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Complexity in water distribution systems (WDSs) poses a challenge for analysis and management of the systems. To reduce the complexity, the recent development of complex network science provides a system decomposition technique that converts a complex WDS with a large number of components into a simple system with a set of interconnected modules. Each module is a subsystem with stronger internal connections than external connections. Thus far, the topological features of the modular structure in WDS have been extensively studied but not the behavioural features, e.g. the hydraulic interdependencies among modules. Therefore, this paper aims to quantitatively measure and graphically visualize the module interdependency in WDSs, which helps understanding the behavioural complexity of WDSs and thus various WDS analyses, such as pipe maintenance, model calibration, rehabilitation, and District Metered Areas planning. Specifically, this study first identifies the WDS's modular structure then measures how changes in the state of one module (i.e. any single pipe failure or perturbed demand within each module) affect the state of another module. Modular interdependencies are summarized in an interdependency matrix and visualized by the digraph. Four real-world systems are analysed, and three of them shows low interdependencies among most of the modules and there are only a few critical modules whose status changes will substantially affect a number of other modules. Hence, highly interconnected topologies may not result in strong and complex module interdependency, which is a fact that simplifies several WDS analysis for practical applications as discussed in this paper.
Kegong Diao; Donghwi Jung; Raziyeh Farmani; Guangtao Fu; David Butler; Kevin Lansey. Modular interdependency analysis for water distribution systems. Water Research 2021, 201, 117320 .
AMA StyleKegong Diao, Donghwi Jung, Raziyeh Farmani, Guangtao Fu, David Butler, Kevin Lansey. Modular interdependency analysis for water distribution systems. Water Research. 2021; 201 ():117320.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKegong Diao; Donghwi Jung; Raziyeh Farmani; Guangtao Fu; David Butler; Kevin Lansey. 2021. "Modular interdependency analysis for water distribution systems." Water Research 201, no. : 117320.
The unprecedented scale and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have required organizations to adapt all facets of their operations. The impact on the UK water sector extends beyond engineering and treatment processes, with social, economic and environmental consequences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with executives from 10 UK water companies to investigate the organizational response to the pandemic, and how their response impacted operational delivery. The Safe and SuRe framework was used to structure interview questions and analysis. Emergent themes of changes to customer behaviour, changes to operational practices and industry collaboration were mapped onto the framework and a ripple effect map developed. Lessons learnt highlight a failure to adequately prepare for the scale of the threat, the success of sector-level collaboration and a need to embrace new ways of working.
Elizabeth Lawson; Sarah Bunney; Sarah Cotterill; Raziyeh Farmani; Peter Melville‐Shreeve; David Butler. COVID‐19 and the UK water sector: Exploring organizational responses through a resilience framework. Water and Environment Journal 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleElizabeth Lawson, Sarah Bunney, Sarah Cotterill, Raziyeh Farmani, Peter Melville‐Shreeve, David Butler. COVID‐19 and the UK water sector: Exploring organizational responses through a resilience framework. Water and Environment Journal. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElizabeth Lawson; Sarah Bunney; Sarah Cotterill; Raziyeh Farmani; Peter Melville‐Shreeve; David Butler. 2021. "COVID‐19 and the UK water sector: Exploring organizational responses through a resilience framework." Water and Environment Journal , no. : 1.
The Water Informatics in Science and Engineering Centre for Doctoral Training (WISE CDT) offers a postgraduate programme that fosters enhanced levels of innovation and collaboration by training a cohort of engineers and scientists at the boundary of water informatics, science and engineering. The WISE CDT was established in 2014 with funding from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) amongst the universities of Bath, Bristol, Cardiff and Exeter. The WISE CDT will ultimately graduate over 80 PhD candidates trained in a non-traditional 4-year UK doctoral programme that integrates teaching and research elements in close collaboration with a range of industrial partners. WISE focuses on cohort-based education and equips the PhD candidates with a wide range of skills developed through workshops and other activities to maximise candidate abilities and experiences. We discuss the need for, the structure and results of the WISE CDT, which has been ongoing from 2013–2022 (final year of graduation). We conclude with lessons learned and an outlook for PhD training, based on our experience with this programme.
Thorsten Wagener; Dragan Savic; David Butler; Reza Ahmadian; Tom Arnot; Jonathan Dawes; Slobodan Djordjevic; Roger Falconer; Raziyeh Farmani; Debbie Ford; Jan Hofman; Zoran Kapelan; Shunqi Pan; Ross Woods. Hydroinformatics education – the Water Informatics in Science and Engineering (WISE) Centre for Doctoral Training. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2021, 25, 2721 -2738.
AMA StyleThorsten Wagener, Dragan Savic, David Butler, Reza Ahmadian, Tom Arnot, Jonathan Dawes, Slobodan Djordjevic, Roger Falconer, Raziyeh Farmani, Debbie Ford, Jan Hofman, Zoran Kapelan, Shunqi Pan, Ross Woods. Hydroinformatics education – the Water Informatics in Science and Engineering (WISE) Centre for Doctoral Training. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2021; 25 (5):2721-2738.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThorsten Wagener; Dragan Savic; David Butler; Reza Ahmadian; Tom Arnot; Jonathan Dawes; Slobodan Djordjevic; Roger Falconer; Raziyeh Farmani; Debbie Ford; Jan Hofman; Zoran Kapelan; Shunqi Pan; Ross Woods. 2021. "Hydroinformatics education – the Water Informatics in Science and Engineering (WISE) Centre for Doctoral Training." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 5: 2721-2738.
