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Previous studies have reported the positive effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) supplementation on lowering plasma markers of muscle damage and subjective soreness after resistance exercise. However, a variety of factors can potentially moderate its efficacy. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the effect of BCAAs supplementation on plasma muscle damage markers and soreness after resistance exercise in only trained males, by considering the plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK). Randomized controlled trials were identified through a computerized literature search for the period 2010–2020. The pooled data were analyzed with the random-effects model and heterogeneity using I2. Cochrane Collaboration tools was used for the assessment of risk of bias. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. A positive effect was found for CK at <24, 24, and 48 h after exercise and for muscle soreness at <24 h only. However, the positive effect was not evident for plasma LDH at any follow-up time. Different outcomes for post-exercise responses may suggest that BCAAs supplementation can attenuate muscle damage and ameliorate muscle soreness after resistance exercise in trained males.
Chutimon Khemtong; Chia-Hua Kuo; Chih-Yen Chen; Salvador Jaime; Giancarlo Condello. Does Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) Supplementation Attenuate Muscle Damage Markers and Soreness after Resistance Exercise in Trained Males? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1880 .
AMA StyleChutimon Khemtong, Chia-Hua Kuo, Chih-Yen Chen, Salvador Jaime, Giancarlo Condello. Does Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) Supplementation Attenuate Muscle Damage Markers and Soreness after Resistance Exercise in Trained Males? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (6):1880.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChutimon Khemtong; Chia-Hua Kuo; Chih-Yen Chen; Salvador Jaime; Giancarlo Condello. 2021. "Does Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) Supplementation Attenuate Muscle Damage Markers and Soreness after Resistance Exercise in Trained Males? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Nutrients 13, no. 6: 1880.
During competitive events, the pacing strategy depends upon how an athlete feels at a specific moment and the distance remaining. It may be expressed as the Hazard Score (HS) with momentary HS being shown to provide a measure of the likelihood of changing power output (PO) within an event and summated HS as a marker of how difficult an event is likely to be perceived to be. This study aimed to manipulate time trial (TT) starting strategies to establish whether the summated HS, as opposed to momentary HS, will improve understanding of performance during a simulated cycling competition. Seven subjects (peak PO: 286 ± 49.7 W) performed two practice 10-km cycling TTs followed by three 10-km TTs with imposed PO (±5% of mean PO achieved during second practice TT and a self-paced TT). PO, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), lactate, heart rate (HR), HS, summated HS, session RPE (sRPE) were collected. Finishing time and mean PO for self-paced (time: 17.51 ± 1.41 min; PO: 234 ± 62.6 W), fast-start (time: 17.72 ± 1.87 min; PO: 230 ± 62.0 W), and slow-start (time: 17.77 ± 1.74 min; PO: 230 ± 62.7) TT were not different. There was a significant interaction between each secondary outcome variable (PO, RPE, lactate, HR, HS, and summated HS) for starting strategy and distance. The evolution of HS reflected the imposed starting strategy, with a reduction in PO following a fast-start, an increased PO following a slow-start with similar HS during the last part of all TTs. The summated HS was strongly correlated with the sRPE of the TTs (r = 0.88). The summated HS was higher with a fast start, indicating greater effort, with limited time advantage. Thus, the HS appears to regulate both PO within a TT, but also the overall impression of the difficulty of a TT.
Sylvia Binkley; Carl Foster; Cristina Cortis; Jos de Koning; Christopher Dodge; Scott Doberstein; Andrea Fusco; Salvador Jaime; John Porcari. Summated Hazard Score as a Powerful Predictor of Fatigue in Relation to Pacing Strategy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1984 .
