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S. Lorán
Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Facultad de Veterinaria, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 11 March 2021 in Toxins
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Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) that can be excreted in milk of cows after consuming contaminated feed. The aim of this study consisted of a field monitoring to assess the contamination levels of AFB1 in 60 feed samples from two feeding systems for high-yielding dairy cows and of AFM1 in the corresponding raw milk samples. The aflatoxins were analyzed by in-house validated methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. AFB1 was detected in 55% of feed samples (mean 0.61 μg/kg, with 2 samples exceeding the European Union (EU) maximum level set at 5 μg/kg), with greater incidence and concentration in compound feed than in unifeed rations (p < 0.05). AFM1 was detected in 38.3% milk samples (mean 12.6 ng/kg, with 5 samples exceeding the EU maximum level set at 50 ng/kg), with a higher occurrence in milk of cows fed compound feed, as well as in spring milk compared to that produced in winter. The overall transfer ratio of aflatoxins from feed to milk was 3.22%, being higher in cows fed with compound feed and in spring milkings. In a selection of positive matched samples (n = 22), the ratio AFM1/AFB1 exceeded the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) estimated 6% threshold for high-yielding dairy cows.

ACS Style

Noemi Bervis; Susana Lorán; Teresa Juan; Juan Carramiñana; Antonio Herrera; Agustín Ariño; Marta Herrera. Field Monitoring of Aflatoxins in Feed and Milk of High-Yielding Dairy Cows under Two Feeding Systems. Toxins 2021, 13, 201 .

AMA Style

Noemi Bervis, Susana Lorán, Teresa Juan, Juan Carramiñana, Antonio Herrera, Agustín Ariño, Marta Herrera. Field Monitoring of Aflatoxins in Feed and Milk of High-Yielding Dairy Cows under Two Feeding Systems. Toxins. 2021; 13 (3):201.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noemi Bervis; Susana Lorán; Teresa Juan; Juan Carramiñana; Antonio Herrera; Agustín Ariño; Marta Herrera. 2021. "Field Monitoring of Aflatoxins in Feed and Milk of High-Yielding Dairy Cows under Two Feeding Systems." Toxins 13, no. 3: 201.

Journal article
Published: 26 October 2019 in Plants
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Lavandula stoechas subsp. luisieri is a Spanish subspecies from the Lamiaceae family. Its essential oil has been traditionally used for several medical applications though little is known about other extracts. Similar to many other studies aiming to obtain traditional plant extracts to be used in different applications, this work evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Lavandula luisieri extracts and the correlation with their composition. Traditional hydrodistillation and ethanolic maceration were used to obtain the essential oil and the maceration extract, respectively. A green and sustainable methodology was applied to the maceration extract that was under a Supercritical Antisolvent Fractionation process to obtain a fine solid enriched in rosmarinic acid and the terpenes oleanolic and ursolic acids. Antimicrobial activities of all extracts and pure identified compounds (rosmarinic and ursolic acids) were evaluated against five bacterial strains; Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli and were compared with the pure compounds identified, rosmarinic and ursolic acids. All strains were sensitive against L. luisieri essential oil. The solid product obtained from the supercritical process was concentrated in the identified actives compared to the maceration extract, which resulted in higher antimicrobial and DPPH scavenging activities. The supercritical sustainable process provided L. luisieri compounds, with retention of their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, in a powder exemptof organic solvents with potential application in the clinical, food or cosmetic fields.

ACS Style

Carlota Giménez-Rota; Susana Lorán; Ana M. Mainar; María J. Hernáiz; Carmen Rota. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Antisolvent Fractionation for the Sustainable Concentration of Lavandula luisieri (Rozeira) Riv.- Mart Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Compounds and Comparison with Its Conventional Extracts. Plants 2019, 8, 455 .

