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The contribution of local communities has become widely recognized as a better alternative in forest management than the traditional command-based control approach. However, several years later of implementation, most programs were failed due to a lack of community participation, imposing an uncertain future for community forestry. This paper examines rural Sri Lankans’ participation intention in community forestry (CF) program by using the Probit regression model. Randomly selected 300 individuals representing both CF members and non-CF members were interviewed for the study. The study results indicate that rural residents’ intention in future CF program negatively correlated with the participation status (CF membership) of individuals. Accordingly, CF members show less participation intention in future CF program than non-CF members. Socio-economic variables such as education level (p< 0.01) and the occupation of head of the household (p< 0.05) and total household income (p< 0.01) have significant influences on individuals’ participation intention in CF. In addition, non-monetary benefits derived from CF and perception on the product regulation and conflict mitigation are also appeared to significantly and positively affect villagers’ intention. The findings also revealed the knowledge gap on the purpose of the CF program and CF policy design. Hence, require immediate attention to improve awareness. Moreover, failure to raise local people’s participation intention in CF may indicate inadequate or ineffective government policies. Therefore, the Department of Forest Conservation should take sound measures to ensure that community-based forest management policies are consistently implemented at different administrative levels across the country and its rightness should be evaluated strictly.
E. Ekanayake; Yi Xie; Shahzad Ahmad. Rural Residents’ Participation Intention in Community Forestry-Challenge and Prospect of Community Forestry in Sri Lanka. Forests 2021, 12, 1050 .
AMA StyleE. Ekanayake, Yi Xie, Shahzad Ahmad. Rural Residents’ Participation Intention in Community Forestry-Challenge and Prospect of Community Forestry in Sri Lanka. Forests. 2021; 12 (8):1050.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Ekanayake; Yi Xie; Shahzad Ahmad. 2021. "Rural Residents’ Participation Intention in Community Forestry-Challenge and Prospect of Community Forestry in Sri Lanka." Forests 12, no. 8: 1050.
Yaxin Zhang; Bo Zhang; Yi Xie. Can Protected Area Have Positive Effects on Community Livelihood?–Evidence from Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve, China. Journal of Forest Economics 2021, 36, 53 -77.
AMA StyleYaxin Zhang, Bo Zhang, Yi Xie. Can Protected Area Have Positive Effects on Community Livelihood?–Evidence from Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve, China. Journal of Forest Economics. 2021; 36 (1-2):53-77.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYaxin Zhang; Bo Zhang; Yi Xie. 2021. "Can Protected Area Have Positive Effects on Community Livelihood?–Evidence from Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve, China." Journal of Forest Economics 36, no. 1-2: 53-77.
Despite passionate efforts to preserve African elephants worldwide, their numbers continue to decline. Some conservation programs have suspended operations because the funds provided by various governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) cannot cover the enormous expenses of countering poaching, habitat destruction, and illegal ivory trading. This study investigates Chinese resident preferences for African elephant conservation using a choice experiment model. Results indicated that two-thirds of our 442 respondents with relatively higher education and income levels were willing to donate to conserve African elephants. Respondents were willing to donate RMB 1593.80 (USD 231.65) annually to African elephant conservation. Chinese residents were willing to donate the most to anti-poaching RMB 641.25 (USD 93.20), followed by enhancing habitat quality RMB 359.07 (USD 52.22), combating the illegal trade in ivory RMB 355.63 (USD 51.69), and alleviating human–elephant conflicts RMB 237.85 (USD 34.57). Our results suggest that accepting public donations could be an efficient way for NGOs to better preserve African elephants.
Shuokai Wang; Zhen Cai; Yuxuan Hu; Giuseppe T. Cirella; Yi Xie. Chinese Resident Preferences for African Elephant Conservation: Choice Experiment. Diversity 2020, 12, 453 .