AMA StyleSylvia Binkley, Carl Foster, Cristina Cortis, Jos de Koning, Christopher Dodge, Scott Doberstein, Andrea Fusco, Salvador Jaime, John Porcari. Summated Hazard Score as a Powerful Predictor of Fatigue in Relation to Pacing Strategy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1984.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSylvia Binkley; Carl Foster; Cristina Cortis; Jos de Koning; Christopher Dodge; Scott Doberstein; Andrea Fusco; Salvador Jaime; John Porcari. 2021. "Summated Hazard Score as a Powerful Predictor of Fatigue in Relation to Pacing Strategy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1984.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the intensity of SuperJump® workout as a home-based activity for fulfilling physical activity recommendations during COVID-19 home-confinement. Seventeen (males: n = 10; females: n = 7) college students (age: 25.8 ± 2.7 years; height: 1.7 ± 0.1 m; weight: 66.2 ± 12.1 kg) participated in the study. To assess the intensity of the activity (30-min), heart rate (HR), expressed as percentages of age-predicted maximal HR (%HRmax), and session ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE), collected on a CR10 scale, were used. %HRmax data were categorically separated in five classes of intensity according to the American College of Sport Science’s guidelines. Enjoyment was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). Repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate differences (p < 0.05) in relation to gender and exercise intensity. No gender difference emerged for %HRmax and sRPE. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) %HRmax were found for the moderate intensity (47.1 ± 34.4%) with respect to very light (3.6 ± 6.9%), light (14.5 ± 23.3%) and vigorous (34.6 ± 39.6%) and for the vigorous intensity with respect to very light; no near maximal to maximal values were observed. Subjects perceived SuperJump® as moderate (sRPE = 3.1 ± 1.2) while showing high levels of enjoyability (PACES = 86.6 ± 16.2%). SuperJump® can be classified as moderate-to-vigorous activity, representing an effective alternative and enjoyable home-based activity for preventing the effects of a sedentary lifestyle during home-confinement.
Alice Iannaccone; Andrea Fusco; Salvador Jaime; Sara Baldassano; Jill Cooper; Patrizia Proia; Cristina Cortis. Stay Home, Stay Active with SuperJump®: A Home-Based Activity to Prevent Sedentary Lifestyle during COVID-19 Outbreak. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10135 .
AMA StyleAlice Iannaccone, Andrea Fusco, Salvador Jaime, Sara Baldassano, Jill Cooper, Patrizia Proia, Cristina Cortis. Stay Home, Stay Active with SuperJump®: A Home-Based Activity to Prevent Sedentary Lifestyle during COVID-19 Outbreak. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10135.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlice Iannaccone; Andrea Fusco; Salvador Jaime; Sara Baldassano; Jill Cooper; Patrizia Proia; Cristina Cortis. 2020. "Stay Home, Stay Active with SuperJump®: A Home-Based Activity to Prevent Sedentary Lifestyle during COVID-19 Outbreak." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10135.
Although there is evidence supporting the benefit of regular exercise, and recommendations about exercise and physical activity, the process of individually prescribing exercise following exercise testing is more difficult. Guidelines like % heart rate (HR) reserve (HRR) require an anchoring maximal test and do not always provide a homogenous training experience. When prescribing HR on the basis of % HRR, rating of perceived exertion or Talk Test, cardiovascular/perceptual drift during sustained exercise makes prescription of the actual workload difficult. To overcome this issue, we have demonstrated a strategy for “translating” exercise test responses to steady state exercise training on the basis of % HRR or the Talk Test that appeared adequate for individuals ranging from cardiac patients to athletes. However, these methods depended on the nature of the exercise test details. In this viewpoint, we combine these data with workload expressed as Metabolic Equivalent Task (METs). We demonstrate that there is a regular stepdown between the METs during training to achieve the same degree of homeostatic disturbance during testing. The relationship was linear, was highly-correlated (r = 0.89), and averaged 71.8% (Training METs/Test METs). We conclude that it appears possible to generate a generalized approach to correctly translate exercise test responses to exercise training.
Carl Foster; James Anholm; Daniel Bok; Daniel Boullosa; Giancarlo Condello; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco; Salvador Jaime; Jos De Koning; Alejandro Lucia; John Porcari; Kim Radtke; Jose Rodriguez-Marroyo. Generalized Approach to Translating Exercise Tests and Prescribing Exercise. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2020, 5, 63 .
AMA StyleCarl Foster, James Anholm, Daniel Bok, Daniel Boullosa, Giancarlo Condello, Cristina Cortis, Andrea Fusco, Salvador Jaime, Jos De Koning, Alejandro Lucia, John Porcari, Kim Radtke, Jose Rodriguez-Marroyo. Generalized Approach to Translating Exercise Tests and Prescribing Exercise. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2020; 5 (3):63.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarl Foster; James Anholm; Daniel Bok; Daniel Boullosa; Giancarlo Condello; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco; Salvador Jaime; Jos De Koning; Alejandro Lucia; John Porcari; Kim Radtke; Jose Rodriguez-Marroyo. 2020. "Generalized Approach to Translating Exercise Tests and Prescribing Exercise." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 5, no. 3: 63.
Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and session RPE (sRPE) are reliable tools for predicting exercise intensity and are alternatives to more technological and physiological measurements, such as blood lactate (HLa) concentration, oxygen consumption and heart rate (HR). As sRPE may also convey some insights into accumulated fatigue, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of progressive fatigue in response to heavier-than-normal training on sRPE, with absolute training intensity held constant, and determine its validity as marker of fatigue. Twelve young adults performed eight interval workouts over a two-week period. The percentage of maximal HR (%HRmax), HLa, RPE and sRPE were measured for each session. The HLa/RPE ratio was calculated as an index of fatigue. Multilevel regression analysis showed significant differences for %HRmax (p = 0.004), HLa concentration (p = 0.0001), RPE (p < 0.0001), HLa/RPE ratio (p = 0.0002) and sRPE (p < 0.0001) across sessions. Non-linear regression analysis revealed a very large negative relationship between HLa/RPE ratio and sRPE (r = −0.70, p < 0.0001). These results support the hypothesis that sRPE is a sensitive tool that provides information on accumulated fatigue, in addition to training intensity. Exercise scientists without access to HLa measurements may now be able to gain insights into accumulated fatigue during periods of increased training by using sRPE.
Andrea Fusco; William Sustercich; Keegan Edgerton; Cristina Cortis; Salvador J. Jaime; Richard P. Mikat; John P. Porcari; Carl Foster. Effect of Progressive Fatigue on Session RPE. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2020, 5, 15 .
AMA StyleAndrea Fusco, William Sustercich, Keegan Edgerton, Cristina Cortis, Salvador J. Jaime, Richard P. Mikat, John P. Porcari, Carl Foster. Effect of Progressive Fatigue on Session RPE. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2020; 5 (1):15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Fusco; William Sustercich; Keegan Edgerton; Cristina Cortis; Salvador J. Jaime; Richard P. Mikat; John P. Porcari; Carl Foster. 2020. "Effect of Progressive Fatigue on Session RPE." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 5, no. 1: 15.
To examine the effects of low-intensity resistance exercise training (LIRET) and whole-body vibration training (WBVT) with an external weighted vest on arterial stiffness, wave reflection, brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and physical performance in postmenopausal women. Thirty-three postmenopausal women were stratified by age, body mass index (BMI), and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) (age, 65 ± 4 years; BMI, 23.3 ± 2.6 kg/m2; MVC, 17.4 ± 2.6 kg) and randomized into LIRET, WBVT, or a nonexercising control group for 12 weeks. Arterial stiffness, augmentation index (AIx), augmented pressure (AP), brachial FMD, gait speed and leg strength were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. WBVT induced improvements in pulse pressure amplification (PPA) (0.04 ± 0.02) compared to control (P = 0.048) and in wave reflection indices [AIx (−4.3 ± 1.4%) and AP (−2.9 ± 1.3 mmHg)] compared to LIRET (P = 0.039 and 0.048, respectively). WBVT (3.8 ± 1.4%) and LIRET (5.0 ± 1.5%) induced similar improvements in FMD compared to control (P = 0.029 and 0.008, respectively). WBVT and LIRET elicited similar increases in leg strength (P = 0.001 and 0.019, respectively), compared to no improvement in the control group. LIRET significantly increased gait speed compared to WBVT (P = 0.043). Although both WBVT and LIRET increased brachial artery FMD (systemic effect), WBVT seemed to be more efficacious in improving wave reflection and cardiac pulsatile load. Interestingly, LIRET elicited a significant improvement in gait speed. Both modalities seem effective in improving systemic endothelial function and muscle strength in postmenopausal women.
Salvador J. Jaime; Arun Maharaj; Stacey Alvarez-Alvarado; Arturo Figueroa. Impact of low-intensity resistance and whole-body vibration training on aortic hemodynamics and vascular function in postmenopausal women. Hypertension Research 2019, 42, 1979 -1988.
AMA StyleSalvador J. Jaime, Arun Maharaj, Stacey Alvarez-Alvarado, Arturo Figueroa. Impact of low-intensity resistance and whole-body vibration training on aortic hemodynamics and vascular function in postmenopausal women. Hypertension Research. 2019; 42 (12):1979-1988.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalvador J. Jaime; Arun Maharaj; Stacey Alvarez-Alvarado; Arturo Figueroa. 2019. "Impact of low-intensity resistance and whole-body vibration training on aortic hemodynamics and vascular function in postmenopausal women." Hypertension Research 42, no. 12: 1979-1988.