AMA Style

Carlota Giménez-Rota, Susana Lorán, Ana M. Mainar, María J. Hernáiz, Carmen Rota. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Antisolvent Fractionation for the Sustainable Concentration of Lavandula luisieri (Rozeira) Riv.- Mart Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Compounds and Comparison with Its Conventional Extracts. Plants. 2019; 8 (11):455.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlota Giménez-Rota; Susana Lorán; Ana M. Mainar; María J. Hernáiz; Carmen Rota. 2019. "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Antisolvent Fractionation for the Sustainable Concentration of Lavandula luisieri (Rozeira) Riv.- Mart Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Compounds and Comparison with Its Conventional Extracts." Plants 8, no. 11: 455.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2019 in Toxins
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Aflatoxins are carcinogenic to humans and deoxynivalenol causes digestive disorders, and both mycotoxins occur frequently in cereal-based foods. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence and levels of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in cereal-based baby foods as well as to calculate the estimated daily intakes (EDI) in different stages of infancy. Sixty samples of infant cereals (wheat-, corn-, rice-, oat-, and mixed grain-based) were collected during a 2-year period and analyzed by validated methods. Aflatoxins were detected in 12 samples (20%), six of which exceeded the EU maximum level for aflatoxin B1 set at 0.10 µg/kg. Deoxynivalenol appeared in 20% of baby food samples, with one sample exceeding the EU maximum level established at 200 µg/kg. There were no significant differences between gluten-free products for babies aged 4⁻6 months and multi-cereal products for infants aged 7⁻12 months, nor between whole-grain-based and refined ingredients. However, baby food products of organic origin showed significantly higher levels of deoxynivalenol than conventional ones (p < 0.05). It is proposed for the health protection of infants and young children, a vulnerable group, to establish the lowest maximum level for the sum of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) in baby food.

ACS Style

Marta Herrera; Noemi Bervis; Juan José Carramiñana; Teresa Juan; Antonio Herrera; Agustín Ariño; Susana Lorán. Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxins and Deoxynivalenol in Cereal-Based Baby Foods for Infants. Toxins 2019, 11, 150 .

AMA Style

Marta Herrera, Noemi Bervis, Juan José Carramiñana, Teresa Juan, Antonio Herrera, Agustín Ariño, Susana Lorán. Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxins and Deoxynivalenol in Cereal-Based Baby Foods for Infants. Toxins. 2019; 11 (3):150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Herrera; Noemi Bervis; Juan José Carramiñana; Teresa Juan; Antonio Herrera; Agustín Ariño; Susana Lorán. 2019. "Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxins and Deoxynivalenol in Cereal-Based Baby Foods for Infants." Toxins 11, no. 3: 150.

Journal article
Published: 04 April 2016 in Molecules
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The effect of natural phenolic acids was tested on the growth and production of T-2 and HT-2 toxins by Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides, on Mycotoxin Synthetic medium. Plates treated with 0.5 mM of each phenolic acid (caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic and p-coumaric) and controls without phenolic acid were incubated for 14 days at 25 °C. Fungal biomass of F. langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides was not reduced by the phenolic acids. However, biosynthesis of T-2 toxin by F. langsethiae was significantly reduced by chlorogenic (23.1%) and ferulic (26.5%) acids. Production of T-2 by F. sporotrichioides also decreased with ferulic acid by 23% (p < 0.05). In contrast, p-coumaric acid significantly stimulated the production of T-2 and HT-2 toxins for both strains. A kinetic study of F. langsethiae with 1 mM ferulic acid showed a significant decrease in fungal biomass, whereas T-2 production increased after 10 days of incubation. The study of gene expression in ferulic supplemented cultures of F. langsethiae revealed a significant inhibition for Tri5, Tri6 and Tri12 genes, while for Tri16 the decrease in gene expression was not statistically significant. Overall, results indicated that phenolic acids had a variable effect on fungal growth and mycotoxin production, depending on the strain and the concentration and type of phenolic acid assayed.

ACS Style

Elena Ferruz; Vessela Atanasova‐Pénichon; Marie‐Noëlle Bonnin‐Verdal; Gisèle Marchegay; Laëtitia Pinson‐Gadais; Christine Ducos; Susana Lorán; Agustin Arino; Christian Barreau; Florence Richard‐Forget. Effects of Phenolic Acids on the Growth and Production of T-2 and HT-2 Toxins by Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides. Molecules 2016, 21, 449 .

