and 3) addressing gaps in service to increased risk populations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Becca B.R. Jablonski; Joy Casnovsky; Jill K. Clark; Rebecca Cleary; Beth Feingold; Darcy Freedman; Steven Gray; Xiaobo Romeiko; Laura Schmitt Olabisi; Mariana Torres; Alexandra E. Van Den Berg; Colleen Walsh; Chelsea Wentworth. Emergency Food Provision for Children and Families during the COVID ‐19 Pandemic: Examples from Five U.S. Cities. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 2020, 43, 169 -184.

AMA Style

Becca B.R. Jablonski, Joy Casnovsky, Jill K. Clark, Rebecca Cleary, Beth Feingold, Darcy Freedman, Steven Gray, Xiaobo Romeiko, Laura Schmitt Olabisi, Mariana Torres, Alexandra E. Van Den Berg, Colleen Walsh, Chelsea Wentworth. Emergency Food Provision for Children and Families during the COVID ‐19 Pandemic: Examples from Five U.S. Cities. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy. 2020; 43 (1):169-184.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Becca B.R. Jablonski; Joy Casnovsky; Jill K. Clark; Rebecca Cleary; Beth Feingold; Darcy Freedman; Steven Gray; Xiaobo Romeiko; Laura Schmitt Olabisi; Mariana Torres; Alexandra E. Van Den Berg; Colleen Walsh; Chelsea Wentworth. 2020. "Emergency Food Provision for Children and Families during the COVID ‐19 Pandemic: Examples from Five U.S. Cities." Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 43, no. 1: 169-184.

Featured article
Published: 13 July 2020 in Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy
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This research uses descriptive analysis to provide a preliminary examination of the role of human capital in farms and ranches that sell through local food markets. We first provide an in‐depth review of previous research investigating the role of human capital in local food markets. Then, we use U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Resource Management Survey data to provide national descriptive statistics to investigate if the repositioning of food and agricultural supply chains towards more localized markets affects the role of human capital in the business model (in terms of the share of business activities spent on human capital), and secondly the returns to human capital (in terms of wages). Given the place‐based nature of these strategies, we also investigate how these human capital investments vary across the rural urban continuum. We find that local food producers devote a larger share of total variable expenses to labor, and have significantly higher average estimated wages; this is especially true for operations with intermediated‐only or intermediated and direct sales, as opposed to direct‐only sales. We also find that wages are higher for local food producers in more urban locations.

ACS Style

Becca B.R. Jablonski; Allison Bauman; Dawn Thilmany. Local Food Market Orientation and Labor Intensity. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 2020, 43, 916 -934.

AMA Style

Becca B.R. Jablonski, Allison Bauman, Dawn Thilmany. Local Food Market Orientation and Labor Intensity. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy. 2020; 43 (3):916-934.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Becca B.R. Jablonski; Allison Bauman; Dawn Thilmany. 2020. "Local Food Market Orientation and Labor Intensity." Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 43, no. 3: 916-934.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2019 in Review of Regional Studies
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We apply farm-level data to a two-stage model to explore how three different theories of comparative advantage influence the propensity of a farm or ranch to adopt an agritourism enterprise and the level of economic activity tied to that enterprise. Findings suggest that a county's entrepreneurial spirit and scenic byways increase the propensity to adopt agritourism, but natural endowments and agglomeration are the primary drivers of agritourism economic activity. Results should assist policy makers as well as rural economic development researchers in leveraging community strengths to increase economic activity in the agritourism industry and its surrounding rural economies.

ACS Style

Anders Van Sandt; Sarah Low; Becca Jablonski; Stephan Weiler. Place-Based Factors and the Performance of Farm-Level Entrepreneurship: A Spatial Interaction Model of Agritourism in the U.S. Review of Regional Studies 2019, 49, 428 -453.

AMA Style

Anders Van Sandt, Sarah Low, Becca Jablonski, Stephan Weiler. Place-Based Factors and the Performance of Farm-Level Entrepreneurship: A Spatial Interaction Model of Agritourism in the U.S. Review of Regional Studies. 2019; 49 (3):428-453.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anders Van Sandt; Sarah Low; Becca Jablonski; Stephan Weiler. 2019. "Place-Based Factors and the Performance of Farm-Level Entrepreneurship: A Spatial Interaction Model of Agritourism in the U.S." Review of Regional Studies 49, no. 3: 428-453.