AMA StyleShuokai Wang, Zhen Cai, Yuxuan Hu, Giuseppe T. Cirella, Yi Xie. Chinese Resident Preferences for African Elephant Conservation: Choice Experiment. Diversity. 2020; 12 (12):453.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuokai Wang; Zhen Cai; Yuxuan Hu; Giuseppe T. Cirella; Yi Xie. 2020. "Chinese Resident Preferences for African Elephant Conservation: Choice Experiment." Diversity 12, no. 12: 453.
Sri Lanka’s community forestry (CF) program emerged in the early 1980s following a global trend to conserve forest resources and provide benefits to the local community. However, very little is known about the effect of CF on forest resources. We assess the impacts of CF on forest conditions of semi-mixed evergreen forest in the intermediate zone of Sri Lanka using the before-after control-impact method. The study examines tree density, regeneration, woody species diversity, and evidence of disturbance as parameters to analyze the impact of the CF program. Data are analyzed using the difference in differences approach. The results show that the CF program has increased seedling and sapling density to a significant degree and reduced human disturbances. A major contribution of the CF program is that it was found to reduce invasive species and forest fires. The program reduced the amount of invasive species up to six times less than previous. The findings revealed that the impact of CF on forests may vary depending on pre-existing forest conditions, length of period to implement, perception, and decisions by local people. Community understanding and decision-making, in tandem with government policy, will weigh heavily on its future effectiveness.
E. M. B. P. Ekanayake; G. T. Cirella; Yi Xie. Impacts of community forestry on forest condition: Evidence from Sri Lanka’s intermediate zone. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0239405 .
AMA StyleE. M. B. P. Ekanayake, G. T. Cirella, Yi Xie. Impacts of community forestry on forest condition: Evidence from Sri Lanka’s intermediate zone. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (9):e0239405.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. M. B. P. Ekanayake; G. T. Cirella; Yi Xie. 2020. "Impacts of community forestry on forest condition: Evidence from Sri Lanka’s intermediate zone." PLOS ONE 15, no. 9: e0239405.
Landscape resource assessment of compound ecological system is the basic condition for planning various management activities. After field survey and obtaining landscape photos of the Badaling region, we built the evaluation system of landscape resources. Then, we recruited people to evaluate the indicators of different scenic spots with evaluation system and overall evaluation by scenic beauty estimation method (SBE). The results showed that A01 and A05 gave a good impression to tourists from the point of view of scenic spots. Judging from the evaluation indicators, the entire region had a high score in geological landscape, while some of the scenic spots had low scores in humanity landscape. Overall evaluation has better practicability for the area with better landscape. The two evaluation methods are consistent in evaluating good landscape by SBE, through analyzing the main reasons for the differences in evaluation. The results and methodology can benefit landscape resource assessments as well as provide support on planning and management for compound ecological system.
Lichun Mo; Jiancheng Chen; Yi Xie. Assessment of landscape resource using the scenic beauty estimation method at compound ecological system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 28, 5892 -5899.
AMA StyleLichun Mo, Jiancheng Chen, Yi Xie. Assessment of landscape resource using the scenic beauty estimation method at compound ecological system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 28 (5):5892-5899.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLichun Mo; Jiancheng Chen; Yi Xie. 2020. "Assessment of landscape resource using the scenic beauty estimation method at compound ecological system." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 5: 5892-5899.
The community forestry (CF) program in Sri Lanka came forth in the early 1980 s following a global trend to conserve forest resources and provide benefits to the local community. However, very little is known about the role of CF on livelihoods in Sri Lanka. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of the newly implemented CF program on community livelihoods in the intermediate zone of Sri Lanka by using a before-after control impact (BACI) design. Data were collected from 450 households and analyzed using the difference-indifference (DID) method. The results show that the CF program has improved livelihoods, with a significant (p < .001) positive effect on household conditions, income from livestock and non-timber forest products, savings, loans, state landholdings, informal education, trust, and collective aid actions. However, the increase in the number of CF members and the increase of demand for state land may threaten the future sustainability of the CF program. Despite, the CF program demonstrating very promising results in terms of livelihood improvement, more efforts are still needed to encourage alternative income sources to enable future generations to be less dependent on the forest.
