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To improve the accuracy of bifacial gain estimation, recent radiative models of solar energy systems have abandoned the traditional assumption of isotropic ground-reflected radiance. However, surface reflectance itself is still commonly considered as a constant — partly because of the recommendations of previous evaluations of reflectance models. This paper presents the findings of a new model evaluation based on a large database of measurements from 26 sites, which are representative of major land covers and climates. Both novel and previously reviewed formulations are validated with the data. On a global average, data-based estimation reduces mean absolute error by 22%, 29%, and 39% with constant, univariate, and bivariate models, respectively, compared to literature-based estimates. Only at the urban and snow-and-ice sites does time-variant estimation not notably improve accuracy. Arid sites tend to favour univariate models based on solar elevation, and diffuse fraction adds little value as the second predictor. By contrast, bivariate estimation clearly improves accuracy at vegetated and water sites. When considering the best-performing model for each site, the global average mean absolute error is 11%. Two novel formulations, univariate and bivariate, provide superior performance at many sites. The proposed 3-parameter bivariate model is one of the top performers at 19 out of the 26 considered sites.
Arttu Tuomiranta; Pierre-Jean Alet; Christophe Ballif; Hosni Ghedira. Worldwide performance evaluation of ground surface reflectance models. Solar Energy 2021, 224, 1063 -1078.
AMA StyleArttu Tuomiranta, Pierre-Jean Alet, Christophe Ballif, Hosni Ghedira. Worldwide performance evaluation of ground surface reflectance models. Solar Energy. 2021; 224 ():1063-1078.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArttu Tuomiranta; Pierre-Jean Alet; Christophe Ballif; Hosni Ghedira. 2021. "Worldwide performance evaluation of ground surface reflectance models." Solar Energy 224, no. : 1063-1078.
The high-penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in low voltage distribution grids, mainly photovoltaics (PV), might lead to overvoltage in the point of common coupling, thus, limiting the entrance of renewable sources to fulfill the requirements from the network operator. Volt-var is a common control function for DER power converters that is used to enhance the stability and reliability of the voltage in the distribution system. In this study, a centralized algorithm provides local volt-var control parameters to each PV inverter, which are based on the electrical grid characteristics. Because accurate information of grid characteristics is typically not available, the parametrization of the electrical grid is done using a local power meter data and a voltage sensitivity matrix. The algorithm has different optimization modes that take into account the minimization of voltage deviation and line current. To validate the effectiveness of the algorithm and its deployment in a real infrastructure, the solution has been tested in an experimental setup with PV emulators under laboratory conditions. The volt-var control algorithm successfully adapted its parameters based on grid topology and PV inverter characteristics, achieving a voltage reduction of up to 25% of the allowed voltage deviation.
Toni Gubert; Alba Colet; Lluc Casals; Cristina Corchero; José Domínguez-García; Amelia Sotomayor; William Martin; Yves Stauffer; Pierre-Jean Alet. Adaptive Volt-Var Control Algorithm to Grid Strength and PV Inverter Characteristics. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4459 .
AMA StyleToni Gubert, Alba Colet, Lluc Casals, Cristina Corchero, José Domínguez-García, Amelia Sotomayor, William Martin, Yves Stauffer, Pierre-Jean Alet. Adaptive Volt-Var Control Algorithm to Grid Strength and PV Inverter Characteristics. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4459.
Chicago/Turabian StyleToni Gubert; Alba Colet; Lluc Casals; Cristina Corchero; José Domínguez-García; Amelia Sotomayor; William Martin; Yves Stauffer; Pierre-Jean Alet. 2021. "Adaptive Volt-Var Control Algorithm to Grid Strength and PV Inverter Characteristics." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4459.
High-penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in low voltage distribution grids, mainly photovoltaics (PV), might lead to overvoltage in the point of common coupling. Volt-VAr is one of the common control functions for DER power converters used to enhance the stability and the reliability of the voltage in the distribution system and, thus, fulfilling the network operator requirements. In this study, a centralized algorithm will provide local Volt-VAr control parameters to each PV inverter, based on the electrical grid characteristics where each equipment is installed. Since accurate information of grid characteristics is typically not available, the parametrization of the electrical grid is done using power meter data in DER location and a voltage sensitivity matrix. The algorithm has different optimization modes to both minimize voltage deviation and line current. In order to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm and its deployment in real infrastructure, it has been tested in an experimental setup with PV emulators in a set of 5-day tests. Volt-VAr control algorithm successfully adapted its parameters based on grid topology and PV inverter characteristics, achieving a voltage reduction up to 25% of the allowed voltage deviation.