Review
Published: 05 September 2019 in Advances in Nutrition
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Farm to school programs (F2SPs) operate in 42% of school districts and are supported in part through federal and state policies as well as philanthropic funding. Although research evaluating the effects of farm to school–related activities on student outcomes is growing, a systematic review of the results and thus a synthesis of implications for future programming have not occurred. The primary objective of this systematic literature review is to summarize and evaluate studies on student outcomes associated with farm to school–related activities up to 1 September, 2017. Four databases spanning 4 research disciplines were used to identify full-text, English-language studies. Twenty-one studies were reviewed: 7 explicitly investigated F2SPs, and 14 evaluated the impact of school-based interventions that were relevant to activities reported in the 2013 and/or 2015 Farm to School Census. All of the F2SP studies (n = 7) and 85.7% of farm to school–related activity studies (n = 12) were multicomponent, and there was a wide variety of implemented intervention components across the reviewed studies. Results from F2SP and farm to school–related activity studies consistently show positive impacts on food and nutrition-related knowledge; most studies also suggest a positive relation between farm to school–related activities and healthy food selection during school meals, nutrition self-efficacy, and willingness to try fruits and vegetables. The impact of farm to school activities on fruit and vegetable consumption and preferences is unclear. The most common F2SP study limitations were study designs that preclude causal inference, outcome measurement with no reported or limited psychometric testing, lack of long-term outcome evaluation, and challenges related to quantifying intervention implementation. These findings underscore the need for more conclusive evidence on the relation between farm to school–related activities and changes in fruit and vegetable consumption.

ACS Style

Melissa Pflugh Prescott; Rebecca Cleary; Alessandro Bonanno; Marco Costanigro; Becca Jablonski; Abigail B Long. Farm to School Activities and Student Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Advances in Nutrition 2019, 11, 357 -374.

AMA Style

Melissa Pflugh Prescott, Rebecca Cleary, Alessandro Bonanno, Marco Costanigro, Becca Jablonski, Abigail B Long. Farm to School Activities and Student Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Advances in Nutrition. 2019; 11 (2):357-374.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melissa Pflugh Prescott; Rebecca Cleary; Alessandro Bonanno; Marco Costanigro; Becca Jablonski; Abigail B Long. 2019. "Farm to School Activities and Student Outcomes: A Systematic Review." Advances in Nutrition 11, no. 2: 357-374.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2019 in Sustainability
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Due in large part to rising consumer interest, the number of farmers and ranchers selling through local food markets is growing. Community-supported agriculture (CSA) is a unique local food channel adopted by producers that was initially established as a strategy for producers to directly benefit from the season-long investments of buyers who align with their community-focused mission. Although the U.S. Department of Agriculture has long collected data to improve farm performance, information on specific marketing channels is missing, and in response, this research provides some of the first evidence of the heterogeneity of performance among CSAs. In a pilot approach to understanding the economics of CSAs relative to other direct marketing channels, we conducted an assessment process, incorporating 42 farms in Colorado between June 2016 and October 2017. Results showed that farms that incorporated CSA sales in their direct market portfolios tended to be smaller in scale and utilize more diverse markets. Although these CSA farms have lower average weekly sales, they have the highest average marketing profit margins compared to other direct market channels.

ACS Style

Becca B. R. Jablonski; Martha Sullins; Dawn Thilmany McFadden. Community-Supported Agriculture Marketing Performance: Results from Pilot Market Channel Assessments in Colorado. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2950 .

AMA Style

Becca B. R. Jablonski, Martha Sullins, Dawn Thilmany McFadden. Community-Supported Agriculture Marketing Performance: Results from Pilot Market Channel Assessments in Colorado. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (10):2950.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Becca B. R. Jablonski; Martha Sullins; Dawn Thilmany McFadden. 2019. "Community-Supported Agriculture Marketing Performance: Results from Pilot Market Channel Assessments in Colorado." Sustainability 11, no. 10: 2950.