This paper proposes a methodology to increase the level of water distribution equity in intermittent water distribution networks (WDNs) with users equipped with private tanks. The methodology makes it possible to identify optimal valve locations and settings to improve the distribution of water among users by rearranging the flow circulation in the network. Two optimization schemes based on the use of NSGA II were developed. The first scheme aims at maximizing the global distribution equity of a WDN through installation of valves fully closed. The second scheme looks also at the levels of supply of the individual nodes of a WDN and includes optimization of both locations and settings of control valves. The two optimization schemes are applied to the case study of a WDN in northern Italy considering a scenario of water shortage. The EPA’s Storm Water Management Model software was used for the pressure-driven simulation of an intermittent WDN. Results of the application of the two optimization schemes highlight the potential for an increase in the global equity of the WDN by installation of a few valves. However, some nodes of the WDN were penalized by the new flow circulation as obtained by solutions provided by the first scheme. In fact, these nodes unacceptably worsen their condition compared to the no-valve scenario. Conversely, solutions obtained with the second scheme allowed demand satisfaction levels to not worsen compared to the no-valve scenario for all nodes.
Aurora Gullotta; David Butler; Alberto Campisano; Enrico Creaco; Raziyeh Farmani; Carlo Modica. Optimal Location of Valves to Improve Equity in Intermittent Water Distribution Systems. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 2021, 147, 04021016 .
AMA StyleAurora Gullotta, David Butler, Alberto Campisano, Enrico Creaco, Raziyeh Farmani, Carlo Modica. Optimal Location of Valves to Improve Equity in Intermittent Water Distribution Systems. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 2021; 147 (5):04021016.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAurora Gullotta; David Butler; Alberto Campisano; Enrico Creaco; Raziyeh Farmani; Carlo Modica. 2021. "Optimal Location of Valves to Improve Equity in Intermittent Water Distribution Systems." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 147, no. 5: 04021016.
There is limited information about the current state of intermittent water supply (IWS) systems at the global level. A survey was carried out by the Intermittent Water Supply Specialist Group of the International Water Association (IWA IWS SG) to better understand the current state of these systems and challenges that water companies may have faced under COVID-19 pandemic and to capture successful management strategies applied by water utilities. The survey consisted of three parts: (1) general information about IWS systems, (2) current state of IWS and (3) resilience of IWS under COVID-19 conditions, as well as some questions about potential interventions in order to improve system performance in general and under future uncertain conditions. The survey responses were evaluated based on the Safe & SuRe resilience framework, assessing measures of mitigation, adaptation, coping and learning, and exploring organisational and operational responses of IWS utilities. Infrastructure capacity and water resources availability were identified as the main causes of intermittency in most water distribution systems, while intermittent electricity was considered as the main external cause. Participants indicated that some risk assessment process was in place; however, COVID-19 has surpassed any provisions made to address the risks. Lessons learnt highlighted the importance of financial resources, e-infrastructure for efficient system operation and communication with consumers, and the critical role of international knowledge transfer and the sharing of best practice guidelines for improving resilience and transitioning towards continuous water supply.
R. Farmani; Joe Dalton; Bambos Charalambous; Elizabeth Lawson; Sarah Bunney; Sarah Cotterill. Intermittent water supply systems and their resilience to COVID-19: IWA IWS SG survey. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 2021, 70, 507 -520.
AMA StyleR. Farmani, Joe Dalton, Bambos Charalambous, Elizabeth Lawson, Sarah Bunney, Sarah Cotterill. Intermittent water supply systems and their resilience to COVID-19: IWA IWS SG survey. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua. 2021; 70 (4):507-520.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Farmani; Joe Dalton; Bambos Charalambous; Elizabeth Lawson; Sarah Bunney; Sarah Cotterill. 2021. "Intermittent water supply systems and their resilience to COVID-19: IWA IWS SG survey." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 70, no. 4: 507-520.
Water shortage, human population increase, and lack of food resources have directed societies towards sustainable energy and water resources, especially for agriculture. While open agriculture requires a massive amount of water and energy, the requirements of horticultural systems can be controlled to provide standard conditions for the plants to grow, with significant decrease in water consumption. A greenhouse is a transparent indoor environment used for horticulture, as it allows for reasonable control of the microclimate conditions (e.g., temperature, air velocity, rate of ventilation, and humidity). While such systems create a controlled environment for the plants, the greenhouses need ventilation to provide fresh air. In order to have a sustainable venting mechanism, a novel solution has been proposed in this study providing a naturally ventilating system required for the plants, while at the same time reducing the energy requirements for cooling or other forced ventilation techniques. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to analyse the ventilation requirements for different vent opening scenarios, showing the importance of inlet locations for the proposed sustainable greenhouse system.
Mohammad Akrami; Can Mutlum; Akbar Javadi; Alaa Salah; Hassan Fath; Mahdieh Dibaj; Raziyeh Farmani; Ramy Mohammed; Abdelazim Negm. Analysis of Inlet Configurations on the Microclimate Conditions of a Novel Standalone Agricultural Greenhouse for Egypt Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1446 .
