The disappearance of natural resources, development of environmental awareness and need to rationalize their spending, and in order to reduce the cost of energy production, caused an increasing need for the development and use of renewable energy sources (RES).Larger use of RES would provide energy security and lower energy imports. Of all forms of RES in R. Serbia, the biomass energy potential comes first. There has been considered legal framework relevant to the use of RES at the European level and within the boundaries of the R. Serbia. The authors point to the need for further harmonization of domestic legislation with global and European trends in the field of RES, as well as obligations from ratified international documents and the European integration process. The article also shows the potential of RES in agriculture as well as the actual state of exploitability in R. Serbia. Increasing the use of RES in R. Serbia can help diversify Serbian's energy supply, create growth and jobs, and lower greenhouse gas emissions.

Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) requires innovative and inclusive approaches that sustain attention, foster engagement, and build digital literacy in primary education. This study examined the impact of Scratch on sustaining attention among third- and fourth-grade students (ages 9–11). A total of 89 students participated, divided into control and experimental groups, to evaluate the effects of integrating Scratch into classroom activities. Data were collected through anonymous surveys with parental consent and analyzed using nonparametric statistical tests. The results showed that Scratch-based instruction enhanced sustained attention, particularly in interactive and digital activities such as active participation, video, and web-based tasks. In contrast, traditional textbook and workbook tasks showed weaker effects. Scratch also reduced common reasons for attention loss, with significant decreases in perceptions of excessive lesson length and loss of interest. Gender differences were minimal, confirming Scratch’s inclusivity, and strong correlations between problem-solving activities indicated that engagement, collaboration, and multimedia tasks mutually reinforce attention. These findings provide empirical support for Scratch as a tool that sustains attention, reduces disengagement, and promotes equity in learning. Although limited by reliance on self-reported data and a single educational context, the study offers evidence that Scratch advances innovative pedagogy aligned with SDG 4.

Promoting innovative renewable sources and reinforcing the wind energy market will contribute to preservation of the ecosystem by reducing emissions at global and local levels. The topic of the present paper is the analysis of the legal framework required for wind energy use in the Republic of Serbia. The paper discusses the harmonization of the domestic legislation with the global and European trends in this area as well as the obligations undertaken under international documents ratified within the European integration process. Wind energy use in the Republic of Serbia is far below the level which the country is expected to reach as one of the obligations under the Energy Community Treaty. The proposed measures that should be taken to increase the use of wind energy resources in the Republic of Serbia are legal and administrative measures, financial and investment measures, technology development, capacity building, human resources and infrastructure, awareness raising and education.

The authors analyze the protection of industrial design in Serbia, with a comparative overview of the rights of the European Union (EU) and Croatia in industrial property law. In addition to the protection of registered design, the protection of unregistered design within the framework of industrial design rights is characteristic of the EU. The unregistered design is acquired without a formal registration procedure, an appropriate disclosure of public design in the EU area. Based on analogy, an initial premise can be established, whereby, after Serbia’s entering into the EU, as well as after joining the EU, physical and legal persons from Serbia will have at their disposal several different forms of industrial design protection and unregistered community design. This form of design protection can be significant for the fashion industry in Serbia characterized by a constant dynamic design change.

The authors analyze two very important topics, which are intertwined, and relate to the legal regulation and application of solar energy in agriculture in our country. Solar energy reduces the costs of agricultural production in the long term and increases sustainability and competitiveness. Therefore, when it comes to the application of solar energy in agriculture, an important factor that directly affects market positioning is the greater competitiveness of food produced using clean energy. In addition, legal frameworks significant for the use of solar energy in agriculture at the European level and within the borders of the Republic of Serbia were considered as the subject of the paper. The Republic of Serbia has real potential for the production and application of solar energy, but these potentials are not sufficiently used, and the experiences of EU countries can be significant when adopting measures from the sphere of energy policy, especially if one takes into account the context of European integration in accordance with environmental protection.

In this paper the author outlines that by adopting the Law on Financial Leasing, the activity of financial leasing, as a significant aspect of modern business transactions, has been regulated for the first time in our legal system and has obtained its legal establishment. The Law on Financial Leasing has created a legal framework which has provided for a necessary level of legal security in conducting financial leasing, while respecting, at the same time, the principle of autonomy of parties' will and extensive application of freedom of negotiations in the business relations related to financial leasing. The Law on Financial Leasing took over many solutions from the Convention on International Financial Leasing, and thus modern solutions in the field of financial leasing were integrated in our law, in accordance with our legal system, legal tradition and basic legal principles. By adopting the law on financial leasing, the activity of financial leasing has been defined, and has thus obtained its precise legal definition in our legal system.