E.M.B.P Ekanayake; Yi Xie; Shahzad Ahmad; R.P. Geldard; A.H.S. Nissanka. Community Forestry for livelihood Improvement: evidence from the intermediate zone, Sri lanka. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 2020, 1 -17.
AMA StyleE.M.B.P Ekanayake, Yi Xie, Shahzad Ahmad, R.P. Geldard, A.H.S. Nissanka. Community Forestry for livelihood Improvement: evidence from the intermediate zone, Sri lanka. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 2020; ():1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE.M.B.P Ekanayake; Yi Xie; Shahzad Ahmad; R.P. Geldard; A.H.S. Nissanka. 2020. "Community Forestry for livelihood Improvement: evidence from the intermediate zone, Sri lanka." Journal of Sustainable Forestry , no. : 1-17.
In this study, the forest landscape in the Beijing mountain area is assessed using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs model. The results showed the natural forests have higher functional capital than the planted forests and different species contribute to different ecological functions. Specifically, Larix gmelinii forests have the highest water resources and soil conservation function which are about 334.14 m3 hm−2 year−1 and 115.92 t hm−2 year−1; Betula allegansis forests have the highest carbon storage and biodiversity function which are about 128.46 t hm−2 year−1 and 0.76. Besides soil, water is conserved more within coniferous forests than within broadleaf forests. Carbon sequestration and the functional capacity for biodiversity within a unit area of coniferous forests are much smaller than those within a unit area of a broadleaf forest. Previous studies highlight the forest management strategies will influence the ecosystem functions while in the current studies we also found the species option during the afforestation is equally important and protecting of the natural forests is more important than afforestation for maintaining the ecological functional capitals.
Lichun Mo; Jiakai Liu; Jiancheng Chen; Yi Xie. Quantifying ecosystem services of dominate forests in the Beijing mountain area. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 27773 -27785.
AMA StyleLichun Mo, Jiakai Liu, Jiancheng Chen, Yi Xie. Quantifying ecosystem services of dominate forests in the Beijing mountain area. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (22):27773-27785.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLichun Mo; Jiakai Liu; Jiancheng Chen; Yi Xie. 2020. "Quantifying ecosystem services of dominate forests in the Beijing mountain area." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 22: 27773-27785.
In the last decade, despite considerable research developed for the forestland leasing market, little has been published in terms of econometric results on determinants of intentions and behaviors of Chinese farmers. With respect to leasing forestland, this study uses a Bayesian logit model to examine the factors that influence farmers’ intentions, using household data collected in one county in 2017. The results show that farmers’ past experience of leasing forestlands have significant impacts on their leasing intentions. Once farmers participated in leasing in or leasing out forestland in the last five years, it was shown that they will have stronger intentions of doing so in the future. Farmers will neither lease in or out forestland if the leasing profits are less than the profits originated from forestland management. As such, household head age, household population, proportion of income from nonfarm sources to total income, and security of rights to forestland use are significant factors in influencing farmers’ decisions on leasing in forestland. On the other hand, household head age and educational level, proportion of income from nonfarm sources to total income, and importance of forestland in terms of inheritance are significant factors in influencing farmers’ decisions on leasing it out. Results imply that institutional and market factors, which have impacts on transaction costs, are important for farmers in making decisions on forestland leases. Policy implications to reduce institutional intervention are discussed.
Xiaoyong Li; Giuseppe T. Cirella; Yali Wen; Yi Xie. Farmers’ Intentions to Lease Forestland: Evidence from Rural China. Land 2020, 9, 78 .
AMA StyleXiaoyong Li, Giuseppe T. Cirella, Yali Wen, Yi Xie. Farmers’ Intentions to Lease Forestland: Evidence from Rural China. Land. 2020; 9 (3):78.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoyong Li; Giuseppe T. Cirella; Yali Wen; Yi Xie. 2020. "Farmers’ Intentions to Lease Forestland: Evidence from Rural China." Land 9, no. 3: 78.
