Due to the scarcity of studies linking the variability of rainfall and population growth in the capital cities of Northeastern Brazil (NEB), the purpose of this study is to evaluate the variability and multiscale interaction (annual and seasonal), and in addition, to detect their trends and the impact of urban growth. For this, monthly rainfall data between 1960 and 2020 were used. In addition, the detection of rainfall trends on annual and seasonal scales was performed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and compared with the phases of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The relationship between population growth data and rainfall data for different decades was established. Results indicate that the variability of multiscale urban rainfall is directly associated with the ENSO and PDO phases, followed by the performance of rain-producing meteorological systems in the NEB. In addition, the anthropic influence is shown in the relational pattern between population growth and the variability of decennial rainfall in the capitals of the NEB. However, no capital showed a significant trend of increasing annual rainfall (as in the case of Aracaju, Maceió, and Salvador). The observed population increase in the last decades in the capitals of the NEB and the notable decreasing trend of rainfall could compromise the region’s water security. Moreover, if there is no strategic planning about water bodies, these changes in the rainfall pattern could be compromising.

Este estudo objetivou estabelecer um critério sobre qual teste de aderência deve ser preferido na escolha de funções de distribuição de probabilidades (fdp). Para tal, foram ajustadas as fdp: Gumbel (GUM), Generalizada de valores extremos (GEV) e Log-normal a 2 parâmetros (LN2), através dos métodos dos momentos, momentos-L e máxima verossimilhança, em séries de precipitação diária máxima anual de 11 estações localizadas na bacia hidrográfica do rio Sapucaí. A aderência dessas fdp aos dados foi feita pelos testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Qui-quadrado (χ²), Filliben (Fi) e Anderson-Darling (AD). Verificaram-se quais testes de aderência são mais rigorosos na seleção de distribuições de probabilidade e, ainda, os testes de aderência que convergem os resultados para a escolha da fdp com melhor desempenho na análise de incerteza e/ou nas estatísticas de ajuste. Os testes de aderência mais rigorosos no aceite da aderência da fdp aos dados são os testes de Fi e AD. O teste de Fi é o que mais converge para a escolha da fdp com melhor desempenho na análise de incerteza e nas estatísticas de ajuste, seguido pelo teste de χ², portanto devem ser preferidos. As fdp GUM e GEV se destacaram em representar os dados de precipitação máxima anual.

The objective of this work was to estimate cardinal temperatures and phyllochron for the leaf development of the eucalyptus species Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus urophylla, in the seedling phase. A field experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 2x11 factorial arrangement, with the two eucalyptus species, 11 sowing dates, and five replicates, in the municipality of Itajubá, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The cardinal temperatures - base, optimum, and maximum - for leaf development were, respectively, 8.7, 17.1, and 41.3°C, for C. citriodora, and 11.5, 17.1, and 40.5°C for E. urophylla. The phyllochron of C. citriodora was 62.95°C day per leaf, and that of E. urophylla was 46.03°C day per leaf, which indicates that E. urophylla requires less energy accumulation than C. citriodora for leaf emission in the main stem.