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Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for the development of ecosystem carbon cycle models and assessment of soil quality. In this study, a total of 732 soil samples from 122 soil profiles (0–10, 10–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm) were collected by a combination of fixed-point sampling and route surveys in an agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China and the spatial variation of the SOC in the samples was analyzed through classical statistical and geostatistical approaches. The results showed that the SOC contents decreased from 4.31 g/kg in the 0–10 cm to 1.57 g/kg in the 80–100 cm soil layer. The spatial heterogeneity of the SOC exhibited moderate and strong dependence for all the soil layers owing to random and structural factors including soil texture, topography, and human activities. The spatial distributions of the SOC increased gradually from northeast to southwest in the 0–40 cm soil layers, but there was no general trend in deep soil layers and different interpolation methods resulted in the inconsistent spatial distribution of SOC. The storage of SOC was expected to be 25 Tg in the 0–100 cm soil depths for the whole area of 7692 km2. The SOC stocks estimated by two interpolation approaches were very close (25.65 vs. 25.86 Tg), but the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation generated a more detailed map of SOC and with higher determination coefficient (R2); therefore, the IDW was recognized as an appropriate method to investigate the spatial variability of SOC in this region.
Yanjiang Zhang; Qing Zhen; Pengfei Li; Yongxing Cui; Junwei Xin; Yuan Yuan; Zhuhua Wu; Xingchang Zhang. Storage of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Spatial Variability in an Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2259 .
AMA StyleYanjiang Zhang, Qing Zhen, Pengfei Li, Yongxing Cui, Junwei Xin, Yuan Yuan, Zhuhua Wu, Xingchang Zhang. Storage of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Spatial Variability in an Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2259.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanjiang Zhang; Qing Zhen; Pengfei Li; Yongxing Cui; Junwei Xin; Yuan Yuan; Zhuhua Wu; Xingchang Zhang. 2020. "Storage of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Spatial Variability in an Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2259.
The authors would like to make the following corrections about the published paper [1]. The changes are as follows:
Pengfei Li; Xingchang Zhang; Mingde Hao; Yongxing Cui; Shilei Zhu. Erratum: Li, P.; Zhang, X.; et al. Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Bacterial Communities, Enzyme Activities, and Nutrients of Reconstructed Soil in a Mining Area on the Loess Plateau, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2295. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5171 .
AMA StylePengfei Li, Xingchang Zhang, Mingde Hao, Yongxing Cui, Shilei Zhu. Erratum: Li, P.; Zhang, X.; et al. Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Bacterial Communities, Enzyme Activities, and Nutrients of Reconstructed Soil in a Mining Area on the Loess Plateau, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2295. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (19):5171.
Chicago/Turabian StylePengfei Li; Xingchang Zhang; Mingde Hao; Yongxing Cui; Shilei Zhu. 2019. "Erratum: Li, P.; Zhang, X.; et al. Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Bacterial Communities, Enzyme Activities, and Nutrients of Reconstructed Soil in a Mining Area on the Loess Plateau, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2295." Sustainability 11, no. 19: 5171.
Soil microbes are the main driving forces and influencing factors of biochemical reactions in the environment. Study of ecological recovery after mining activities has prompted wider recognition of the importance of microbial diversity to ecosystem recovery; however, the response of soil bacterial communities to vegetation restoration types and soil biochemical properties remains poorly understood. The purpose of this research was to explore the soil bacterial communities and soil biochemical properties at four sampling sites (brushland (BL), forestland (FL), grassland (GL) and unreclaimed land (UL)) on the Loess Plateau, China, to evaluate the effect of vegetation restoration on the reconstructed soil in mining areas. In August 2017, samples were collected at the Heidaigou coal mine dumps. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to identify the structure of the soil bacterial community and evaluate its relationships with soil biochemical properties. The results showed that soil biochemical properties (soil organic matter, available phosphorus, urease, sucrase, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen) were significantly increased in BL, FL and GL relative to UL, indicating that the soil quality was significantly improved by vegetation restoration. In addition, the results showed that the vegetation restoration on the reconstructed soil in the mining area could significantly improve the operational taxonomic units (OTUs), abundance (ACE and Chao1) and diversity (Shannon and Simpson) indices of bacterial community and the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria. With vegetation restoration, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria showed an increasing trend, while that of Actinobacteria showed a decreasing trend, and the dominant phyla were only significantly correlated with a few biochemical properties. Moreover, there were no changes in soil bacterial community structures across the four sampling sites and the response of the bacterial community to biochemical properties was not obvious. This implies that, although the region has experienced about 20 years of vegetation restoration, the microbial community still maintains good stability and lagging response to soil biochemical properties. Since the BL soil had better biochemical properties and higher bacterial richness and diversity, it was recommended as the optimum vegetation restoration type for soil reclamation in this area.
Pengfei Li; Xingchang Zhang; Mingde Hao; Yongxing Cui; Shilei Zhu; Yanjiang Zhang. Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Bacterial Communities, Enzyme Activities, and Nutrients of Reconstructed Soil in a Mining Area on the Loess Plateau, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2295 .
AMA StylePengfei Li, Xingchang Zhang, Mingde Hao, Yongxing Cui, Shilei Zhu, Yanjiang Zhang. Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Bacterial Communities, Enzyme Activities, and Nutrients of Reconstructed Soil in a Mining Area on the Loess Plateau, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (8):2295.
Chicago/Turabian StylePengfei Li; Xingchang Zhang; Mingde Hao; Yongxing Cui; Shilei Zhu; Yanjiang Zhang. 2019. "Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Bacterial Communities, Enzyme Activities, and Nutrients of Reconstructed Soil in a Mining Area on the Loess Plateau, China." Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2295.