AMA Style

Elena Ferruz, Vessela Atanasova‐Pénichon, Marie‐Noëlle Bonnin‐Verdal, Gisèle Marchegay, Laëtitia Pinson‐Gadais, Christine Ducos, Susana Lorán, Agustin Arino, Christian Barreau, Florence Richard‐Forget. Effects of Phenolic Acids on the Growth and Production of T-2 and HT-2 Toxins by Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides. Molecules. 2016; 21 (4):449.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Ferruz; Vessela Atanasova‐Pénichon; Marie‐Noëlle Bonnin‐Verdal; Gisèle Marchegay; Laëtitia Pinson‐Gadais; Christine Ducos; Susana Lorán; Agustin Arino; Christian Barreau; Florence Richard‐Forget. 2016. "Effects of Phenolic Acids on the Growth and Production of T-2 and HT-2 Toxins by Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides." Molecules 21, no. 4: 449.

Journal article
Published: 24 September 2011 in Food Research International
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The present study evaluates the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils (EOs) of Mentha pulegium L., Juniperus phoenicea L. and Cyperus longus L. from Morocco. The composition of these species was analyzed by GC/MS and 84 components were identified. M. pulegium EO showed a great similarity with EOs coming from other regions, as pulegone, the major component, accounted for about 70% of the EO. The EO of J. phoenicea had as main components α-pinene (24.9%), β-phellandrene (24.4%) and α-terpinyl acetate (12.9%). The EO extracted from C. longus was remarkably rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (83.2%), which included β-himachalene (46.6%), α-humulene (16.9%), and γ-himachalene (10.1%). The antimicrobial activity of these EOs has been evaluated against seven bacteria of significant importance for food hygiene. According to the results, M. pulegium showed the best bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect, followed by J. phoenicea and C. longus. So far as we know, this is the first report on the quantitative composition and biological activity of the essential oil from C. longus. The tested EOs showed a variable degree of antimicrobial activity being M. pulegium the most effective one.

ACS Style

Abdenour Ait Ouazzou; Susana Lorán; Abdelhay Arakrak; Amin Laglaoui; Carmen Rota; Antonio Herrera; Rafael Pagán; Pilar Conchello. Evaluation of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Mentha pulegium, Juniperus phoenicea, and Cyperus longus essential oils from Morocco. Food Research International 2011, 45, 313 -319.

AMA Style

Abdenour Ait Ouazzou, Susana Lorán, Abdelhay Arakrak, Amin Laglaoui, Carmen Rota, Antonio Herrera, Rafael Pagán, Pilar Conchello. Evaluation of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Mentha pulegium, Juniperus phoenicea, and Cyperus longus essential oils from Morocco. Food Research International. 2011; 45 (1):313-319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdenour Ait Ouazzou; Susana Lorán; Abdelhay Arakrak; Amin Laglaoui; Carmen Rota; Antonio Herrera; Rafael Pagán; Pilar Conchello. 2011. "Evaluation of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Mentha pulegium, Juniperus phoenicea, and Cyperus longus essential oils from Morocco." Food Research International 45, no. 1: 313-319.

Conference paper
Published: 01 July 2011 in Science and Technology Against Microbial Pathogens
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In this study we have evaluated the antifungal activity of thirteen essential oils (EOs), collected in four different geographical areas of Aragón, north eastern Spain, against a selection of three strains of the genus Fusarium (Fusarium verticilloides CECT 2987, Fusarium verticilloides CECT 2982 and Fusarium graminearum CECT 2150). In vitro antifungal activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion method. Three of the EOs assayed (Thymus vulgaris Local, Thymus vulgaris French and Satureja montana) showed an important activity against the three strains studied by producing a zone diameter of inhibition ≥ 19 mm. In addition, Fusarium graminearum was the most sensitive strain against the essential oils studied. However, in those cases in which no inhibition was observed, it could be seen a lower growth density of the moulds inoculated than in the corresponding negative control. Therefore, more precise data about the antifungal activity of these EOs are needed.

ACS Style

S. Lorán; O. Segman; C. Rota; P. Conchello; A. Herrera. In vitro antifungal activity of several essential oils from aromatic plants of Aragón (NE, Spain). Science and Technology Against Microbial Pathogens 2011, 99 -103.