AMA StyleMohammad Akrami, Can Mutlum, Akbar Javadi, Alaa Salah, Hassan Fath, Mahdieh Dibaj, Raziyeh Farmani, Ramy Mohammed, Abdelazim Negm. Analysis of Inlet Configurations on the Microclimate Conditions of a Novel Standalone Agricultural Greenhouse for Egypt Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1446.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Akrami; Can Mutlum; Akbar Javadi; Alaa Salah; Hassan Fath; Mahdieh Dibaj; Raziyeh Farmani; Ramy Mohammed; Abdelazim Negm. 2021. "Analysis of Inlet Configurations on the Microclimate Conditions of a Novel Standalone Agricultural Greenhouse for Egypt Using Computational Fluid Dynamics." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1446.
Solar-powered desalination is a sustainable solution for countries experiencing water scarcity. Several studies have presented different solutions to provide cleaner production in desalination systems. Parabolic trough collector (PTC) is one of these solutions that has proven to be superior among solar concentrators. Furthermore, a number of studies have investigated the use of PTC for distillation of saline water in response to water scarcity. In this study, a modified PTC model was developed, in which the heat exchanger was replaced by a condensation tube to reduce the energy consumption, and a black layer was introduced to the surface of the receiver to enhance its absorptance. As a reference case, the system productivity according to average solar intensities in Zagazig, located at 30°34′N 31°30′E in the North East of Egypt, is estimated. The results indicated that the maximum production rate that can be attained is 1.72 kg/hr. Then, the structure of the system is evaluated with the aid of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling, in order to enhance its productivity. Many materials are examined and the results recognised copper as the most suitable material amongst marine grade metals (i.e., aluminium, galvanised steel and stainless steel) to construct the receiver tube. This is due to its superior thermal performance, satisfactory corrosion resistance, and acceptable cost. Afterwards, the selected receiver tube was employed to identify the optimal Concentration Ratio (CR). Consequently, a CR of 90.56 was determined to be the optimum value for Zagazig and regions with similar solar radiation. As a result, the system’s productivity was enhanced drastically, as it was estimated that a maximum production rate of 6.93 kg/hr can be achieved.
Mohammad Akrami; Husain Alsari; Akbar A. Javadi; Mahdieh Dibaj; Raziyeh Farmani; Hassan E.S. Fath; Alaa H. Salah; Abdelazim Negm. Analysing the Material Suitability and Concentration Ratio of a Solar-Powered Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Energies 2020, 13, 5479 .
AMA StyleMohammad Akrami, Husain Alsari, Akbar A. Javadi, Mahdieh Dibaj, Raziyeh Farmani, Hassan E.S. Fath, Alaa H. Salah, Abdelazim Negm. Analysing the Material Suitability and Concentration Ratio of a Solar-Powered Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Energies. 2020; 13 (20):5479.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Akrami; Husain Alsari; Akbar A. Javadi; Mahdieh Dibaj; Raziyeh Farmani; Hassan E.S. Fath; Alaa H. Salah; Abdelazim Negm. 2020. "Analysing the Material Suitability and Concentration Ratio of a Solar-Powered Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) Using Computational Fluid Dynamics." Energies 13, no. 20: 5479.
The COVID‐19 pandemic led to drastically altered working practices. During the UK lockdown, a questionnaire was distributed to water professionals to understand their experiences and perceptions of organisational response. Findings were evaluated on the measures of mitigation, adaptation, coping and learning. Employees’ perceived there were adequate procedures to mitigate a threat, partly due to preparations for Brexit. Participants quickly adapted, with eighty‐four percent working from home. Coping was experienced at an individual and sector level. IT issues and care responsibilities made it harder for individuals to cope, but good communication and signposting of support helped. Eighty percent felt able to continue their usual role, implying coping mechanisms were effective. At the sector level, coping involved the ability to meet an increased water demand with a remote workforce. Lessons learned highlight the importance of communication and collaboration. Future crisis plans should prepare for prolonged crises of international magnitude and multiple threats.
Sarah Cotterill; Sarah Bunney; Elizabeth Lawson; Alastair Chisholm; Raziyeh Farmani; Peter Melville‐Shreeve. COVID‐19 and the water sector: understanding impact, preparedness and resilience in the UK through a sector‐wide survey. Water and Environment Journal 2020, 34, 715 -728.
AMA StyleSarah Cotterill, Sarah Bunney, Elizabeth Lawson, Alastair Chisholm, Raziyeh Farmani, Peter Melville‐Shreeve. COVID‐19 and the water sector: understanding impact, preparedness and resilience in the UK through a sector‐wide survey. Water and Environment Journal. 2020; 34 (4):715-728.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah Cotterill; Sarah Bunney; Elizabeth Lawson; Alastair Chisholm; Raziyeh Farmani; Peter Melville‐Shreeve. 2020. "COVID‐19 and the water sector: understanding impact, preparedness and resilience in the UK through a sector‐wide survey." Water and Environment Journal 34, no. 4: 715-728.
