This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Unclaimed
Matjaž Šraml
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2021 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Smartphones are nowadays indispensable devices in daily life. Their rapid technological development makes it possible to have almost all necessary information on them, which facilitates their spread among all users. However, this extensive use has led to many distraction problems while performing other main tasks, such as activities on the road, which can also impact people's safety. Therefore, various experts focused their attention on issues related to drivers looking at their mobile phones; recently, researchers from different disciplines saw the need to deepen knowledge also on the phenomenon of vulnerable road users distracted by digital devices, especially when approaching signalized intersections. This study builds on and seeks to extend this area of research by analyzing the effects of digital distraction on pedestrians as they approach unsignalised intersections located on roundabout entrances and exits. The aim of the research is to understand the extent to which the task of checking social media affects pedestrian reaction and crossing times, as well as to identify which elements attract the most pedestrian attention. To achieve this goal, an eye-tracking study was designed, in which participants wearing eye-tracking glasses were asked to walk a predefined route, once checking their social media apps and once walking without distracting technological elements. The results showed an 84% increase in reaction time when using the phone, while only a slight rise in crossing time was found. The general conclusions about the most observed elements when walking are also consistent with the main findings of previous literature studies.

ACS Style

Chiara Gruden; Irena Ištoka Otković; Matjaž Šraml. Pedestrian safety at roundabouts: Their crossing and glance behavior in the interaction with vehicular traffic. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2021, 159, 106290 .

AMA Style

Chiara Gruden, Irena Ištoka Otković, Matjaž Šraml. Pedestrian safety at roundabouts: Their crossing and glance behavior in the interaction with vehicular traffic. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2021; 159 ():106290.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Gruden; Irena Ištoka Otković; Matjaž Šraml. 2021. "Pedestrian safety at roundabouts: Their crossing and glance behavior in the interaction with vehicular traffic." Accident Analysis & Prevention 159, no. : 106290.

Journal article
Published: 15 April 2021 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Smartphones have become an integral part of our everyday lives and keep us busy while doing other primary activities such as driving, cycling or walking in traffic. The problem of digital distraction among drivers has been largely addressed, and interest is growing also on vulnerable road users as well. In fact, high percentages of pedestrians and cyclists are accustomed to checking their devices while moving in traffic. This research links to the presented theme and aims to investigate the extent to which digital distraction in the form of social media app checking influences pedestrian behavior. The focus of the study is specifically on signalized intersections. An outdoor, eye-tracking experiment was conducted on a specific route consisting of various elements typical of urban areas. Participants were asked to walk the predefined route twice, encountering three signalized intersections: the first time they were asked to walk with their smartphone in hand, the second time without. The recordings of each participant’s route were then analyzed, examining reaction time, crossing time and speed, fixations and gaze paths. The results show a clear impact of digital devices on pedestrians’ attention by increasing their reaction and crossing times and decreasing crossing speeds. In addition, the analysis of fixations found that 82.54% of the time was devoted to the smartphone, while interest in other street elements decreased from 16.64% to 4.03%.

ACS Style

Chiara Gruden; Irena Ištoka Otković; Matjaž Šraml. Safety Analysis of Young Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Intersections: An Eye-Tracking Study. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4419 .

AMA Style

Chiara Gruden, Irena Ištoka Otković, Matjaž Šraml. Safety Analysis of Young Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Intersections: An Eye-Tracking Study. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4419.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Gruden; Irena Ištoka Otković; Matjaž Šraml. 2021. "Safety Analysis of Young Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Intersections: An Eye-Tracking Study." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4419.

Preprint
Published: 16 March 2021
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Smartphones have become an integral part of our everyday lives and keep us busy while doing other primary activities such as driving, cycling or walking in traffic. The problem of digital distraction among drivers has been largely addressed, and interest is growing also on vulnerable road users as well: In fact, high percentages of pedestrians and cyclists are accustomed to checking their devices while moving in traffic. This research links to the presented theme and aims to investigate the extent to which digital distraction in the form of social media app checking influences pedestrian behavior. The focus of the study is specifically on signalized intersections. An outdoor, eye-tracking experiment was conducted on a specific route consisting of various elements typical of urban areas. Participants were asked to walk the predefined route twice, en-countering three signalized intersections: the first time they were asked to walk with their smartphone in hand, the second time without. The recordings of each participant's route were then analyzed, examining reaction time, crossing time and speed, fixations, and gaze paths. The results show a clear impact of digital devices on pedestrians' attention by increasing their reaction and crossing times and decreasing crossing speeds. In addition, the analysis of fixations found that 82.54% of the time was devoted to the smartphone, while interest in other street ele-ments decreased from 16.64% to 4.03%.

