Pyrimidine is a moiety that occurs in living organisms and has a variety of significant biological properties in pharmacology. Due to the easy handling of synthesis, easily available precursor, and less duration for the reaction, for the synthesis, not many technical skills are needed. All these factors attract chemists to focus more on pyrimidines. Apart from the synthesis of biological applications of pyrimidines, medicinal chemists have gathered to explore more pyrimidine scaffolds due to their interesting medicinal properties and easy targeting of various binding sites. This review delves into the diverse biological activities of compounds derived from pyrimidine during the year 2024. We have attempted to explore the growing significance of pyrimidine derivatives and provide a new path for designing new potent molecules.

5-methyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbohydrazide (1) on treatment with 4-fluorobenzaldehyde in presence of catalytic amount of acetic acid, accessed the target compound (2) with the yield of 79%. The target compound was confirmed by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, FT-IR and LCMS. In vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were carried out and compound 2 showed promising activity against B. subtilis. In addition, compound 2 was analyzed for DNA binding study. It revealed that compound 2 has a promising affinity towards DNA double helix.

A series of novel oxadiazole-imidazole scaffolds were successfully synthesized using a one-pot synthesis method. Thus, synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H, ¹³C NMR, and LC-MS techniques. The biological activities of these compounds are evaluated through in vitro studies, including anti-inflammatory activity assessed by the denaturation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. One of the compounds exhibited the most potent activity with IC₅₀ values of 25.5 µM for anti-inflammatory and 30.1 µM for antioxidant activity, surpassing the efficacy of standard drugs used in this investigation. Additionally, molecular docking studies were conducted using Human peroxiredoxin 5 revealing that the same compound demonstrated favorable binding interactions. These findings reveal that this compound is a promising candidate for further development as a drug-like candidate.