Review
Published: 04 April 2019 in Sustainability
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Cities are increasingly turning to food policy plans to support goals related to food access, food security, the environment, and economic development. This paper investigates ways that rural farmers, communities, and economies can both support and be supported by metropolitan food-focused initiatives. Specifically, our research question asked what opportunities and barriers exist to developing food policies that support urban food goals, particularly related to local procurement, as well as rural economic development. To address this question, we described and analyzed a meeting of urban stakeholders and larger-scale rural producers related to Colorado’s Denver Food Vision and Plan. We documented and explored “findings” gleaned from a supply chain diagraming and data compilation process that were then used to inform an event that brought together diverse supply chain partners. Three findings stand out. First, facilitating dialog between urban food policymakers and rural producers to understand potential tensions, mitigate such tensions, and capitalize on opportunities is essential. Second, perceptions and expectations surrounding “good food” are nuanced—a timely finding given the number of preferred procurement programs emerging across the county. Third, critical evaluation is needed across a diverse set of value chain strategies (e.g., conventional and alternative distribution) if food policy intends to support heterogeneous producers, their communities, and urban food policy goals.

ACS Style

Becca Jablonski; Michael Carolan; James Hale; Dawn Thilmany McFadden; Erin Love; Libby Christensen; Tabitha Covey; Laura Bellows; Rebecca Cleary; Olaf David; Kevin Jablonski; Andrew Jones; Paul Meiman; Jason Quinn; Elizabeth Ryan; Meagan Schipanski; Hailey Summers; Mark Uchanski. Connecting Urban Food Plans to the Countryside: Leveraging Denver’s Food Vision to Explore Meaningful Rural–Urban Linkages. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2022 .

AMA Style

Becca Jablonski, Michael Carolan, James Hale, Dawn Thilmany McFadden, Erin Love, Libby Christensen, Tabitha Covey, Laura Bellows, Rebecca Cleary, Olaf David, Kevin Jablonski, Andrew Jones, Paul Meiman, Jason Quinn, Elizabeth Ryan, Meagan Schipanski, Hailey Summers, Mark Uchanski. Connecting Urban Food Plans to the Countryside: Leveraging Denver’s Food Vision to Explore Meaningful Rural–Urban Linkages. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):2022.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Becca Jablonski; Michael Carolan; James Hale; Dawn Thilmany McFadden; Erin Love; Libby Christensen; Tabitha Covey; Laura Bellows; Rebecca Cleary; Olaf David; Kevin Jablonski; Andrew Jones; Paul Meiman; Jason Quinn; Elizabeth Ryan; Meagan Schipanski; Hailey Summers; Mark Uchanski. 2019. "Connecting Urban Food Plans to the Countryside: Leveraging Denver’s Food Vision to Explore Meaningful Rural–Urban Linkages." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 2022.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2019 in Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development
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First paragraph: This special issue examines the effectiveness of organizing and conducting formal impact assess­ments in measuring the economic impacts and opportunity costs associated with local food system policies, programming, and investment. It features 11 articles by a diverse range of academic research­ers and community stakeholders who have used the publication, the Economics of Local Food Systems: A Toolkit to Guide Community Discussions, Assessments and Choices[1] (which we refer to as “the Toolkit” hereafter) to initialize, frame, and carry out eco­nomic impact assessments of local and regional food system activity. Many of the case studies fea­tured in this special issue are directly connected to the over 30 technical assis­tance workshops pro­vided by the Toolkit’s authors and other partners between 2015 and 2018 follow­ing the Toolkit’s release. Our intention in compil­ing these papers is to gauge whether practitioners and researchers find the Toolkit useful in demon­strating compelling evidence of the economic impacts of food system development strategies, and when they do, to demonstrate its utility and share best practices. [1] See the Toolkit online at https://www.ams.usda.gov/publications/content/economics-local-food-systems-toolkit-guide-community-discussions-assessments