The Water Informatics in Science and Engineering Centre for Doctoral Training (WISE CDT) offers a postgraduate programme that fosters enhanced levels of innovation and collaboration by training a cohort of engineers and scientists at the boundary of water informatics, science and engineering. The WISE CDT was established in 2014 with funding from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) amongst the Universities of Bath, Bristol, Cardiff and Exeter. The WISE CDT will ultimately graduate over 70 PhD candidates trained in a non-traditional UK doctoral programme that integrates teaching and research elements, focuses on cohort-based education and equips the students with a wide range of skills developed through workshops and other activities to maximise their abilities and experience. We discuss the need for, the structure and results of the WISE CDT, which has been ongoing for 6 years. We conclude with an outlook for PhD training, based on our experience with this programme.
Thorsten Wagener; Dragan Savic; David Butler; Reza Ahmadian; Tom Arnot; Jonathan Dawes; Slobodan Djordjevic; Roger Falconer; Raziyeh Farmani; Debbie Ford; Jan Hofman; Zoran Kapelan; Shunqi Pan; Ross Woods. Hydroinformatics education – The Water Informatics in Science and Engineering (WISE) Centre for Doctoral Training. 2020, 2020, 1 -25.
AMA StyleThorsten Wagener, Dragan Savic, David Butler, Reza Ahmadian, Tom Arnot, Jonathan Dawes, Slobodan Djordjevic, Roger Falconer, Raziyeh Farmani, Debbie Ford, Jan Hofman, Zoran Kapelan, Shunqi Pan, Ross Woods. Hydroinformatics education – The Water Informatics in Science and Engineering (WISE) Centre for Doctoral Training. . 2020; 2020 ():1-25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThorsten Wagener; Dragan Savic; David Butler; Reza Ahmadian; Tom Arnot; Jonathan Dawes; Slobodan Djordjevic; Roger Falconer; Raziyeh Farmani; Debbie Ford; Jan Hofman; Zoran Kapelan; Shunqi Pan; Ross Woods. 2020. "Hydroinformatics education – The Water Informatics in Science and Engineering (WISE) Centre for Doctoral Training." 2020, no. : 1-25.
There is not enough data and computational power for conventional flood mapping methods in many parts of the world, thus fast and low-data-demanding methods are very useful in facing the disaster. This paper presents an innovative procedure for estimating flood extent and depth using only DEM SRTM 30 m and the Geomorphic Flood Index (GFI). The Geomorphologic Flood Assessment (GFA) tool which is the corresponding application of the GFI in QGIS is implemented to achieved the results in three basins in Iran. Moreover, the novel concept of Intensity-Duration-Frequency-Area (IDFA) curves is introduced to modify the GFI model by imposing a constraint on the maximum hydrologically contributing area of a basin. The GFA model implements the linear binary classification algorithm to classify a watershed into flooded and non-flooded areas using an optimized GFI threshold that minimizes the errors with a standard flood map of a small region in the study area. The standard hydraulic model envisaged for this study is the Cellular Automata Dual-DraInagE Simulation (CADDIES) 2D model which employs simple transition rules and a weight-based system rather than complex shallow water equations allowing fast flood modelling for large-scale problems. The results revealed that the floodplains generated by the GFI has a good agreement with the standard maps, especially in the fluvial rivers. However, the performance of the GFI decreases in the less steep and alluvial rivers. With some overestimation, the GFI model is also able to capture the general trend of water depth variations in comparison with the CADDIES-2D flood depth map. The modifications made in the GFI model, to confine the maximum precipitable area through implementing the IDFAs, improved the classification of flooded area and estimation of water depth in all study areas. Finally, the calibrated GFI thresholds were used to achieve the complete 100-year floodplain maps of the study areas.
Farid Faridani; Sirus Bakhtiari; Alireza Faridhosseini; Micheal Gibson; Raziyeh Farmani; Rosa Lasaponara. Estimating Flood Characteristics Using Geomorphologic Flood Index with Regards to Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency-Area Curves and CADDIES-2D Model in Three Iranian Basins. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7371 .
AMA StyleFarid Faridani, Sirus Bakhtiari, Alireza Faridhosseini, Micheal Gibson, Raziyeh Farmani, Rosa Lasaponara. Estimating Flood Characteristics Using Geomorphologic Flood Index with Regards to Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency-Area Curves and CADDIES-2D Model in Three Iranian Basins. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7371.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarid Faridani; Sirus Bakhtiari; Alireza Faridhosseini; Micheal Gibson; Raziyeh Farmani; Rosa Lasaponara. 2020. "Estimating Flood Characteristics Using Geomorphologic Flood Index with Regards to Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency-Area Curves and CADDIES-2D Model in Three Iranian Basins." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7371.
In this study, an analysis is carried out to determine the optimal application of multiple renewable energy resources, namely wind and solar, to provide electricity requirements for green smart cities and environments. This was done to determine the potential of renewable energy to provide clean, economically viable energy for the case study of Zagazig, located at 30°34′ N 31°30′ E in the North East of Egypt. The relevant data surrounding the production of energy were collected, including the meteorological data from NASA, and specifications regarding renewable resources including solar panels, wind turbines, and storage batteries. Then a hybrid model was constructed consisting of Photovoltaics (PV) panels, wind turbines, a converter, and storage batteries. Once the model was constructed, meteorological data were added alongside average daily demand and cost of electricity per kWh. The optimal solution for Zagazig consisted of 181,000 kW of solar panels feeding directly into the grid. This system had the lowest Net Present Cost (NPC) of the simulations run of US$1,361,029,000 and a net reduction of 156,355 tonnes of CO2 per year.