Forest plantations have expanded rapidly in response to financial support from the state and local governments and have had significant positive impacts on rural livelihoods and development in Vietnam, since the late 1980s. This study used net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) to examine the economic performance of plantations for three species, Acacia mangium Willd, Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake × Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn), and Manglietia conifera Dandy, in Bac Kan province. On the basis of an annual discount rate of 6%, the results showed that rural households earned positive financial returns from forest plantations with seven-year rotations. Eucalyptus generated the highest NPV but A. mangium generated the greatest IRR. The plantations were facilitated by financial support from the state, land tenure reforms, and wood exports. The results provide valuable business information and policy implications for both local farmers and policy makers. Since the farmers consider more of the short term and economic return of the plantations, the results provide valuable information for policy makers to apply subsidies and other support to promote plantations with significant ecological and environmental benefits for sustainable development of rural economies.
Tran Cuong; Tran Thi Quy Chinh; Yaoqi Zhang; Yi Xie. Economic Performance of Forest Plantations in Vietnam: Eucalyptus, Acacia mangium, and Manglietia conifera. Forests 2020, 11, 284 .
AMA StyleTran Cuong, Tran Thi Quy Chinh, Yaoqi Zhang, Yi Xie. Economic Performance of Forest Plantations in Vietnam: Eucalyptus, Acacia mangium, and Manglietia conifera. Forests. 2020; 11 (3):284.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTran Cuong; Tran Thi Quy Chinh; Yaoqi Zhang; Yi Xie. 2020. "Economic Performance of Forest Plantations in Vietnam: Eucalyptus, Acacia mangium, and Manglietia conifera." Forests 11, no. 3: 284.
Invasive alien plants (IAPs) are a significant cause of socio-ecological change in Sri Lanka. Many studies have focused on the ecological dimensions of this problem, but few have addressed sociological factors such as the knowledge and perceptions of individuals and groups tasked with addressing IAPs. This study investigates how IAP issues are understood and perceived by professional forest and wildlife officers in Sri Lanka. The data analyzed were gathered using a questionnaire that covered three themes: the respondents’ ability to identify IAPs, the impacts of IAPs and the threats they pose, and knowledge regarding control and mitigation. The questionnaire was completed by 186 field officers, and the resulting descriptive statistics and a probit regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results show that almost all of the participating forest and wildlife officers were aware of the problems associated with IAPs but more than 75% of them lacked an accurate understanding of scientific means for controlling them and control policies established by the government of Sri Lanka. Generally, wildlife officers had a better understanding than forest officers. In addition, the analysis shows that officers’ knowledge and perceptions of IAPs were positively correlated with their level of education and position within the organization. The analysis points to several recommendations for Sri Lankan officials when designing and implementing comprehensive policies and professional programs, particularly for lower-level field officers.
E.M.B.P. Ekanayake; Yi Xie; Abubakar Sadiq Ibrahim; N.T.P. Karunaratne; Shahzad Ahmad. Effective governance for management of invasive alien plants: evidence from the perspective of forest and wildlife officers in Sri Lanka. PeerJ 2020, 8, e8343 .
AMA StyleE.M.B.P. Ekanayake, Yi Xie, Abubakar Sadiq Ibrahim, N.T.P. Karunaratne, Shahzad Ahmad. Effective governance for management of invasive alien plants: evidence from the perspective of forest and wildlife officers in Sri Lanka. PeerJ. 2020; 8 ():e8343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE.M.B.P. Ekanayake; Yi Xie; Abubakar Sadiq Ibrahim; N.T.P. Karunaratne; Shahzad Ahmad. 2020. "Effective governance for management of invasive alien plants: evidence from the perspective of forest and wildlife officers in Sri Lanka." PeerJ 8, no. : e8343.