Toni Cantero Gubert; Alba Colet; Lluc Canals Casals; Cristina Corchero; Jose Luís Domínguez-García; Amelia Alvarez de Sotomayor; William Martin; Yves Stauffer; Pierre-Jean Alet. Adaptive Volt-VAr Control Algorithm to Grid Strength and PV Inverter Characteristics. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleToni Cantero Gubert, Alba Colet, Lluc Canals Casals, Cristina Corchero, Jose Luís Domínguez-García, Amelia Alvarez de Sotomayor, William Martin, Yves Stauffer, Pierre-Jean Alet. Adaptive Volt-VAr Control Algorithm to Grid Strength and PV Inverter Characteristics. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleToni Cantero Gubert; Alba Colet; Lluc Canals Casals; Cristina Corchero; Jose Luís Domínguez-García; Amelia Alvarez de Sotomayor; William Martin; Yves Stauffer; Pierre-Jean Alet. 2021. "Adaptive Volt-VAr Control Algorithm to Grid Strength and PV Inverter Characteristics." , no. : 1.
Operating power systems with large amounts of renewables requires predicting future photovoltaic (PV) production with fine temporal and spatial resolution. State-of-the-art techniques combine numerical weather predictions with statistical post-processing, but their resolution is too coarse for applications such as local congestion management. In this paper we introduce computing methods for multi-site PV forecasting, which exploit the intuition that PV systems provide a dense network of simple weather stations. These methods rely entirely on production data and address the real-life challenges that come with them, such as noise and gaps. Our approach builds on graph signal processing for signal reconstruction and for forecasting with a linear, spatio-temporal autoregressive (ST-AR) model. It also introduces a data-driven clear-sky production estimation for normalization. The proposed framework was evaluated over one year on both 303 real PV systems under commercial monitoring across Switzerland, and 1000 simulated ones based on high-resolution weather data. The results demonstrate the performance and robustness of the approach: with gaps of four hours on average in the input data, the average daytime NRMSE over a six-hour forecasting horizon (in 15 min steps) and over all systems is 13.8% and 9% for the real and synthetic data sets, respectively.
Rafael E. Carrillo; Martin Leblanc; Baptiste Schubnel; Renaud Langou; Cyril Topfel; Pierre-Jean Alet. High-Resolution PV Forecasting from Imperfect Data: A Graph-Based Solution. Energies 2020, 13, 5763 .
AMA StyleRafael E. Carrillo, Martin Leblanc, Baptiste Schubnel, Renaud Langou, Cyril Topfel, Pierre-Jean Alet. High-Resolution PV Forecasting from Imperfect Data: A Graph-Based Solution. Energies. 2020; 13 (21):5763.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael E. Carrillo; Martin Leblanc; Baptiste Schubnel; Renaud Langou; Cyril Topfel; Pierre-Jean Alet. 2020. "High-Resolution PV Forecasting from Imperfect Data: A Graph-Based Solution." Energies 13, no. 21: 5763.
Power consumption in buildings show nonlinear behaviours that linear models cannot capture, whereas recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can. This ability makes RNNs attractive alternatives for the model-predictive control (MPC) of buildings. However, RNNs are nonlinear and non-smooth functions which makes their use challenging in optimization problems. Therefore, this work systematically investigates whether using RNNs for building control provides net gains in MPC. It compares over 2 months of simulated operation the representation power and control performance of two architectures: an RNN architecture and a linear state-space (LSS) model with a nonlinear regressor to estimate energy consumption. The results show that RNNs yield an identification error 69% lower than LSS, but the LSS models yield control laws that achieve 10% lower objective function with a computational time three times lower than the RNNs. Thus, on balance, well-designed LSS models with nonlinear regressors are best in most cases of MPC.
