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Ecosystem services (ESs) is a term used to describe the foundations of the well-being of human society, and several relevant studies have been carried out in this area. However, given the fact that the complex trade-offs/synergy relationships of ESs are a challenging area, studies on matching mechanisms for ES supply and demand are still rare. In this study, using the InVEST model, ArcGIS, and other professional tools, we first mapped and quantitatively evaluated the supply and demand of five ES types (water yield, soil conservation, carbon retention, food supply, and leisure and entertainment) in Hangzhou, China, based on land use, meteorology, soil, and socio-economic data. Then, we analyzed the matching characteristics between the supply and demand of these ESs and analyzed the complex trade-offs and synergy between the supply and demand of ESs and factors affecting ESs. The results of this analysis indicate that although the ES supply and demand of carbon retention tended to be out of balance (supply was less than demand), the supply and demand of the other four ES types (i.e., water yield, soil conservation, food supply, and leisure and entertainment) were in balance (supply exceeded demand). Finally, the spatial heterogeneity of the supply and demand of ESs in Hangzhou was significant, especially in urban areas in the northeast and mountainous areas in the southwest. The supply of ESs was based on trade-offs, whereas the demand of ESs was based on synergy. Our results further show that the supply and demand of ESs in the urban area in Hangzhou were out of balance, whereas the supply and demand of ESs in the western region were coordinated. Therefore, the linkage of ES flows between this urban area and the western region should be strengthened. This innovative study could provide useful information for regional land use planning and environmental protection.
Peng Tian; Jialin Li; Luodan Cao; Ruiliang Pu; Hongbo Gong; Haitao Zhang; Huilin Chen; Xiaodong Yang. Assessing Matching Characteristics and Spatial Differences between Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services: A Case Study in Hangzhou, China. Land 2021, 10, 582 .
AMA StylePeng Tian, Jialin Li, Luodan Cao, Ruiliang Pu, Hongbo Gong, Haitao Zhang, Huilin Chen, Xiaodong Yang. Assessing Matching Characteristics and Spatial Differences between Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services: A Case Study in Hangzhou, China. Land. 2021; 10 (6):582.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng Tian; Jialin Li; Luodan Cao; Ruiliang Pu; Hongbo Gong; Haitao Zhang; Huilin Chen; Xiaodong Yang. 2021. "Assessing Matching Characteristics and Spatial Differences between Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services: A Case Study in Hangzhou, China." Land 10, no. 6: 582.
Carrying out coastal wetland landscape simulations and current and future ecological risk assessments is conducive to formulating policies for coastal wetland landscape planning and promoting the coordinated development of the social economy and ecological environment. This study used the Cellular Automaton (CA)–Markov model to simulate the landscape data of the study area under different scenarios in 2021 and 2025, and built an ecological risk assessment (ERS) index model to analyze the differences of spatio-temporal characteristics of ecological risks. The results showed that: (1) The test accuracy of the CA–Markov model was 0.9562 after passing through the consistency test. The spatial distribution data of landscapes under current utilization scenarios (CUSs), natural development scenarios (NDSs), and ecological protection scenarios (EPSs) were gained through simulations. (2) During 1991–2025, the landscape types of Yancheng coastal wetlands undertake complicated transfers and have vast transfer regions. Under CUSs and NDSs, a large number of natural wetlands are transferred to artificial wetlands. Under EPSs, the area of artificial wetlands declines and artificial wetlands are mainly transferred to natural wetlands. (3) The ecological risk of Yancheng Coastal Wetland increases, accompanied with significant spatial heterogeneity, which is manifested as low in the north area and high in the south area, and there exist some differences between sea areas and land areas. Ecological risk levels transfer violently.
Peng Tian; Luodan Cao; Jialin Li; Ruiliang Pu; Hongbo Gong; Changda Li. Landscape Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment Based on Multi-Scenario Simulations: A Case Study of Yancheng Coastal Wetland, China. Sustainability 2020, 13, 149 .
AMA StylePeng Tian, Luodan Cao, Jialin Li, Ruiliang Pu, Hongbo Gong, Changda Li. Landscape Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment Based on Multi-Scenario Simulations: A Case Study of Yancheng Coastal Wetland, China. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):149.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng Tian; Luodan Cao; Jialin Li; Ruiliang Pu; Hongbo Gong; Changda Li. 2020. "Landscape Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment Based on Multi-Scenario Simulations: A Case Study of Yancheng Coastal Wetland, China." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 149.