AMA Style

S. Lorán, O. Segman, C. Rota, P. Conchello, A. Herrera. In vitro antifungal activity of several essential oils from aromatic plants of Aragón (NE, Spain). Science and Technology Against Microbial Pathogens. 2011; ():99-103.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Lorán; O. Segman; C. Rota; P. Conchello; A. Herrera. 2011. "In vitro antifungal activity of several essential oils from aromatic plants of Aragón (NE, Spain)." Science and Technology Against Microbial Pathogens , no. : 99-103.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2010 in Food and Chemical Toxicology
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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous highly toxic environmental pollutants which exhibit a potential risk for human health. PCDD/Fs and PCBs contamination has been measured in samples of commercial baby food products: processed cereal and meat-and-fish-based baby food, which were made of individual samples collected from Spanish markets and pharmacies. They all presented a low dioxin content with a mean concentration ranging between 0.014 pg WHO-TEQ g−1 product for fish-based baby food and 0.089 pg WHO PCDD/Fs-TEQ g−1 product for processed cereal containing gluten. The mean concentration of the sum of the seven indicator PCBs was between 0.03 ng g−1 product for fish-based baby food and 0.29 ng g−1 product for gluten-free cereals. The estimated PCDD/Fs and indicator PCBs mean daily intake through the consumption of this kind of food has been calculated taking into account body weight and food consumption data for children aged 6–12 months. In order to assess the health risk derived from the exposure to these pollutants in children during the first year of life, data concerning infant formulae contamination has been also considered.

ACS Style

S. Lorán; S. Bayarri; P. Conchello; A. Herrera. Risk assessment of PCDD/PCDFs and indicator PCBs contamination in Spanish commercial baby food. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2010, 48, 145 -151.

AMA Style

S. Lorán, S. Bayarri, P. Conchello, A. Herrera. Risk assessment of PCDD/PCDFs and indicator PCBs contamination in Spanish commercial baby food. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2010; 48 (1):145-151.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Lorán; S. Bayarri; P. Conchello; A. Herrera. 2010. "Risk assessment of PCDD/PCDFs and indicator PCBs contamination in Spanish commercial baby food." Food and Chemical Toxicology 48, no. 1: 145-151.

Original articles
Published: 09 September 2009 in Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A
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Human exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) occurs predominantly via food intake. In this study, the exposure assessment of these contaminants has been estimated for infant formula-fed children up to 1 year of age. PCDD/F concentrations in the infant formulae was low, ranging between 0.09 and 0.17 pg WHO-TEQ g−1 fat and between 0.30 and 0.46 pg WHO-TEQ g−1 fat when results were calculated with the lower and medium bound values, respectively. Indicator PCB contamination levels were below 1 ng g−1 fat in all cases. Thus, the estimated daily intake of PCDD/Fs and indicator PCBs for infants has been assessed taking into account the above-mentioned contamination levels as well as different scenarios of body weight and food consumption data for babies aged 0–12 months. The results vary in the different scenarios considered but, on the whole, the daily estimated dioxin and indicator PCBs intake of the average infant population due to the consumption of infant formulae does not exceed the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 2 pg WHO-TEQ kg−1 bw day−1 recommended by the Scientific Committee on Food (available at http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out90_en.pdf) nor the threshold value of 10 ng kg−1 bw day−1 proposed by the Dutch National Institute of Health and Environment (RIVM) (Baars et al. 2001 Baars, AJ, Theelen, RMC, Janssen, PJCM, Hesse, JM, Van Apeldoorn, ME, Meijerink, MCM, Verdam, L and Zeilmaker, MJ. 2001. Re-evaluation of human toxicological maximum permissible risk levels. Report no. 711701025, Bilthoven, , The Netherlands: National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). [Google Scholar]. Report no. 711701025, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands).

ACS Style

Susana Lorán; Pilar Conchello; Susana Bayarri; Antonio Herrera. Evaluation of daily intake of PCDD/Fs and indicator PCBs in formula-fed Spanish children. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 2009, 26, 1421 -1431.

AMA Style

Susana Lorán, Pilar Conchello, Susana Bayarri, Antonio Herrera. Evaluation of daily intake of PCDD/Fs and indicator PCBs in formula-fed Spanish children. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A. 2009; 26 (10):1421-1431.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susana Lorán; Pilar Conchello; Susana Bayarri; Antonio Herrera. 2009. "Evaluation of daily intake of PCDD/Fs and indicator PCBs in formula-fed Spanish children." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 26, no. 10: 1421-1431.