Mohammad Akrami; Samuel J. Gilbert; Mahdieh Dibaj; Akbar A. Javadi; Raziyeh Farmani; Alaa H. Salah; Hassan E. S. Fath; Abdelazim Negm. Decarbonisation Using Hybrid Energy Solution: Case Study of Zagazig, Egypt. Energies 2020, 13, 4680 .
AMA StyleMohammad Akrami, Samuel J. Gilbert, Mahdieh Dibaj, Akbar A. Javadi, Raziyeh Farmani, Alaa H. Salah, Hassan E. S. Fath, Abdelazim Negm. Decarbonisation Using Hybrid Energy Solution: Case Study of Zagazig, Egypt. Energies. 2020; 13 (18):4680.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Akrami; Samuel J. Gilbert; Mahdieh Dibaj; Akbar A. Javadi; Raziyeh Farmani; Alaa H. Salah; Hassan E. S. Fath; Abdelazim Negm. 2020. "Decarbonisation Using Hybrid Energy Solution: Case Study of Zagazig, Egypt." Energies 13, no. 18: 4680.
Diego Paez; Yves Filion; Mario Castro-Gama; Claudia Quintiliani; Simone Santopietro; Chris Sweetapple; Fanlin Meng; Raziyeh Farmani; Guangtao Fu; David Butler; Qingzhou Zhang; Feifei Zheng; Kegong Diao; Bogumil Ulanicki; Yuan Huang; Jochen Deuerlein; Denis Gilbert; Edo Abraham; Olivier Piller; Alicja Bałut; Rafał Brodziak; Jędrzej Bylka; Przemysław Zakrzewski; Yuanzhe Li; Jinliang Gao; Cai Jian; Chenhao Ou; Shiyuan Hu; Sophocles Sophocleous; Eirini Nikoloudi; Herman Mahmoud; Kevin Woodward; Michele Romano; Giovanni Francesco Santonastaso; Enrico Creaco; Armando Di Nardo; Michele Di Natale; Attila Bibok; Camilo Salcedo; Andrés Aguilar; Paula Cuero; Sebastián González; Sergio Muñoz; Jorge Pérez; Alejandra Posada; Juliana Robles; Kevin Vargas; Marco Franchini; Stefano Galelli; Joong Hoon Kim; Pedro Iglesias-Rey; Zoran Kapelan; Juan Saldarriaga; Dragan Savic; Thomas Walski. Battle of Postdisaster Response and Restoration. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 2020, 146, 04020067 .
AMA StyleDiego Paez, Yves Filion, Mario Castro-Gama, Claudia Quintiliani, Simone Santopietro, Chris Sweetapple, Fanlin Meng, Raziyeh Farmani, Guangtao Fu, David Butler, Qingzhou Zhang, Feifei Zheng, Kegong Diao, Bogumil Ulanicki, Yuan Huang, Jochen Deuerlein, Denis Gilbert, Edo Abraham, Olivier Piller, Alicja Bałut, Rafał Brodziak, Jędrzej Bylka, Przemysław Zakrzewski, Yuanzhe Li, Jinliang Gao, Cai Jian, Chenhao Ou, Shiyuan Hu, Sophocles Sophocleous, Eirini Nikoloudi, Herman Mahmoud, Kevin Woodward, Michele Romano, Giovanni Francesco Santonastaso, Enrico Creaco, Armando Di Nardo, Michele Di Natale, Attila Bibok, Camilo Salcedo, Andrés Aguilar, Paula Cuero, Sebastián González, Sergio Muñoz, Jorge Pérez, Alejandra Posada, Juliana Robles, Kevin Vargas, Marco Franchini, Stefano Galelli, Joong Hoon Kim, Pedro Iglesias-Rey, Zoran Kapelan, Juan Saldarriaga, Dragan Savic, Thomas Walski. Battle of Postdisaster Response and Restoration. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 2020; 146 (8):04020067.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiego Paez; Yves Filion; Mario Castro-Gama; Claudia Quintiliani; Simone Santopietro; Chris Sweetapple; Fanlin Meng; Raziyeh Farmani; Guangtao Fu; David Butler; Qingzhou Zhang; Feifei Zheng; Kegong Diao; Bogumil Ulanicki; Yuan Huang; Jochen Deuerlein; Denis Gilbert; Edo Abraham; Olivier Piller; Alicja Bałut; Rafał Brodziak; Jędrzej Bylka; Przemysław Zakrzewski; Yuanzhe Li; Jinliang Gao; Cai Jian; Chenhao Ou; Shiyuan Hu; Sophocles Sophocleous; Eirini Nikoloudi; Herman Mahmoud; Kevin Woodward; Michele Romano; Giovanni Francesco Santonastaso; Enrico Creaco; Armando Di Nardo; Michele Di Natale; Attila Bibok; Camilo Salcedo; Andrés Aguilar; Paula Cuero; Sebastián González; Sergio Muñoz; Jorge Pérez; Alejandra Posada; Juliana Robles; Kevin Vargas; Marco Franchini; Stefano Galelli; Joong Hoon Kim; Pedro Iglesias-Rey; Zoran Kapelan; Juan Saldarriaga; Dragan Savic; Thomas Walski. 2020. "Battle of Postdisaster Response and Restoration." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 146, no. 8: 04020067.