ACS Style

Becca B. R. Jablonski; Dawn Thilmany McFadden. What is a ‘Multiplier’ Anyway? Assessing the Economics of Local Foods Systems Toolkit. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 2019, 8, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Becca B. R. Jablonski, Dawn Thilmany McFadden. What is a ‘Multiplier’ Anyway? Assessing the Economics of Local Foods Systems Toolkit. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development. 2019; 8 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Becca B. R. Jablonski; Dawn Thilmany McFadden. 2019. "What is a ‘Multiplier’ Anyway? Assessing the Economics of Local Foods Systems Toolkit." Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 8, no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 20 December 2018 in Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development
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According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Farm to School Census, during the 2013–2014 school year, 42% of all U.S. schools (5,254 districts including 42,587 schools) participated in farm-to-school activities. These programs included 23.6 million children and purchased almost US$800 million of locally procured food items (USDA Food and Nutrition Services [USDA FNS], 2015). One of the purported benefits of farm-to-school procurement is that it strengthens the local econ­omy by providing expanded market access for local farms and ranches. Despite the claims of positive economic impact, there is limited research to sup­port this. This paper presents a framework for evaluating the economic impacts of farm-to-school programs, adapting the USDA’s “Local Food Economics Toolkit” for this specific context. The approach combines primary and secondary data to customize an input-output model, reflecting the complex supply chains that link producers and schools. Additionally, to illustrate the approach, we summarize the findings from two case studies of local food procurement by schools between 2016 and 2017.

ACS Style

Libby Christensen; Becca B. R. Jablonski; Lacy Stephens; Anupama Joshi. Evaluating the Economic Impacts of Farm-to-school Procurement: An Approach for Primary and Secondary Financial Data Collection of Producers Selling to Schools. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 2018, 8, 1 -22.

AMA Style

Libby Christensen, Becca B. R. Jablonski, Lacy Stephens, Anupama Joshi. Evaluating the Economic Impacts of Farm-to-school Procurement: An Approach for Primary and Secondary Financial Data Collection of Producers Selling to Schools. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development. 2018; 8 ():1-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Libby Christensen; Becca B. R. Jablonski; Lacy Stephens; Anupama Joshi. 2018. "Evaluating the Economic Impacts of Farm-to-school Procurement: An Approach for Primary and Secondary Financial Data Collection of Producers Selling to Schools." Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 8, no. : 1-22.

Journal article
Published: 20 December 2018 in Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development
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According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Farm to School Census, during the 2013–2014 school year, 42% of all U.S. schools (5,254 districts including 42,587 schools) participated in farm-to-school activities. These programs included 23.6 million children and purchased almost US$800 million of locally procured food items (USDA Food and Nutrition Services [USDA FNS], 2015). One of the purported benefits of farm-to-school procurement is that it strengthens the local econ­omy by providing expanded market access for local farms and ranches. Despite the claims of positive economic impact, there is limited research to sup­port this. This paper presents a framework for evaluating the economic impacts of farm-to-school programs, adapting the USDA’s “Local Food Economics Toolkit” for this specific context. The approach combines primary and secondary data to customize an input-output model, reflecting the complex supply chains that link producers and schools. Additionally, to illustrate the approach, we summarize the findings from two case studies of local food procurement by schools between 2016 and 2017.

ACS Style

Libby Christensen; Becca B. R. Jablonski; Lacy Stephens; Anupama Joshi. Evaluating the Economic Impacts of Farm-to-school Procurement: An Approach for Primary and Secondary Financial Data Collection of Producers Selling to Schools. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 2018, 8, 73 -94.

AMA Style

Libby Christensen, Becca B. R. Jablonski, Lacy Stephens, Anupama Joshi. Evaluating the Economic Impacts of Farm-to-school Procurement: An Approach for Primary and Secondary Financial Data Collection of Producers Selling to Schools. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development. 2018; 8 ():73-94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Libby Christensen; Becca B. R. Jablonski; Lacy Stephens; Anupama Joshi. 2018. "Evaluating the Economic Impacts of Farm-to-school Procurement: An Approach for Primary and Secondary Financial Data Collection of Producers Selling to Schools." Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 8, no. : 73-94.