ACS Style

Chiara Gruden; Irena Ištoka Otković; Matjaž Šraml. Safety Analysis of Young Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Intersections: An Eye-Tracking Study. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Chiara Gruden, Irena Ištoka Otković, Matjaž Šraml. Safety Analysis of Young Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Intersections: An Eye-Tracking Study. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Gruden; Irena Ištoka Otković; Matjaž Šraml. 2021. "Safety Analysis of Young Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Intersections: An Eye-Tracking Study." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2020 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Walking is the original form of transportation, and pedestrians have always made up a significant share of transportation system users. In contrast to motorized traffic, which has to move on precisely defined lanes and follow strict rules, pedestrian traffic is not heavily regulated. Moreover, pedestrians have specific characteristics—in terms of size and protection—which make them much more vulnerable than drivers. In addition, the difference in speed between pedestrians and motorized vehicles increases their vulnerability. All these characteristics, together with the large number of pedestrians on the road, lead to many safety problems that professionals have to deal with. One way to tackle them is to model pedestrian behavior using microsimulation tools. Of course, modeling also raises questions of reliability, and this is also the focus of this paper. The aim of the present research is to contribute to improving the reliability of microsimulation models for pedestrians by testing the possibility of applying neural networks in the model calibration process. Pedestrian behavior is culturally conditioned and the adaptation of the model to local specifics in the calibration process is a prerequisite for realistic modeling results. A neural network is formulated, trained and validated in order to link not-directly measurable model parameters to pedestrian crossing time, which is given as output by the microsimulation tool. The crossing time of pedestrians passing the road on a roundabout entry leg has been both simulated and calculated by the network, and the results were compared. A correlation of 94% was achieved after both training and validation steps. Finally, tests were performed to identify the main parameters that influence the estimated crossing time.

ACS Style

Chiara Gruden; Irena Otković; Matjaž Šraml. Neural Networks Applied to Microsimulation: A Prediction Model for Pedestrian Crossing Time. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5355 .

AMA Style

Chiara Gruden, Irena Otković, Matjaž Šraml. Neural Networks Applied to Microsimulation: A Prediction Model for Pedestrian Crossing Time. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5355.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Gruden; Irena Otković; Matjaž Šraml. 2020. "Neural Networks Applied to Microsimulation: A Prediction Model for Pedestrian Crossing Time." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5355.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2019 in Forests
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The objective of this paper is the computational and experimental study of the fracture behavior of spruce wood under quasi-static loading conditions during a three-point bending test. The experimental tests were performed on the electronic testing machine Zwick Z100 (Zwick-Roell GmbH & Co. KG, Ulm, Germany) with displacement control, according to the standard International Standard Organisation (ISO) 13061-4: 2014. The specimens were made of Norway spruce (Picea abies) wood, with dimensions of 25 mm × 25 mm in cross-section and 549 mm in length. Six tests were performed for each orientation (radial and tangential) of the wood fibres. Based on the experimental results, the computational model was created and validated by considering the mechanical responses in two different directions due to the orientation of the wood fibres. An orthotropic material model with damage evolution was selected as the computational model. The computational model was validated using the inverse procedure for the determination of the constitutive material parameters, including the damage parameters of three-point bending test specimens. A finite element method (FEM) in the framework of program package ABAQUS was used for the computational simulation, while the open code Optimax was used for the optimization procedure. Comparison between the experimental and computational force vs. the displacement response showed a very good correlation in the results for the spruce wood specimens under three-point bending tests, with Pearson′s correlation coefficient of r = 0.994 for the tangential and r = 0.988 for the radial orientation. Therefore, validation of the proposed computational model was confirmed, and can be used further in numerical simulations of the fatigue behavior of wood specimens.

ACS Style

Gorazd Fajdiga; Denis Rajh; Branko Nečemer; Srečko Glodež; Matjaž Šraml. Experimental and Numerical Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Spruce Wood. Forests 2019, 10, 1140 .

AMA Style

Gorazd Fajdiga, Denis Rajh, Branko Nečemer, Srečko Glodež, Matjaž Šraml. Experimental and Numerical Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Spruce Wood. Forests. 2019; 10 (12):1140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gorazd Fajdiga; Denis Rajh; Branko Nečemer; Srečko Glodež; Matjaž Šraml. 2019. "Experimental and Numerical Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Spruce Wood." Forests 10, no. 12: 1140.

Book
Published: 30 October 2018 in University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Matjaž Šraml. University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture. University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Matjaž Šraml. University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture. University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matjaž Šraml. 2018. "University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture." University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture , no. : 1.