Baptiste Schubnel; Rafael E. Carrillo; Paolo Taddeo; Lluc Canal Casals; Jaume Salom; Yves Stauffer; Pierre-Jean Alet. State-space models for building control: how deep should you go? Journal of Building Performance Simulation 2020, 13, 707 -719.
AMA StyleBaptiste Schubnel, Rafael E. Carrillo, Paolo Taddeo, Lluc Canal Casals, Jaume Salom, Yves Stauffer, Pierre-Jean Alet. State-space models for building control: how deep should you go? Journal of Building Performance Simulation. 2020; 13 (6):707-719.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaptiste Schubnel; Rafael E. Carrillo; Paolo Taddeo; Lluc Canal Casals; Jaume Salom; Yves Stauffer; Pierre-Jean Alet. 2020. "State-space models for building control: how deep should you go?" Journal of Building Performance Simulation 13, no. 6: 707-719.
The photovoltaics industry is adopting bifacial systems which offer improved energy harvesting compared to monofacial ones. This stems from the collection of light reflected by the surroundings on the rear side of the modules, leading to system-level gains typically ranging from 5% to 25% $_rel$ . The question arises, however, whether this bifacial gain also applies to two-terminal (2T) tandem solar cells, since the series-connected subcells must generate equivalent currents to achieve an optimal performance. Using comprehensive simulations based on realistic device characteristics and typical meteorological data at different locations, we demonstrate that 2T tandem solar cells can indeed benefit from bifaciality provided that their design is tailored to this configuration. The top cell needs to absorb significantly more light than when designed for monofacial operation. In the geographical locations and system configurations simulated here, a broad performance optimum is found at a mismatch value of 6 mA·cm−2 under front illumination, corresponding to a top cell generating ∼23 mA·cm−2 compared to ∼17 mA·cm−2 in the bottom one. With such specific design, bifacial tandems can yield up to 1.2 times the energy output of bifacial single-junction devices across a wide range of locations.
Olivier Dupre; Arttu Tuomiranta; Quentin Jeangros; Mathieu Boccard; Pierre-Jean Alet; Christophe Ballif. Design Rules to Fully Benefit From Bifaciality in Two-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2020, 10, 714 -721.
AMA StyleOlivier Dupre, Arttu Tuomiranta, Quentin Jeangros, Mathieu Boccard, Pierre-Jean Alet, Christophe Ballif. Design Rules to Fully Benefit From Bifaciality in Two-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. 2020; 10 (3):714-721.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlivier Dupre; Arttu Tuomiranta; Quentin Jeangros; Mathieu Boccard; Pierre-Jean Alet; Christophe Ballif. 2020. "Design Rules to Fully Benefit From Bifaciality in Two-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 10, no. 3: 714-721.
Baptiste Schubnel; Rafael E. Carrillo; Pierre-Jean Alet; Andreas Hutter. A Hybrid Learning Method for System Identification and Optimal Control. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 2020, 1 -15.
AMA StyleBaptiste Schubnel, Rafael E. Carrillo, Pierre-Jean Alet, Andreas Hutter. A Hybrid Learning Method for System Identification and Optimal Control. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. 2020; ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaptiste Schubnel; Rafael E. Carrillo; Pierre-Jean Alet; Andreas Hutter. 2020. "A Hybrid Learning Method for System Identification and Optimal Control." IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems , no. : 1-15.
With the rising popularity of photovoltaic (PV) power, utility companies are experiencing a growing number of interconnection requests on their networks. Combined with power quality issues, the distribution system operator (DSO) must go through strenuous impact studies before proceeding to the installation of PV systems. To address this issue, this work proposes a tool to rapidly and accurately compute the total PV hosting capacity (PVHC) of their network. Moreover, the proposed tool allows the implementation of user-defined control strategies in order to assess their beneficial effects with respect to the PVHC. In this prospect, we investigated the impact of smart PV inverters. We implemented this tool as a plugin for PowerFactory and tested it on the CIGRE benchmark distribution grid. First, we determined the PVHC with inverters injecting at unity power factor, then we estimated the gains brought by smart inverter control (SIC). The latter increased the hosting capacity by up to 19.7 %.
William Martin; Yves Stauffer; Christophe Ballif; Andreas Hutter; Pierre-Jean Alet. Automated Quantification of PV Hosting Capacity In Distribution Networks Under User-Defined Control and Optimisation Procedures. 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe) 2018, 1 -6.