Journal article
Published: 25 July 2018 in BioScience
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ACS Style

Theresa Nogeire-McRae; Elizabeth P Ryan; Becca Jablonski; Michael Carolan; H S Arathi; Cynthia S Brown; Hairik Honarchian Saki; Starin McKeen; Erin Lapansky; Meagan E Schipanski. The Role of Urban Agriculture in a Secure, Healthy, and Sustainable Food System. BioScience 2018, 68, 748 -759.

AMA Style

Theresa Nogeire-McRae, Elizabeth P Ryan, Becca Jablonski, Michael Carolan, H S Arathi, Cynthia S Brown, Hairik Honarchian Saki, Starin McKeen, Erin Lapansky, Meagan E Schipanski. The Role of Urban Agriculture in a Secure, Healthy, and Sustainable Food System. BioScience. 2018; 68 (10):748-759.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Theresa Nogeire-McRae; Elizabeth P Ryan; Becca Jablonski; Michael Carolan; H S Arathi; Cynthia S Brown; Hairik Honarchian Saki; Starin McKeen; Erin Lapansky; Meagan E Schipanski. 2018. "The Role of Urban Agriculture in a Secure, Healthy, and Sustainable Food System." BioScience 68, no. 10: 748-759.

Journal article
Published: 12 February 2018 in Agricultural and Resource Economics Review
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This study explores how participation in direct and intermediated marketing channels and key operational factors influence agricultural producers’ financial performance. Accordingly, we divide the sample of local and regional food marketers into quartiles segmented by profitability performance as an initial exploration of how strong and weak performance may vary across scale, location, and choice of direct and intermediated channels. Moreover, other financial metrics that vary across types of producers and performance-based quartiles are analyzed. This paper provides initial evidence that participation in direct and intermediated markets may allow farms of any scale of sales volume to be financially viable.

ACS Style

Allison Bauman; Dawn Thilmany McFadden; Becca Jablonski. The Financial Performance Implications of Differential Marketing Strategies: Exploring Farms that Pursue Local Markets as a Core Competitive Advantage. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 2018, 47, 477 -504.

AMA Style

Allison Bauman, Dawn Thilmany McFadden, Becca Jablonski. The Financial Performance Implications of Differential Marketing Strategies: Exploring Farms that Pursue Local Markets as a Core Competitive Advantage. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review. 2018; 47 (3):477-504.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Allison Bauman; Dawn Thilmany McFadden; Becca Jablonski. 2018. "The Financial Performance Implications of Differential Marketing Strategies: Exploring Farms that Pursue Local Markets as a Core Competitive Advantage." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 47, no. 3: 477-504.

Journal article
Published: 21 December 2017 in Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems
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In recent years, the growth in local food marketing channels has been significant. Most of the research in this field examining the economic implication of these trends has focused post-farmgate including supply chain analysis (e.g., Hardesty et al., 2014; King et al., 2010), regional economic impacts (e.g., Brown et al., 2014; Hughes et al., 2008; Jablonski et al., 2016) and consumer values and motivations that have driven demand (e.g., Costanigro, 2014; Lusk and Briggeman, 2009). To date, with the exception of a few case studies examining expenses and sales by channel assessment (LeRoux et al., 2010; Hardesty and Leff, 2010; Jablonski and Schmit, 2016) there has been little research that examines the impact on financial viability among farms selling through these markets. The goal of this paper is twofold: first, to identify the factors that have the greatest influence on the efficiency of farmers and ranchers that participate in local food systems, and second, to estimate the relationship between marketing strategy and farm financial efficiency, with a particular focus on variations across farm size. Our estimation of the stochastic production frontier suggests that scale, production enterprise specialty, market outlet choices, land ownership, and management of expenses have the greatest influence on producer financial efficiency. Our model suggests that scale has the largest impact on financial efficiency, providing evidence that, all else constant, the most important factor in the efficiency of direct market producers is scale. When profit is defined as operating profit, results indicate that marketing channel is not an important indicator of efficiency. But when profit is defined as return on assets, marketing channel is an important indicator of efficiency, albeit less than is scale. Results from this analysis indicate there are economies of scale associated with farms and ranches that sell through local and regional markets, and that scale rather than marketing channel has the largest influence on efficiency.