Land speculation that occurs on the urban border can be very problematic to the healthy development of cities—critical to economic growth. Speculative land investors, concerned with profits from trading in landed property, can especially affect developing countries where regulation is often poorly controlled and overly bureaucratic. An investigation into the factors motivating land speculators operating in the urban fringe of the city of Shashemene, Ethiopia is examined. The paper, in addition to contributing to the literature, is the second-known attempt and extension of the authors’ pilot research to study the behavior of land speculators in the urban fringe of a growing Ethiopian city. A theoretical framework and conceptual breakdown are put together with historical reference to early land speculation examples. Two questionnaires were separately administered with a representative random sample of 159 members from the local land developer association (i.e., investors) and 24 senior officials from the study area. A principal component analysis categorized the most significant dynamics in controlling land speculation procurements. Results indicated motivational reasoning as the prime cause for speculative activities. Evidence indicated that land speculation is a critical dynamic for self-worth especially with business-oriented persons. Entropy, the disorder of the communicative data, suggests a possible rethinking of the way government should intervene in the urban property market. As such, developmental smart cities in Ethiopia must thoroughly consider the dynamisms of speculative activities and its effects on local housing as it moves forward–in the 2020s.
Bedane S. Gemeda; Birhanu G. Abebe; Andrzej Paczoski; Yi Xie; Giuseppe T. Cirella. What Motivates Speculators to Speculate? Entropy 2019, 22, 59 .
AMA StyleBedane S. Gemeda, Birhanu G. Abebe, Andrzej Paczoski, Yi Xie, Giuseppe T. Cirella. What Motivates Speculators to Speculate? Entropy. 2019; 22 (1):59.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBedane S. Gemeda; Birhanu G. Abebe; Andrzej Paczoski; Yi Xie; Giuseppe T. Cirella. 2019. "What Motivates Speculators to Speculate?" Entropy 22, no. 1: 59.
Nature reserves (NRs) are complex social-ecological systems (SESs). In China, many collective forests (CFs), owned by villagers, are bound within NRs. This paper aimed at carrying out a dynamic analysis of three case studies of CF management based on Ostrom’s SES conceptual framework. The hybrid psycho-economic model is designed within this context and tested. Results indicate that CF management is determined jointly by the interaction of all levels of governance based on subsystem characteristics (i.e., resource system, resource units, and actor system) specific to the local social, economic, and political settings. Use of the hybrid psycho-economic model compares one classified harmonious NR scenario with two conflictual ones. The model indicated the scenario with the harmonious NR as having less CF value at the resource level, less dependence on villagers for CF resources, stronger environmental awareness, lower levels of involvement from new actors, overarching governance control (i.e., by the NR administration), greater levels of self-organization (i.e., within villages), and augmented economic compensation and regulation from outside influences. The conflict-oriented NRs mostly revealed opposite sets of interaction. Different public policies, including the ecosystem service payment, are recommended for improving management of CFs in NRs.
Yi Xie; Yali Wen; Giuseppe T. Cirella. Application of Ostrom’s Social-Ecological Systems Framework in Nature Reserves: Hybrid Psycho-Economic Model of Collective Forest Management. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6929 .
AMA StyleYi Xie, Yali Wen, Giuseppe T. Cirella. Application of Ostrom’s Social-Ecological Systems Framework in Nature Reserves: Hybrid Psycho-Economic Model of Collective Forest Management. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):6929.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi Xie; Yali Wen; Giuseppe T. Cirella. 2019. "Application of Ostrom’s Social-Ecological Systems Framework in Nature Reserves: Hybrid Psycho-Economic Model of Collective Forest Management." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 6929.
Eco-labeling of products such as ivory contributes to conservation of wildlife species and is most effective when potential consumers of such products are made aware of the threats to wildlife and protections associated with the labels. This paper investigates factors affecting citizens’ perceptions of China’s eco-labeling system for elephant ivory, which was established in 2004, using unique datasets collected in 2015 and 2017. The results indicate that citizens in China have little understanding of the ivory-labeling system. <10% of the participants were aware of the three accreditation subsystems for ivory products regulating manufacturers, retailers, and the products and only about 20% were familiar with one subsystem. The results of Bayesian logit models show that citizens’ demographic and other characteristics are significantly correlated with their knowledge of the labeling system for elephant ivory, and the effects varied for the 2015 and 2017 samples. The one consistent influence was income level, which had similar significant and positive impacts in all of the models. The temporal coefficients reflecting changes in awareness between 2015 and 2017 were not significant, indicating that knowledge of the ivory-labeling system did not increase overall during that period. Our results indicate that significantly greater outreach is needed for China’s ivory-labeling system so citizens can consistently play a role in ridding the market of illegal ivory products and regulating noncommercial ivory trading. Special attention should be given to groups of citizens who have relatively little education, income, and awareness of wildlife conservation efforts.
