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Worldwide, the overwhelming number of man-made barriers in fluvial systems has been identified as one of the major causes of the reported staggering average declines of migratory fish. Fish passages have been shown to help mitigate such problems. Close-to-nature types of fish passages, such as bottom ramps, bypass channels, and fish ramps can be used to minimize the impact of artificial steep drops (e.g., weirs) on the migration of aquatic fauna, especially in cases of low-head barriers. This study focuses on the characterization of the flow pattern in a bottom ramp. A 3-D numerical model based on the meshless smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was successfully validated and then employed for the simulation of turbulent free-surface flow in a straight channel with complex geometry. The effects of bed roughness, channel slope, and flow rate were quantified in terms of flow depth, velocity fields, and area‒velocity ratios. During the study, several new tools were developed, leading to new functionalities in pre-processing, solver, and post-processing which increase the applicability of DualSPHysics in the field of eco-hydraulics.
Gorazd Novak; José Domínguez; Angelo Tafuni; Ana Silva; Polona Pengal; Matjaž Četina; Dušan Žagar. 3-D Numerical Study of a Bottom Ramp Fish Passage Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. Water 2021, 13, 1595 .
AMA StyleGorazd Novak, José Domínguez, Angelo Tafuni, Ana Silva, Polona Pengal, Matjaž Četina, Dušan Žagar. 3-D Numerical Study of a Bottom Ramp Fish Passage Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. Water. 2021; 13 (11):1595.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGorazd Novak; José Domínguez; Angelo Tafuni; Ana Silva; Polona Pengal; Matjaž Četina; Dušan Žagar. 2021. "3-D Numerical Study of a Bottom Ramp Fish Passage Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics." Water 13, no. 11: 1595.
Fish swimming performance is strongly influenced by flow hydrodynamics, but little is known about the relation between fine-scale fish movements and hydrodynamics based on in-situ investigations. In the presented study, we validated the etho-hydraulic fish swimming direction model presented in the River Mandal from Southern Norway, using similar behavioral and hydraulic data on salmon smolts from the River Orkla in Central Norway. The re-parametrized model explained the variation of the swimming direction of fish in the Orkla system in same degree as the original model performed in the Mandal system (R2: 84% in both cases). The transferability of the model when using it from one river to predict swimming direction in the other river was lower (R2: 21% and 26%), but nevertheless relatively high given that the two localities differed in hydraulic conditions. The analyses thus provide support for the fact that the identified hydraulic parameters and their interaction affected smolt behavior in a similar way at the two sites, but that local parametrization of the base model is required. The developed etho-hydraulic models can provide important insights into fish behavior and fish migration trajectories and can be developed into prediction models important for the future development of behavioral downstream migration solutions.
Marcell Szabo-Meszaros; Ana Silva; Kim Bærum; Henrik Baktoft; Knut Alfredsen; Richard Hedger; Finn Økland; Karl Gjelland; Hans-Petter Fjeldstad; Olle Calles; Torbjørn Forseth. Validation of a Swimming Direction Model for the Downstream Migration of Atlantic Salmon Smolts. Water 2021, 13, 1230 .
AMA StyleMarcell Szabo-Meszaros, Ana Silva, Kim Bærum, Henrik Baktoft, Knut Alfredsen, Richard Hedger, Finn Økland, Karl Gjelland, Hans-Petter Fjeldstad, Olle Calles, Torbjørn Forseth. Validation of a Swimming Direction Model for the Downstream Migration of Atlantic Salmon Smolts. Water. 2021; 13 (9):1230.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcell Szabo-Meszaros; Ana Silva; Kim Bærum; Henrik Baktoft; Knut Alfredsen; Richard Hedger; Finn Økland; Karl Gjelland; Hans-Petter Fjeldstad; Olle Calles; Torbjørn Forseth. 2021. "Validation of a Swimming Direction Model for the Downstream Migration of Atlantic Salmon Smolts." Water 13, no. 9: 1230.