AMA StyleWilliam Martin, Yves Stauffer, Christophe Ballif, Andreas Hutter, Pierre-Jean Alet. Automated Quantification of PV Hosting Capacity In Distribution Networks Under User-Defined Control and Optimisation Procedures. 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe). 2018; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilliam Martin; Yves Stauffer; Christophe Ballif; Andreas Hutter; Pierre-Jean Alet. 2018. "Automated Quantification of PV Hosting Capacity In Distribution Networks Under User-Defined Control and Optimisation Procedures." 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe) , no. : 1-6.
Power fluctuations, especially in LV grids, are increasing due to the continuing penetration of renewable energy sources which are naturally variable and characterized by fast transients of the energy production. In order to improve the power quality aspects, the authors show a test bench emulating a DC micro-grid comprising a PV system, various loads and an energy storage system. This micro-grid is interfaced to the AC public distribution grid through a single bidirectional converter. The design of the whole system has the following goals: i) supply the connected DC loads with a stabilized voltage; ii) guarantee the PV source operation in MPP in all irradiation conditions and dynamics, iii) limit the ramp-rate of the power exchanged with the AC grid and iv) improve the on.-site consumption of the locally produced energy. The feasibility of the solution is demonstrated by using off-the-shelves components for the hardware and developing an ad hoc software for the controller. The effectiveness of the solution is shown by experimental measurements of the power flows through the system in different conditions of generation and consumption.
Vincenzo Musolino; Christian Rod; Pierre-Jean Alet; Andreas Hutter; Christophe Ballif. Improved ramp-rate and self consumption ratio in a renewable-energy-based DC micro-grid. 2017 IEEE Second International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM) 2017, 564 -570.
AMA StyleVincenzo Musolino, Christian Rod, Pierre-Jean Alet, Andreas Hutter, Christophe Ballif. Improved ramp-rate and self consumption ratio in a renewable-energy-based DC micro-grid. 2017 IEEE Second International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM). 2017; ():564-570.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVincenzo Musolino; Christian Rod; Pierre-Jean Alet; Andreas Hutter; Christophe Ballif. 2017. "Improved ramp-rate and self consumption ratio in a renewable-energy-based DC micro-grid." 2017 IEEE Second International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM) , no. : 564-570.
Smart grids offer an indisputable business opportunity for system operators and energy traders to engage in demand response programs. Hereby these actors may profit from trading flexibility provided at the prosumer side on the energy markets. This paper discusses the system design challenges for an information and communication technology system infrastructure facilitating DR for residential prosumers. It presents the SEMIAH framework for providing a scalable infrastructure for residential DR built on a component-based architecture with the virtual power plant at the hearth of the system. The paper examines the possible impact of deploying an automated residential DR program on the quality and stability of a low voltage grid.
Rune Jacobsen; Dominique Gabioud; Gillian Basso; Pierre-Jean Alet; Armin Ghasem Azar; Emad Ebeid. SEMIAH: An Aggregator Framework for European Demand Response Programs. 2015 Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design 2015, 470 -477.
AMA StyleRune Jacobsen, Dominique Gabioud, Gillian Basso, Pierre-Jean Alet, Armin Ghasem Azar, Emad Ebeid. SEMIAH: An Aggregator Framework for European Demand Response Programs. 2015 Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design. 2015; ():470-477.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRune Jacobsen; Dominique Gabioud; Gillian Basso; Pierre-Jean Alet; Armin Ghasem Azar; Emad Ebeid. 2015. "SEMIAH: An Aggregator Framework for European Demand Response Programs." 2015 Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design , no. : 470-477.
Increasing penetration of PV sources in LV grids is introducing new challenges to the quality of voltage. Variability of solar radiation can cause power ramps of up to the nominal power of the plant in one second, which directly induces voltage fluctuations on distribution feeders. To mitigate this impact on power quality, we investigate the introduction of dc micro-grids interfaced to the ac grid through four-quadrant inverter. The introduced control strategy is able to manage the entire system without any communication layer and to ensure at the same time: i) ramp-rate control of the power exchanged with the ac grid; ii) voltage stability on both dc and ac grids; iii) maintaining the state of charge of storage devices connected to the dc grid. In the paper the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is shown with numerical simulations considering real profiles of solar irradiation and load power.