Yi Xie. Ecological labeling and wildlife conservation: Citizens’ perceptions of the elephant ivory-labeling system in China. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 702, 134709 .
AMA StyleYi Xie. Ecological labeling and wildlife conservation: Citizens’ perceptions of the elephant ivory-labeling system in China. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 702 ():134709.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi Xie. 2019. "Ecological labeling and wildlife conservation: Citizens’ perceptions of the elephant ivory-labeling system in China." Science of The Total Environment 702, no. : 134709.
The conflicts between nature reserves and surrounding communities are attracting growing attention. These conflicts, through complexities of resource, socio-economic, and governance conditions, are produced through interactive processes. We report a case study of Taibai Mountain National Nature Reserve in Shaanxi, China, where we employ Ostrom's Social and Ecological System framework and conflict theory, in context of a high motivation of investment in rural China. The results reveal that social and ecological systems in each of the three examined villages were varied with respect to natural resource systems and units, actors, governance, and degrees of reserve-village conflicts. The competing interests of using reserve resources for both conservation and tourism generated a high level of conflict in Hetaoping Village. Changhushan village showed low levels of conflict. This was due to a polycentric governance system with strong self-organization and networking processes, along with well-planned investment and rational harvesting of natural resources outside the nature reserve. This allowed Changhushan to utilize their resources in multiple ways, with relatively lower conflict. Dali village had medium level of conflict. Upon the reserve's creation, the government had included the village's forest within the reserve without feasible economic compensation or effective means of conflict resolution. These decisions have severely limited the capacity of the current nature reserve administration. Our study indicated that nature reserves and their surrounding villages could coexist well when polycentric governance played roles in both curbing emerging conflicts and solving existing ones. We discuss policy implications to foster environmentally friendly economies and polycentric governance for all village's social and ecological systems.
Yaxin Zhang; Yuxuan Hu; Bo Zhang; Yixin Li; Xinyu Zhang; Yi Xie. Conflict between nature reserves and surrounding communities in China: An empirical study based on a social and ecological system framework. Global Ecology and Conservation 2019, 21, e00804 .
AMA StyleYaxin Zhang, Yuxuan Hu, Bo Zhang, Yixin Li, Xinyu Zhang, Yi Xie. Conflict between nature reserves and surrounding communities in China: An empirical study based on a social and ecological system framework. Global Ecology and Conservation. 2019; 21 ():e00804.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYaxin Zhang; Yuxuan Hu; Bo Zhang; Yixin Li; Xinyu Zhang; Yi Xie. 2019. "Conflict between nature reserves and surrounding communities in China: An empirical study based on a social and ecological system framework." Global Ecology and Conservation 21, no. : e00804.
Ecotourism has a high potential impact on remote communities, by improving economic opportunity and natural resources conservation, and is increasingly accepted as an alternative livelihood for rural people. This study examines ecotourism development from the perspective of participation and economic impact for the Bousra people in Cambodia. A total of 237 households were selected as the sample size. Data collection was carried out with face-to-face interviews and analyzed using logistic regression and ordinary least square methods. Results revealed that local households depend mostly on agriculture (i.e., crop plantation and farming) and utilize ecotourism as a secondary source of income. Most households acknowledged ecotourism had a positive impact on environmental, social, and economic perspectives, while some signaled negative backlash due to depleted natural resources and impact on local culture. Household participation in ecotourism was not significantly affected from assistance issued by government or non-governmental organizations. However, causal relationships were found based on household demographic factors, attitude to environmental conservation, and village life. It was shown that the percentage of people involvement in ecotourism is high, but their income percentage is low due to education, skill, and capacity to expand. As a low-impact alternative to standard commercial tourism, community-based ecotourism has potential in becoming a transformative form of economics for local communities.