ACS Style

Allison Bauman; Dawn Thilmany; Becca B.R. Jablonski. Evaluating scale and technical efficiency among farms and ranches with a local market orientation. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 2017, 34, 198 -206.

AMA Style

Allison Bauman, Dawn Thilmany, Becca B.R. Jablonski. Evaluating scale and technical efficiency among farms and ranches with a local market orientation. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. 2017; 34 (03):198-206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Allison Bauman; Dawn Thilmany; Becca B.R. Jablonski. 2017. "Evaluating scale and technical efficiency among farms and ranches with a local market orientation." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 34, no. 03: 198-206.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2017 in Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems
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The 2015 Farm to School Census reports that during the 2013–2014 school year there were over 5200 farm to school (FTS) programs in the USA that involved 39,000 schools and 24.1 million children. These FTS programs are intended, in part, to increase market access and therefore the viability of farms and ranches. Accordingly, the majority of FTS programs involve local food procurement directly from farmers, from non-traditional suppliers that market locally branded food products such as ‘food hubs’, or from traditional suppliers such distributors and food service management companies. Yet, there is reason to believe that transaction costs vary based on the supply chain that schools use to procure local food. Moreover, that the supply chain that schools use to procure local food has a relationship with school's expenditures on local food. We use the 2015 Farm to School Census to estimate the relationship between school district's local food expenditures per student and supply chain structure. We analyzed data using ordinary least squares regressions, controlling for the region of the USA, the type of local food products purchased, and other school-specific characteristics. Importantly, we find a negative and significant relationship between school district's non-milk local food expenditure per student, and purchases directly from the farm and from non-traditional suppliers. This implies that schools that purchase local food from traditional distributors are likely to have higher on average expenditures per student compared with schools that purchase local food directly from farmers or non-traditional distributors. Results point to the need for additional research in determining the efficacy of policies to support direct and non-traditional FTS marketing arrangements.

ACS Style

Libby O. Christensen; Becca B. R. Jablonski; Jeffrey K. O'Hara. School districts and their local food supply chains. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 2017, 34, 207 -215.

AMA Style

Libby O. Christensen, Becca B. R. Jablonski, Jeffrey K. O'Hara. School districts and their local food supply chains. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. 2017; 34 (03):207-215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Libby O. Christensen; Becca B. R. Jablonski; Jeffrey K. O'Hara. 2017. "School districts and their local food supply chains." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 34, no. 03: 207-215.

Articles
Published: 25 July 2017 in Community Development
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With growing interest in wealth creation in rural areas from farmer participation in urban local food markets, defining empirical measures is crucial. However, data limitations and a lack of agreement on what serves as reasonable proxies for alternative capital measures makes the process challenging. Using the Delphi Method and considering a large urban farmers market system, this study prioritizes impacts on eight forms of community capital and estimates empirically flows of intellectual capital to rural areas using primary data from market vendors and customers. Results indicate that sufficient engagement between farmers and urban consumers, combined with educational programming by the farmers market, can increase the transmission of intellectual capital flows to rural areas. For the large urban-based farmers market evaluated, we find that such participation is associated with higher human capital stocks in the counties in which the farmers reside.

ACS Style

Todd M. Schmit; Becca Jablonski; Jennifer Minner; David Kay; Libby Christensen. Rural wealth creation of intellectual capital from urban local food system initiatives: Developing indicators to assess change. Community Development 2017, 48, 639 -656.

AMA Style

Todd M. Schmit, Becca Jablonski, Jennifer Minner, David Kay, Libby Christensen. Rural wealth creation of intellectual capital from urban local food system initiatives: Developing indicators to assess change. Community Development. 2017; 48 (5):639-656.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Todd M. Schmit; Becca Jablonski; Jennifer Minner; David Kay; Libby Christensen. 2017. "Rural wealth creation of intellectual capital from urban local food system initiatives: Developing indicators to assess change." Community Development 48, no. 5: 639-656.