A three-dimensional variable-density finite element model was developed to study the combined effects of overabstraction and seawater intrusion in the Pingtung Plain coastal aquifer system in Taiwan. The model was generated in different layers to represent the three aquifers and two aquitards. Twenty-five multilayer pumping wells were assigned to abstract the groundwater, in addition to 95 observation wells to monitor the groundwater level. The analysis was carried out for a period of 8 years (2008–2015 inclusive). Hydraulic head, soil permeability, and precipitation were assigned as input data together with the pumping records in different layers of the aquifer. The developed numerical model was calibrated against the observed head archives and the calibrated model was used to predict the inland encroachment of seawater in different layers of the aquifer. The effects of pumping rate, sea-level rise, and relocation of wells on seawater intrusion were examined. The results show that all layers of the aquifer system are affected by seawater intrusion; however, the lengths of inland encroachment in the top and bottom aquifers are greater compared with the middle layer. This is the first large-scale finite-element model of the Pingtung Plain, which can be used by decision-makers for sustainable management of groundwater resources and cognizance of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers.
Mahdieh Dibaj; Akbar A. Javadi; Mohammad Akrami; Kai-Yuan Ke; Raziyeh Farmani; Yih-Chi Tan; Albert S. Chen. Modelling seawater intrusion in the Pingtung coastal aquifer in Taiwan, under the influence of sea-level rise and changing abstraction regime. Hydrogeology Journal 2020, 28, 2085 -2103.
AMA StyleMahdieh Dibaj, Akbar A. Javadi, Mohammad Akrami, Kai-Yuan Ke, Raziyeh Farmani, Yih-Chi Tan, Albert S. Chen. Modelling seawater intrusion in the Pingtung coastal aquifer in Taiwan, under the influence of sea-level rise and changing abstraction regime. Hydrogeology Journal. 2020; 28 (6):2085-2103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahdieh Dibaj; Akbar A. Javadi; Mohammad Akrami; Kai-Yuan Ke; Raziyeh Farmani; Yih-Chi Tan; Albert S. Chen. 2020. "Modelling seawater intrusion in the Pingtung coastal aquifer in Taiwan, under the influence of sea-level rise and changing abstraction regime." Hydrogeology Journal 28, no. 6: 2085-2103.
The need for sustainable desalination arises from fast-occurring global warming and intensifying droughts due to increasing temperatures, particularly in the Middle East and North African (MENA) regions. Lack of water resources has meant that the countries in these regions have had to desalinate seawater through different sustainable technologies for food supplies and agricultural products. Greenhouses (GH) are used to protect crops from harsh climates, creating a controlled environment requiring less water. In order to have a sustainable resilient GH, a zero-liquid-discharge system (ZLD) was developed by using solar still (SS) desalination techniques, humidification-dehumidification (HDH), and rainwater harvesting. An experiment was designed and carried out by designing and manufacturing a wick type solar still, together with an HDH system, implemented into a GH. Using a pyrometer, the solar intensity was recorded, while the microclimate conditions (temperature and relative humidity) of the GH were also monitored. The GH model was tested in the UK and was shown to be a successful standalone model, providing its water requirements. In the UK, for one solar still with a surface area of 0.72 m2, maximum amount of 58 mL of distilled water was achieved per day. In Egypt, a maximum amount of 1090 mL water was collected per day, from each solar still. This difference is mainly due to the differences in the solar radiation intensity and duration in addition to the temperature variance. While dehumidification generated 7 L of distilled water, rainwater harvesting was added as another solution to the greenhouse in the UK, harvested a maximum of 7 L per day from one side (half the area of the greenhouse roof). This helped to compensate for the less distilled water from the solar stills. The results for the developed greenhouses showed how GHs in countries with different weather conditions could be standalone systems for their agricultural water requirement.
Mohammad Akrami; Alaa H. Salah; Mahdieh Dibaj; Maxime Porcheron; Akbar A. Javadi; Raziyeh Farmani; Hassan E. S. Fath; Abdelazim Negm. A Zero-Liquid Discharge Model for a Transient Solar-Powered Desalination System for Greenhouse. Water 2020, 12, 1440 .
AMA StyleMohammad Akrami, Alaa H. Salah, Mahdieh Dibaj, Maxime Porcheron, Akbar A. Javadi, Raziyeh Farmani, Hassan E. S. Fath, Abdelazim Negm. A Zero-Liquid Discharge Model for a Transient Solar-Powered Desalination System for Greenhouse. Water. 2020; 12 (5):1440.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Akrami; Alaa H. Salah; Mahdieh Dibaj; Maxime Porcheron; Akbar A. Javadi; Raziyeh Farmani; Hassan E. S. Fath; Abdelazim Negm. 2020. "A Zero-Liquid Discharge Model for a Transient Solar-Powered Desalination System for Greenhouse." Water 12, no. 5: 1440.