The landscape grain effect reflects the spatial heterogeneity of a landscape and it is used as a research core of landscape ecology. The landscape grain effect can be used to not only explore spatiotemporal variation characteristics of a landscape pattern, but also to disclose variation laws of ecological structures and functions of landscapes. In this study, the sensitivity of landscape pattern indexes to grain sizes 50-1000 m was studied based on landscape data in Yancheng Coastal Wetland acquired in 1991, 2000, 2008, and 2017. Response of the grain effect to landscape changes was analyzed and an optimal grain size for analysis in the study area was determined. Results indicated that: (1) among 27 indexes (12 in a class level and 15 in a landscape level), eight indexes were highly sensitive to grains, ten indexes presented moderate sensitivity, eight indexes presented low sensitivity, and one was unresponsive. It was shown that the area-margin index and the shape index were more sensitive to the different grain sizes. The aggregation index had some differences in the grain size change, and the diversity index had a low response degree to the grain size. (2) Landscape indexes showed six different responses to different grains, including slow reduced response, fast reduced and then slow reduced response, monotonically increased response, fluctuating reduced response, up-down responses, and stable response, which indicated that the landscape index was closely related to the spatial grain. (3) From 1991 to 2017, variation curves of the landscape grain size of different landscape types could be divided into four types: fluctuation rising type, fluctuation type, monotonous decreasing type, and monotonous rising type. Different grain size curves had different interpretations of landscape changes, but in general, Yancheng Coastal Wetland's landscape tended to be fragmented and complicated, internal connectivity was weakened, and dominant landscape area was reduced. Natural wetlands were more sensitive to grain size effects than artificial wetlands. (4) The landscape index at the 50 m grain size had a strong response to different grain size changes, and the loss of landscape information was the smallest. Therefore, it was determined that the optimal landscape grain size in the study area was 50 m.
Peng Tian; Luodan Cao; Jialin Li; Ruiliang Pu; Xiaoli Shi; Lijia Wang; Ruiqing Liu; Hao Xu; Chen Tong; Zijing Zhou; Shuyao Shao. Landscape Grain Effect in Yancheng Coastal Wetland and Its Response to Landscape Changes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 2225 .
AMA StylePeng Tian, Luodan Cao, Jialin Li, Ruiliang Pu, Xiaoli Shi, Lijia Wang, Ruiqing Liu, Hao Xu, Chen Tong, Zijing Zhou, Shuyao Shao. Landscape Grain Effect in Yancheng Coastal Wetland and Its Response to Landscape Changes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (12):2225.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng Tian; Luodan Cao; Jialin Li; Ruiliang Pu; Xiaoli Shi; Lijia Wang; Ruiqing Liu; Hao Xu; Chen Tong; Zijing Zhou; Shuyao Shao. 2019. "Landscape Grain Effect in Yancheng Coastal Wetland and Its Response to Landscape Changes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12: 2225.
Studying land use changes and ecological risk assessment in Yongjiang River Basin in Zhejiang Province, China, provides theoretical references for optimal configuration of land resources and maintaining stability of ecosystems. Given impacts of land use changes on landscape patterns in the Yongjiang River Basin, ecological risk assessment indexes were constructed and used to analyze temporal and spatial variation characteristics of ecological risk within different periods. Results show that (1) the construction land area was increased quickly, while the cultivated area decreased sharply. A prominent characteristic of land use changes was manifested by transforming cultivated area and forestland into construction land. The utilized degree of the land increased continuously. Spatially, the land utilized degree in northern regions was higher than that in southern regions and the degree in eastern regions was higher than that in western regions. (2) The ecological risk in the Yongjiang River Basin was intensified and the area of high ecological risk was expanded by 893.96 km2. Regions with low and relatively low ecological risks concentrated in western and southern regions of the Basin, whereas regions with high ecological risks were mainly in northern and eastern regions. Landscapes in cities and towns at a high economic development level are highly sensitive to human activities. (3) Transformation of ecological risk is complicated. Land area with the ecological risk changing from a low level to a high level was 4.15 times that with the ecological risk changing from a high level to a low level. There were 15 transformation directions among different ecological risk regions.
Peng Tian; Jialin Li; Hongbo Gong; Ruiliang Pu; Luodan Cao; Shuyao Shao; Zuoqi Shi; Xiuli Feng; Lijia Wang; Riuqing Liu. Research on Land Use Changes and Ecological Risk Assessment in Yongjiang River Basin in Zhejiang Province, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2817 .
AMA StylePeng Tian, Jialin Li, Hongbo Gong, Ruiliang Pu, Luodan Cao, Shuyao Shao, Zuoqi Shi, Xiuli Feng, Lijia Wang, Riuqing Liu. Research on Land Use Changes and Ecological Risk Assessment in Yongjiang River Basin in Zhejiang Province, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (10):2817.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng Tian; Jialin Li; Hongbo Gong; Ruiliang Pu; Luodan Cao; Shuyao Shao; Zuoqi Shi; Xiuli Feng; Lijia Wang; Riuqing Liu. 2019. "Research on Land Use Changes and Ecological Risk Assessment in Yongjiang River Basin in Zhejiang Province, China." Sustainability 11, no. 10: 2817.