Repeat spawners constitute an important component of Atlantic salmon populations, but survival of post-spawning individuals (kelts) are often compromised by anthropogenic structures such as hydropower plants (HPPs). Potential effects of HPPs include migration delays and associated increased energy depletion, which potentially results in increased overall mortality. We combined a detailed 3D hydraulic model with high-resolution 3D tracking of tagged kelts (length 73–104 cm) to obtain estimates of kelt movement through water. These estimates were then used in an energetics model to estimate hourly energy expenditure while negotiating the HPP area. Hourly kelt energy expenditure varied between 0.8 and 10.1 kJ × h−1 and was dependent on kelt length. Degree of additional energy depletion can amount to several percent of remaining energy content (our study indicates 4–5 percentage points) potentially leading to reduced post-spawning survival. In turn, this can nullify the iteroparous breeding strategy and jeopardize long-term stability and persistence of Atlantic salmon populations inhabiting HPP rivers.
Henrik Baktoft; Karl Gjelland; Marcell Szabo-Meszaros; Ana Silva; Milan Riha; Finn Økland; Knut Alfredsen; Torbjørn Forseth. Can Energy Depletion of Wild Atlantic Salmon Kelts Negotiating Hydropower Facilities Lead to Reduced Survival? Sustainability 2020, 12, 7341 .
AMA StyleHenrik Baktoft, Karl Gjelland, Marcell Szabo-Meszaros, Ana Silva, Milan Riha, Finn Økland, Knut Alfredsen, Torbjørn Forseth. Can Energy Depletion of Wild Atlantic Salmon Kelts Negotiating Hydropower Facilities Lead to Reduced Survival? Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7341.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenrik Baktoft; Karl Gjelland; Marcell Szabo-Meszaros; Ana Silva; Milan Riha; Finn Økland; Knut Alfredsen; Torbjørn Forseth. 2020. "Can Energy Depletion of Wild Atlantic Salmon Kelts Negotiating Hydropower Facilities Lead to Reduced Survival?" Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7341.
The Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei) is one of the most common cyprinids in the Iberian Peninsula, whose migratory routes are often hampered by anthropogenic barriers. Fishways might be an effective mitigation measure if they integrate designed operational characteristics that account for the biomechanical requirements of this species. Understanding the flow conditions inside the fishway, and how barbel responds to the hydrodynamics of the flow is imperative to improve free migratory routes with minimum energetic cost associated. Herein, we analyze and synthesize the main findings of research on pool-type fishways for upstream passage of the Iberian barbel and derive recommendations of design criteria for pool-type fishways for this species and others of similar biomechanics capacities. Ultimately, we identify research needs to improve upstream passage of this species.
Ana T. Silva; María Bermúdez; José M. Santos; Juan R. Rabuñal; Jerónimo Puertas. Pool-Type Fishway Design for a Potamodromous Cyprinid in the Iberian Peninsula: The Iberian Barbel—Synthesis and Future Directions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3387 .
AMA StyleAna T. Silva, María Bermúdez, José M. Santos, Juan R. Rabuñal, Jerónimo Puertas. Pool-Type Fishway Design for a Potamodromous Cyprinid in the Iberian Peninsula: The Iberian Barbel—Synthesis and Future Directions. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (8):3387.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna T. Silva; María Bermúdez; José M. Santos; Juan R. Rabuñal; Jerónimo Puertas. 2020. "Pool-Type Fishway Design for a Potamodromous Cyprinid in the Iberian Peninsula: The Iberian Barbel—Synthesis and Future Directions." Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3387.
Anthropogenic structures in rivers are major threats for fish migration and effective mitigation is imperative given the worldwide expansion of such structures. Fish behaviour is strongly influenced by hydrodynamics, but little is known on the relation between hydraulics and fish fine scale-movement. We combined 3D Computational fluid dynamics modelling (CFD) with 2D and 3D fish positioning to investigate the relation between hydrodynamics and the downstream movement of Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar). We show that fish use fine-scale flow velocity and turbulence as navigation cues of fine-scale movement behaviour. Tri-dimensional swimming speed and swimming direction can be explained by adjustments of fish to flow motion, which are linked to fish swimming mode. Fish diverge from the flow by swimming at speeds within or higher than their prolonged speeds (0.38–0.73 m s−1). Flow direction plays a pivotal role on fish swimming performance, with high upstream and downwards velocities impacting swimming the most. Turbulence is also influential, by benefiting swimming performance at low TKE (< 0.03 m2 s−2) or constraining it at higher levels. We show that fish behaviour is affected by interactions of several hydraulic variables that should be considered jointly.