Marin Kim; Yi Xie; Giuseppe T. Cirella. Sustainable Transformative Economy: Community-Based Ecotourism. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4977 .
AMA StyleMarin Kim, Yi Xie, Giuseppe T. Cirella. Sustainable Transformative Economy: Community-Based Ecotourism. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (18):4977.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarin Kim; Yi Xie; Giuseppe T. Cirella. 2019. "Sustainable Transformative Economy: Community-Based Ecotourism." Sustainability 11, no. 18: 4977.
To assist conservationists and policymakers in managing and protecting forests in Beijing from the effects of climate change, this study predicts changes for 2012–2112 in habitable areas of three tree species—Betula platyphylla, Quercus palustris, Platycladus orientalis, plus other mixed broadleaf species—in Beijing using a classification and regression tree niche model under the International Panel on Climate Change’s A2 and B2 emissions scenarios (SRES). The results show that climate change will increase annual average temperatures in the Beijing area by 2.0–4.7 °C, and annual precipitation by 4.7–8.5 mm, depending on the emissions scenario used. These changes result in shifts in the range of each of the species. New suitable areas for distributions of B. platyphylla and Q. palustris will decrease in the future. The model points to significant shifts in the distributions of these species, withdrawing from their current ranges and pushing southward towards central Beijing. Most of the ranges decline during the initial 2012–2040 period before shifting southward and ending up larger overall at the end of the 88-year period. The mixed broadleaf forests expand their ranges significantly. The P. orientalis forests, on the other hand, expand their range marginally. The results indicate that climate change and its effects will accelerate significantly in Beijing over the next 88 years. Water stress is likely to be a major limiting factor on the distribution of forests and the most important factor affecting migration of species into and out of existing nature reserves. There is a potential for the extinction of some species. Therefore, long-term vegetation monitoring and warning systems will be needed to protect local species from habitat loss and genetic swamping of native species by hybrids.
Lichun Mo; Jiakai Liu; Hui Zhang; Yi Xie. The predicted effects of climate change on local species distributions around Beijing, China. Journal of Forestry Research 2019, 31, 1539 -1550.
AMA StyleLichun Mo, Jiakai Liu, Hui Zhang, Yi Xie. The predicted effects of climate change on local species distributions around Beijing, China. Journal of Forestry Research. 2019; 31 (5):1539-1550.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLichun Mo; Jiakai Liu; Hui Zhang; Yi Xie. 2019. "The predicted effects of climate change on local species distributions around Beijing, China." Journal of Forestry Research 31, no. 5: 1539-1550.
To understand the local market structure of stumpage and analyze the effects of various determinants of stumpage on timber prices in Jiangxi province of China, this study develops, estimates and compares the results of global and local hedonic models of stumpage. The models are estimated using 628 transactions data of timber auctions organized by formal forest trade centres. Ordinary Least Square is used to estimate global models while semi-parametric geographically weighted regression (SGWR) for local models. The results suggest that the local (spatial) models are better fit; the influence of all (except three) determinants varies spatially, and many determinants influence stumpage positively in some locations while negatively in others. The results show that state-owned forests receive higher prices compared to private forests and neither format of auction (sealed-bid versus open) dominates in all areas. The results highlight the importance of the context in the analysis of stumpage markets. The spatial variation in the effects of determinants across diverse natural landscapes should be incorporated in the auction design and organization across geographical areas.
Xiao Han; Shashi Kant; Yi Xie. A spatial hedonic stumpage analysis of standing timber auctions in Jiangxi Province of China. Forest Policy and Economics 2018, 96, 63 -74.
AMA StyleXiao Han, Shashi Kant, Yi Xie. A spatial hedonic stumpage analysis of standing timber auctions in Jiangxi Province of China. Forest Policy and Economics. 2018; 96 ():63-74.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao Han; Shashi Kant; Yi Xie. 2018. "A spatial hedonic stumpage analysis of standing timber auctions in Jiangxi Province of China." Forest Policy and Economics 96, no. : 63-74.