Birth weight and related outcomes have profound influences on life cycle health, but the effect of maternal hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy on birth weight is still unclear. This study aims to reveal the associations between maternal hemoglobin concentrations in different trimesters of pregnancy and neonatal birth weight, LBW, and SGA. This was a prospective study based on a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted from July 2015 to December 2019 in rural areas of Northwest China. Information on maternal socio-demographic status, health-related factors, antenatal visits, and neonatal birth outcomes were collected. A total of 3748 women and their babies were included in the final analysis. A total of 65.1% and 46.3% of the participants had anemia or hemoglobin ≥ 130 g/L during pregnancy. In the third trimester, maternal hemoglobin concentration was associated with birth weight in an inverted U-shaped curve and with the risks of LBW and SGA in extended U-shaped curves. The relatively higher birth weight and lower risks for LBW and SGA were observed when hemoglobin concentration was 100–110 g/L. When maternal hemoglobin was 130 g/L, the neonatal birth weight was more than 100 g lower than that when the maternal hemoglobin was 100 g/L. In conclusion, both low and high hemoglobin concentrations in the third trimester could be adverse to fetal weight growth and increase the risks of LBW and SGA, respectively. In addition to severe anemia, maternal hemoglobin >130 g/L in the third trimester should be paid great attention to in the practice of maternal and child health care.

Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is the most widely used serum biomarker for detecting pancreatic cancer (PC). Since early diagnosis is important for improving PC prognosis, a comprehensive understanding of the diagnostic performance of CA19-9 is critical. This study focused on comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of CA19-9 in PC diagnosis. Literature research was based on the seven databases. Studies released from January 2002 to January 2022 focused on the efficacy of CA19-9 in the detection of PC were included. Summarized sensitivity, specificity, and sROC/accuracy of discrimination (AUC) were estimated. Potential publication bias was measured with Funnel plot and Egger’s test. Meta-regression was performed to detect possible causes of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was used to assess the diagnostic efficacy of CA19-9 under different conditions. The study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021253861). Seventy-nine studies containing 20 991 participants who met the criteria were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of CA19-9 in diagnose PC were 72% (95% CI, 71–73%), 86% (95% CI, 85–86%), and 0.8474 (95% CI, 0.8272–0.8676). Subgroup analysis suggested that the diagnostic efficiency of CA19-9 in studies with healthy controls was the highest, followed by intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, in pancreatitis and diabetes were consistent with the overall result. Our analysis showed that serum CA19-9 had high and stable diagnostic efficacy for PC (not affected by diabetes). Subgroup analysis showed that serum CA19-9 yielded highest effectiveness in the diagnosis of pancreatic precancerous lesions, which indicated an irreplaceable clinical value in the early detection and warning value for PC.

Background: Mental disorders are the leading cause of global non-fatal disease burden, with rising prevalence among children, adolescents, and youth. This study analyzed location-, age-, and sex-specific estimates for nine mental disorders from 1990 to 2021 using GBD 2021 data, projecting burden to 2050.Methods: Methods included calculating average annual percentage change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC) for age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR), alongside decomposition, inequality, frontier, comparative risk, and Bayesian age-period-cohort analyses.Results: Compared to 1990, the 2021 global burden significantly increased among youth [the AAPC of ASPR = 0.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14 to 0.16; the AAPC of ASDR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.51], accelerating sharply after 2019 (the APC of ASPR = 4.74, 95% CI 4.55 to 4.93; the APC of ASDR = 6.64, 95% CI 4.88 to 8.42). Males experienced a higher burden than females, with variations in sex-specific patterns across age groups. Burden varied substantially by socio-demographic index (SDI), being highest in high-SDI regions [ASPR = 12913.13, 95% uncertainty interval (UI): 11135.82 to 14874.98; ASDR = 1750.41, 95% UI: 1253.46 to 2328.87]. We found that the burden changes of nine mental disorders vary at the global, regional, and national levels. Decomposition analysis highlighted that the changes in prevalence and the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were predominantly driven by population growth (84.86% and 57.92%), with the most significant improvements observed in higher SDI regions. Frontier analysis revealed the potential for burden reduction in higher income countries and territories. Globally, key risk factors included childhood sexual abuse, bullying, intimate partner violence, and lead exposure were identified for anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and idiopathic developmental intellectual disability, respectively. Projections indicated that the burden of mental disorders is likely to continue its decline in 2050 (ASPR = 6120.71 per 100,000, 95% CI: 3973.57 to 8267.85; ASDR = 844.71 per 100,000, 95% CI: 529.48 to 1159.94).Conclusion: Despite projected rate declines by 2050, the global burden of mental disorders is increasing, with significant disparities across populations and a recent surge demanding intensified prevention and equitable healthcare expansion worldwide.

Improving population health encompasses not just prolonging life or increasing life expectancy at birth, but also addressing the presence of diseases and the level of functioning [1]. Significant reductions in mortality rates have been achieved in most regions of the world over the past six decades, attributed to advancements in medicine and public health, improved […]