Vincenzo Musolino; Pierre-Jean Alet; Laure-Emmanuelle Perret-Aebi; Christophe Ballif; Luigi Piegari. Alleviating power quality issues when integrating PV into built areas: Design and control of DC microgrids. 2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM) 2015, 102 -107.
AMA StyleVincenzo Musolino, Pierre-Jean Alet, Laure-Emmanuelle Perret-Aebi, Christophe Ballif, Luigi Piegari. Alleviating power quality issues when integrating PV into built areas: Design and control of DC microgrids. 2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM). 2015; ():102-107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVincenzo Musolino; Pierre-Jean Alet; Laure-Emmanuelle Perret-Aebi; Christophe Ballif; Luigi Piegari. 2015. "Alleviating power quality issues when integrating PV into built areas: Design and control of DC microgrids." 2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM) , no. : 102-107.
Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) provide new opportunities for developing a new generation of thin film Si solar cells with enhanced light trapping and increased overall performance. Here, we report on the fabrication of SiNW-based thin film solar cells directly on top of low cost TCO/glass substrates in an all-in-situ process. The SiNWs are obtained on ITO (or SnO2) substrates via vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism, with the nano-scaled In (or Sn) catalyst droplets prepared by using H2 plasma superficial reduction of ITO (or SnO2) in a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system (PECVD). We demonstrate that the morphology and compositional properties of the SiNWs, as well as the catalyst remnant in the SiNWs, can be effectively controlled by tuning the growth temperature and plasma conditions. The enhanced light trapping and absorption effects have been achieved by growing SiNWs directly on top of the TCO substrates, with the absorption edge downshifting steadily to ∼1.1 eV, indicating that the crystalline core of the SiNWs also participates in the light absorption. According to a real time monitoring using an in-situ MM-16 ellipsometer, the enhanced light trapping/absorbing effects can be attributed to the growth of long, sharp and straight SiNW. Prototype SiNWs-based thin film solar cells are successfully demonstrated.
Linwei Yu; Benedict O’Donnell; Pierre-Jean Alet; Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. All-in-situ fabrication and characterization of silicon nanowires on TCO/glass substrates for photovoltaic application. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2010, 94, 1855 -1859.
AMA StyleLinwei Yu, Benedict O’Donnell, Pierre-Jean Alet, Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. All-in-situ fabrication and characterization of silicon nanowires on TCO/glass substrates for photovoltaic application. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 2010; 94 (11):1855-1859.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinwei Yu; Benedict O’Donnell; Pierre-Jean Alet; Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. 2010. "All-in-situ fabrication and characterization of silicon nanowires on TCO/glass substrates for photovoltaic application." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 94, no. 11: 1855-1859.
Pierre-Jean Alet; Serge Palacin; Pere Roca I. Cabarrocas. Low-temperature growth of nano-structured silicon thin films on ITO initiated by metal catalysts. Thin Solid Films 2009, 517, 6405 -6408.
AMA StylePierre-Jean Alet, Serge Palacin, Pere Roca I. Cabarrocas. Low-temperature growth of nano-structured silicon thin films on ITO initiated by metal catalysts. Thin Solid Films. 2009; 517 (23):6405-6408.
Chicago/Turabian StylePierre-Jean Alet; Serge Palacin; Pere Roca I. Cabarrocas. 2009. "Low-temperature growth of nano-structured silicon thin films on ITO initiated by metal catalysts." Thin Solid Films 517, no. 23: 6405-6408.
Plasma-enhanced low temperature growth (<300 degrees C) of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) and hierarchical structures via a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism are investigated. The SiNWs were grown using tin and indium as catalysts prepared by in situ H(2) plasma reduction of SnO(2) and ITO substrates, respectively. Effective growth of SiNWs at temperatures as low as 240 degrees C have been achieved, while tin is found to be more ideal than indium in achieving a better size and density control of the SiNWs. Ultra-thin (4-8 nm) silica nanowires, sprouting from the dendritic nucleation patterns on the catalyst's surface, were also observed to form during the cooling process. A kinetic growth model has been proposed to account for their formation mechanism. This hierarchical structure combines the advantages of the size and position controllability from the catalyst-on-top VLS-SiNWs and the ultra-thin size from the catalyst-on-bottom VLS-ScNWs.
