The problem of shaft instability has always been a major difficulty in deep mining practices. The shaft fracture has a high probability of being located near the aquifers and the soft–hard rock contact zone. This paper describes the deformation and stress characteristics of surrounding rock and the shaft lining under the interactive geological conditions under soft and hard rock strata in Anju coal mine, Shandong Province, China. Using the Method of Geological Strength Index (GSI ) and considering the rock-softening characteristics of water, the parameters of rock mass are calibrated. By means of the 3DEC-trigon method, the variation characteristics of surrounding rock and the shaft lining are simulated. After shaft excavation, under the condition of no support, shear failure and tensile failure occur in shallow surrounding rock shafts, and a pressure relief zone is formed. Shear failure is the main destruction mode in deep surrounding rock. Because of the different strengths of the surrounding rock, the deformation of the surrounding rock is significantly different. After the surrounding rock is softened by water absorption, the difference is magnified. The maximum shear stress and plastic zone appear near the interface between soft and hard rock. Under the condition of shaft lining support, uneven deformation of surrounding rock surely leads to nonlinear variation of pressure on the shaft lining. Under the action of an inhomogeneous pressure field, partial shear failure occurs in the shaft lining, and the shear failure area increases after the surrounding rock is softened by water. Because of the nonlinear deformation of the shaft lining, it is easy to produce stress concentration and bending moment near the interface between hard and soft strata. The control methods of advance grouting and pressure relief excavation are proposed to improve the stability of the shaft, and a good effect is gained.

The efficient exploitation of deep-buried resources and the penetration of deep tunnels are related to the sustainable development of energy and security, and the stability of the surrounding rock of deep-buried tunnels is an important issue to study. Therefore, the mechanical characteristics of thin-bedded rock masses due to water-absorption softening and structural effects were studied. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength tends to decrease first and then increase with the rise in layer inclination, and an overall U-shaped distribution is presented. The water-absorption and softening mechanism of slate, which is a typical thin-bedded rock masses, involves water entering the slate along the weak surface of the layer. Then, the expansion of water absorption and the expansion perpendicular to the layer caused by the action of clay minerals causes cracks along the layer surface near the weak surface of the layer, which is macroscopically manifested as a decrease in strength. Through the single weak-surface theory, the layer-inclination range of 25–79° is determined for shear failure. The universal distinct element code can accurately and intuitively reflect the failure mode of rock samples affected by moisture content and structural effects.

Affected by the “three highs and one disturbance” (high ground pressure, high ground temperature, high permeability pressure, and strong mining disturbance), deep layered rock mass roadways often display large deformations, resulting in accidents and disasters from time to time. This paper aims to study creep characteristics of layered rock masses after water absorption due to structural effects, combined with acoustic emission energy and dominant frequency value analysis. Experimental results show that as the water content decreases, the long-term strength of the rock sample increases, and the damage becomes more severe. Under the same water content state conditions, the rock samples with bedding angles of 0°, 30°, and 90° have high long-term strength and undergo severe failure, whereas rock samples with bedding angles of 45° and 60° have low long-term strength and undergo mild failure. Under the same water content, the initial energy release increases with the bedding angle. Under the same water content, the energy release during failure decreases first and then increases with the increasing bedding angle. The initial energy, the cumulative energy, the initial main frequency, and the main frequency at the time of failure tend to decrease with the increase in water content.

In this paper, for extended object tracking in the case of mutation of irregular stars convex shape, using Random Hypersurface Model (RHM ) to model the object, then the target shape is expressed as parameter by radial function. Considering that using circle as a prior shape information requires a long filter consumption time, the RHM-CC-IOU-UKF algorithm proposed in this paper uses the center contour method to correct the prior shape information of the object, and then uses the Intersection over Union (IOU) method to improve the object tracking accuracy in the mutation case. The object estimation shape is updated when combined with a simple filtering algorithm. Eventually, the effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated by simulation experiments in two scenarios.