Cultivation in open fields mainly depends on the location and time of farming, which itself highly depends on the quality and quantity of water for irrigation, weather conditions and soil characteristics. Water resources are highly dependent on the limited freshwater resources from the groundwater system, or rainwater. Countries in MENA (the Middle East and North Africa) rely mostly on desalination technologies for agriculture, due to water scarcity. Therefore, greenhouse (GH) agriculture can be developed to succeed in dealing with the water scarcity and provide sufficient sources of agricultural products as a sustainable solution. These indoor agriculture facilities, which are enclosed by transparent covers, can produce different sources of fruits and vegetables, using a controlled amount of water. By reducing the exchange rate of air with the outside environment, which is known as the confinement effects, greenhouses generate a suitable environment for the plants to grow under transparent covers to trap the sunlight. This raises the inside temperature above the maximum threshold levels, especially within the warm season, due to the high solar radiation intensity, having an adverse influence on the microclimate conditions and consequently the crop growth. In order to sustain maximum agricultural yield, greenhouse ventilation is an important parameter in which its trends and emerging practices were reviewed in this study.
Mohammad Akrami; Alaa H. Salah; Akbar A. Javadi; Hassan E.S. Fath; Matthew J. Hassanein; Raziyeh Farmani; Mahdieh Dibaj; Abdelazim Negm. Towards a Sustainable Greenhouse: Review of Trends and Emerging Practices in Analysing Greenhouse Ventilation Requirements to Sustain Maximum Agricultural Yield. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2794 .
AMA StyleMohammad Akrami, Alaa H. Salah, Akbar A. Javadi, Hassan E.S. Fath, Matthew J. Hassanein, Raziyeh Farmani, Mahdieh Dibaj, Abdelazim Negm. Towards a Sustainable Greenhouse: Review of Trends and Emerging Practices in Analysing Greenhouse Ventilation Requirements to Sustain Maximum Agricultural Yield. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2794.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Akrami; Alaa H. Salah; Akbar A. Javadi; Hassan E.S. Fath; Matthew J. Hassanein; Raziyeh Farmani; Mahdieh Dibaj; Abdelazim Negm. 2020. "Towards a Sustainable Greenhouse: Review of Trends and Emerging Practices in Analysing Greenhouse Ventilation Requirements to Sustain Maximum Agricultural Yield." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2794.
Global threats such as climate change, increasing urbanisation, and rapid population growth will continue to pose major challenges for the water sector over the coming decades. Questions over supply, delivery and demand, all form a central part of this argument with the themes of sustainability and resilience often included in the response. Recent events, along with reactive changes to national legislation and policy, have resulted in a need for the notion of resilience to develop from a theoretical concept to a tangible operational method. This commentary discusses barriers to the operationalisation of resilience in the water sector of England and Wales. The current privatised governance structure of the water sector is first discussed before the three main barriers to operationalisation—lack of agreed definition, metrics and the measuring of resilience—and the need to further acknowledge the ‘socio’ in socio-technical systems, are further explored. A deeper understanding of the notion of resilience in the context of the water sector, and how it can be successfully and effectively applied and implemented at an operational level, are crucial if the sector is to manage and respond to the aforementioned global challenges.
Elizabeth Lawson; Raziyeh Farmani; Ewan Woodley; David Butler. A Resilient and Sustainable Water Sector: Barriers to the Operationalisation of Resilience. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1797 .
AMA StyleElizabeth Lawson, Raziyeh Farmani, Ewan Woodley, David Butler. A Resilient and Sustainable Water Sector: Barriers to the Operationalisation of Resilience. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):1797.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElizabeth Lawson; Raziyeh Farmani; Ewan Woodley; David Butler. 2020. "A Resilient and Sustainable Water Sector: Barriers to the Operationalisation of Resilience." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 1797.
Water distribution management system is a costly practice and with the growth of population, the needs for creating more cost-effective solutions are vital. This paper presents a tool for optimization of pump operation in water systems. The pump scheduling tool (PST) is a fully dynamic tool that can handle four different types of fixed speed pump schedule representations (on and off, time control, time-length control, and simple control [water levels in tanks]). The PST has been developed using Visual Basic programming language and has a linkage between the EPANET hydraulic solver with the GANetXL optimization algorithm. It has a user-friendly interface which allows the simulation of water systems based on (1) a hydraulic model (EPANET) input file, (2) an interactive interface which can be modified by the user, and (3) a pump operation schedule generated by the optimization algorithm. It also has the interface of dynamic results which automatically visualizes generated solutions. The capabilities of the PST have been demonstrated by application to two real case studies, Anytown water distribution system (WDS) and Richmond WDS as a real one in the United Kingdom. The results show that PST is able to generate high-quality practical solutions.
Karwan A. Muhammed; Raziyeh Farmani. Energy Optimization Using a Pump Scheduling Tool in Water Distribution Systems. ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY 2020, 8, 112 -123.
AMA StyleKarwan A. Muhammed, Raziyeh Farmani. Energy Optimization Using a Pump Scheduling Tool in Water Distribution Systems. ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY. 2020; 8 (1):112-123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarwan A. Muhammed; Raziyeh Farmani. 2020. "Energy Optimization Using a Pump Scheduling Tool in Water Distribution Systems." ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY 8, no. 1: 112-123.