Linwei Yu; Benedict O’Donnell; Pierre-Jean Alet; Sonia Conesa-Boj; Francesca Peiro; Jordi Arbiol; Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. Plasma-enhanced low temperature growth of silicon nanowires and hierarchical structures by using tin and indium catalysts. Nanotechnology 2009, 20, 225604 .
AMA StyleLinwei Yu, Benedict O’Donnell, Pierre-Jean Alet, Sonia Conesa-Boj, Francesca Peiro, Jordi Arbiol, Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. Plasma-enhanced low temperature growth of silicon nanowires and hierarchical structures by using tin and indium catalysts. Nanotechnology. 2009; 20 (22):225604.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinwei Yu; Benedict O’Donnell; Pierre-Jean Alet; Sonia Conesa-Boj; Francesca Peiro; Jordi Arbiol; Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. 2009. "Plasma-enhanced low temperature growth of silicon nanowires and hierarchical structures by using tin and indium catalysts." Nanotechnology 20, no. 22: 225604.
We report an in-plane solid-liquid-solid (IPSLS) mode for obtaining self-avoiding lateral silicon nanowires (SiNW) in a reacting-gas-free annealing process, where the growth of SiNWs is guided by liquid indium drops that transform the surrounding a-SiratioH matrix into crystalline SiNWs. The SiNWs can be approximately mm long, with the smallest diameter down to approximately 22 nm. A high growth rate of >10(2) nm/s and rich evolution dynamics are revealed in a real-time in situ scanning electron microscopy observation. A qualitative growth model is proposed to account for the major features of this IPSLS SiNW growth mode.
Linwei Yu; Pierre-Jean Alet; Gennaro Picardi; Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. An In-Plane Solid-Liquid-Solid Growth Mode for Self-Avoiding Lateral Silicon Nanowires. Physical Review Letters 2009, 102, 125501 -125501.
AMA StyleLinwei Yu, Pierre-Jean Alet, Gennaro Picardi, Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. An In-Plane Solid-Liquid-Solid Growth Mode for Self-Avoiding Lateral Silicon Nanowires. Physical Review Letters. 2009; 102 (12):125501-125501.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinwei Yu; Pierre-Jean Alet; Gennaro Picardi; Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. 2009. "An In-Plane Solid-Liquid-Solid Growth Mode for Self-Avoiding Lateral Silicon Nanowires." Physical Review Letters 102, no. 12: 125501-125501.
We here propose an all-in situ method for growing vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) silicon nanowires (SiNWs) directly on SnO(2) substrates in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. The tin catalysts are formed by a well-controlled H(2) plasma treatment of the SnO(2) layer. The lowest temperature for the tin-catalyzed VLS SiNWs growth in a silane plasma is ∼250 °C. The effects of substrate temperature and H(2) dilution of silane on the morphology and compositional evolution of the SiNWs were systematically investigated. The catalyst content in the SiNWs can be effectively controlled by the deposition temperature. Moreover, enhanced absorption (down to ∼1.1 eV) is achieved due to the strong light trapping and anti-reflection effects in the straight and long tapered SiNWs.
Linwei Yu; Pierre-Jean Alet; Gennaro Picardi; Isabelle Maurin; Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. Synthesis, morphology and compositional evolution of silicon nanowires directly grown on SnO2substrates. Nanotechnology 2008, 19, 485605 .
AMA StyleLinwei Yu, Pierre-Jean Alet, Gennaro Picardi, Isabelle Maurin, Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. Synthesis, morphology and compositional evolution of silicon nanowires directly grown on SnO2substrates. Nanotechnology. 2008; 19 (48):485605.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinwei Yu; Pierre-Jean Alet; Gennaro Picardi; Isabelle Maurin; Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. 2008. "Synthesis, morphology and compositional evolution of silicon nanowires directly grown on SnO2substrates." Nanotechnology 19, no. 48: 485605.
In situ generation of indium catalyst droplets and subsequent growth of crystalline silicon nanowires on ITO by plasma-enhanced CVD are reported, and the wurtzite (Si–IV) phase is clearly evidenced in some wires.
Pierre-Jean Alet; Linwei Yu; Gilles Patriarche; Serge Palacin; Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. In situ generation of indium catalysts to grow crystalline silicon nanowires at low temperature on ITO. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2008, 18, 5187 -5189.
AMA StylePierre-Jean Alet, Linwei Yu, Gilles Patriarche, Serge Palacin, Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. In situ generation of indium catalysts to grow crystalline silicon nanowires at low temperature on ITO. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 2008; 18 (43):5187-5189.
Chicago/Turabian StylePierre-Jean Alet; Linwei Yu; Gilles Patriarche; Serge Palacin; Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. 2008. "In situ generation of indium catalysts to grow crystalline silicon nanowires at low temperature on ITO." Journal of Materials Chemistry 18, no. 43: 5187-5189.
The formation of gold islands on a transparent conductive oxide by annealing a thin evaporated layer is studied by SEM. The droplets of metal formed this way may catalyze the growth of nanowires or nanotubes to be used in opto‐electronic devices. The effect of the initial thickness (between 1 nm and 4 nm) and the annealing temperature (between 70 °C and 650 °C) is investigated. A qualitative description of the evolution is given and quantitative data are obtained by automated image analysis. Number density, area and effective diameter of the aggregates depend heavily on the initial thickness but very slightly on the annealing temperature. Three phenomena are considered to explain the evolution: interfacial stress due to mismatch in the linear expansion coefficient, Ostwald ripening and kinetic aggregation. By comparing the experimental size distributions to the theoretical ones, the relevance of the last two is discussed. As an application, the gold catalyzed CVD growth of silicon nanowires on zinc oxide is demonstrated. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pierre-Jean Alet; Laurent Eude; Serge Palacin; Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. Transition from thin gold layers to nano-islands on TCO for catalyzing the growth of one-dimensional nanostructures. physica status solidi (a) 2008, 205, 1429 -1434.
AMA StylePierre-Jean Alet, Laurent Eude, Serge Palacin, Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. Transition from thin gold layers to nano-islands on TCO for catalyzing the growth of one-dimensional nanostructures. physica status solidi (a). 2008; 205 (6):1429-1434.
Chicago/Turabian StylePierre-Jean Alet; Laurent Eude; Serge Palacin; Pere Roca I Cabarrocas. 2008. "Transition from thin gold layers to nano-islands on TCO for catalyzing the growth of one-dimensional nanostructures." physica status solidi (a) 205, no. 6: 1429-1434.
Diazonium salts coupled with vinylic monomers were able to functionalize carpets of carbon nanotubes by electro-activation in aqueous media. Hence, nano-sized carbon surfaces were shown to react with active radical species in solution through a new covalent grafting process called Surface Electroinitiated Emulsion Polymerization (SEEP), where diazonium salts are used both to initiate the polymerization of vinylic monomers in solution and to form a primer grafted polyphenylene-like layer on the carbon surface. SEM and TEM analyses revealed that ultrathin polymer films are grafted on the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes. XPS spectroscopy further confirmed the functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Lorraine Tessier; Jérôme Chancolon; Pierre-Jean Alet; Adhitya Trenggono; Martine Mayne-L'Hermite; Guy Deniau; Pascale Jégou; Serge Palacin. Grafting organic polymer films on surfaces of carbon nanotubes by surface electroinitiated emulsion polymerization. physica status solidi (a) 2008, 205, 1412 -1418.
AMA StyleLorraine Tessier, Jérôme Chancolon, Pierre-Jean Alet, Adhitya Trenggono, Martine Mayne-L'Hermite, Guy Deniau, Pascale Jégou, Serge Palacin. Grafting organic polymer films on surfaces of carbon nanotubes by surface electroinitiated emulsion polymerization. physica status solidi (a). 2008; 205 (6):1412-1418.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorraine Tessier; Jérôme Chancolon; Pierre-Jean Alet; Adhitya Trenggono; Martine Mayne-L'Hermite; Guy Deniau; Pascale Jégou; Serge Palacin. 2008. "Grafting organic polymer films on surfaces of carbon nanotubes by surface electroinitiated emulsion polymerization." physica status solidi (a) 205, no. 6: 1412-1418.