The rise in the human population, its density and scarcity of resources require cost-effective solutions for sustainable energy and water resources. Smart and sustainable agriculture is one important factor for future green cities to tackle climate change as a cost-effective solution to save energy and water. However, greenhouses (GH) require consistent ventilation due to their internal temperatures, and this can be an energy-intensive operation. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the potential factors involved. In this study, the effect of vent configuration of a mono-span greenhouse with roof and side vents at low wind speeds was investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The validated simulations were then performed on different models to analyse the effects of the vents’ locations on the ventilation requirements. The side vents were found to contribute most to the ventilation. The position of the side vent was found to affect the convection loop in the greenhouse and the air velocity at the plant level. The humidity was shown to be highest under the windward side vent. The roof vent was found to affect the temperature and air velocity in the roof of the greenhouse but had very little effect on the distributions at the plant level.
Mohammad Akrami; Akbar A. Javadi; Matthew J. Hassanein; Raziyeh Farmani; Mahdieh Dibaj; Gavin R. Tabor; Abdelazim Negm. Study of the Effects of Vent Configuration on Mono-Span Greenhouse Ventilation Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Sustainability 2020, 12, 986 .
AMA StyleMohammad Akrami, Akbar A. Javadi, Matthew J. Hassanein, Raziyeh Farmani, Mahdieh Dibaj, Gavin R. Tabor, Abdelazim Negm. Study of the Effects of Vent Configuration on Mono-Span Greenhouse Ventilation Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):986.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Akrami; Akbar A. Javadi; Matthew J. Hassanein; Raziyeh Farmani; Mahdieh Dibaj; Gavin R. Tabor; Abdelazim Negm. 2020. "Study of the Effects of Vent Configuration on Mono-Span Greenhouse Ventilation Using Computational Fluid Dynamics." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 986.
In this paper, the application of three well-known multi-objective optimization algorithms to water distribution network (WDN) optimum design has been considered. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), Multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) and Multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithms are applied to benchmark mathematical test function problems for evaluating the performance of these algorithms. The Accuracy and computational runtime are the two indicators used for the comparison of these three algorithms. The optimization results of mathematical test functions show that all three algorithms were able to accurately produce Pareto Front, but the computational time of MODE algorithm to achieve the optimal solutions is lower than the two other algorithms. Then, the discussed algorithms have been used to optimize the WDN design problem. Comparison of the generated solutions on the Pareto Front for WDN design shows that the obtained Pareto Front of MODE is more accurate and faster.
H. Monsef; M. Naghashzadegan; A. Jamali; R. Farmani. Comparison of evolutionary multi objective optimization algorithms in optimum design of water distribution network. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 2019, 10, 103 -111.
AMA StyleH. Monsef, M. Naghashzadegan, A. Jamali, R. Farmani. Comparison of evolutionary multi objective optimization algorithms in optimum design of water distribution network. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 2019; 10 (1):103-111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleH. Monsef; M. Naghashzadegan; A. Jamali; R. Farmani. 2019. "Comparison of evolutionary multi objective optimization algorithms in optimum design of water distribution network." Ain Shams Engineering Journal 10, no. 1: 103-111.
Resilience has been increasingly pursued in the management of water distribution systems (WDSs) such that a system can adapt to and rapidly recover from potential failures in face of a deep uncertain and unpredictable future. Topology has been assumed to have a great impact on resilience of WDSs, and is the basis of many studies on assessing and building resilience. However, this fundamental assumption has not been justified and requires investigation. To address this, a novel framework for mapping between resilience performance and network topological attributes is proposed. It is applied to WDSs here but can be adaptable to other network systems. In the framework, resilience is comprehensively assessed using stress-strain tests which measure system performance on six metrics corresponding to system resistance, absorption and restoration capacities. Six key topological attributes of WDSs (connectivity, efficiency, centrality, diversity, robustness and modularity) are studied by mathematical abstraction of WDSs as graphs and measured by eight statistical metrics in graph theory. The interplay between resilience and topological attributes is revealed by the correlations between their corresponding metrics, based on 85 WDSs with different sizes and topological features. Further, network variants from a single WDS are generated to uncover the value of topological attribute metrics in guiding the extension/rehabilitation design of WDSs towards resilience. Results show that only certain aspects of resilience performance, i.e. spatial and temporal scales of failure impacts, are strongly influenced by some (not all) topological attributes, i.e. network connectivity, efficiency, modularity and centrality. Metrics for describing the topological attributes of WDSs need to be carefully selected; for example, clustering coefficient is found to be weakly correlated with resilience performance compared to other metrics of network connectivity (due to the grid-like structures of WDSs). Topological attribute metrics alone are not sufficient to guide the design of resilient WDSs and key details such as the location of water sources also need to be considered.
Fanlin Meng; Guangtao Fu; Raziyeh Farmani; Chris Sweetapple; David Butler. Topological attributes of network resilience: A study in water distribution systems. Water Research 2018, 143, 376 -386.
AMA StyleFanlin Meng, Guangtao Fu, Raziyeh Farmani, Chris Sweetapple, David Butler. Topological attributes of network resilience: A study in water distribution systems. Water Research. 2018; 143 ():376-386.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFanlin Meng; Guangtao Fu; Raziyeh Farmani; Chris Sweetapple; David Butler. 2018. "Topological attributes of network resilience: A study in water distribution systems." Water Research 143, no. : 376-386.