Ana T. Silva; Kim M. Bærum; Richard D. Hedger; Henrik Baktoft; Hans-Petter Fjeldstad; Karl Ø. Gjelland; Finn Økland; Torbjørn Forseth. The effects of hydrodynamics on the three-dimensional downstream migratory movement of Atlantic salmon. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 705, 135773 .
AMA StyleAna T. Silva, Kim M. Bærum, Richard D. Hedger, Henrik Baktoft, Hans-Petter Fjeldstad, Karl Ø. Gjelland, Finn Økland, Torbjørn Forseth. The effects of hydrodynamics on the three-dimensional downstream migratory movement of Atlantic salmon. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 705 ():135773.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna T. Silva; Kim M. Bærum; Richard D. Hedger; Henrik Baktoft; Hans-Petter Fjeldstad; Karl Ø. Gjelland; Finn Økland; Torbjørn Forseth. 2019. "The effects of hydrodynamics on the three-dimensional downstream migratory movement of Atlantic salmon." Science of The Total Environment 705, no. : 135773.
Migration of adult European eels (Anguilla anguilla) from freshwater feeding grounds to oceanic spawning grounds is an energetically demanding process and is accompanied by dramatic physiological and behavioral changes. Humans have altered the aquatic environment (e.g., dams) and made an inherently challenging migration even more difficult; human activity is regarded as the primary driver of the collapse in eel populations. The neuroendocrine stress response is central in coping with these challenging conditions, yet little is known about how various biotic factors such as sex, parasites, and ontogeny influence (singly and via interactions) the stress response of eels. In this study, mixed-effects and linear models were used to quantify the influence of sex, parasitism (Anguillicola crassus), life stage (yellow and silver eels), and silvering stage on the stress response of eels when exposed to a standardized handling stressor. The physiological response of eels to a standardized abiotic stressor (netting confinement in air) was quantified through measurements of blood glucose and plasma cortisol. The relationships between biotic factors and the activity of gill Na+/K+-ATPase was also examined. Analyses revealed that in some instances a biotic factor acted alone while in other cases several factors interacted to influence the stress response. Blood glucose concentrations increased after exposure to the standardized stressor and remained elevated after 4 h. Variation in plasma cortisol concentrations after exposure to the stressor were found to be time dependent, which was exacerbated by life stage and parasitism condition. Males and nonparasitized silver eels had the highest Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Silvering stage was strongly positively correlated with Na+/K+-ATPase activity in female eels. Collectively, these findings confirm that the factors mediating stress responsiveness in fish are complicated and that aspects of inherent biotic variation cannot be ignored.
Ana T. Silva; Jonathan D. Midwood; Kim Aarestrup; Tom G. Pottinger; Steffen S. Madsen; Steven J. Cooke. The Influence of Sex, Parasitism, and Ontogeny on the Physiological Response of European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) to an Abiotic Stressor. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 2018, 91, 976 -986.
AMA StyleAna T. Silva, Jonathan D. Midwood, Kim Aarestrup, Tom G. Pottinger, Steffen S. Madsen, Steven J. Cooke. The Influence of Sex, Parasitism, and Ontogeny on the Physiological Response of European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) to an Abiotic Stressor. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 2018; 91 (4):976-986.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna T. Silva; Jonathan D. Midwood; Kim Aarestrup; Tom G. Pottinger; Steffen S. Madsen; Steven J. Cooke. 2018. "The Influence of Sex, Parasitism, and Ontogeny on the Physiological Response of European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) to an Abiotic Stressor." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 91, no. 4: 976-986.
J.F. Fuentes-Pérez; A.T. Silva; J.A. Tuhtan; A. García-Vega; R. Carbonell-Baeza; M. Musall; M. Kruusmaa. 3D modelling of non-uniform and turbulent flow in vertical slot fishways. Environmental Modelling & Software 2018, 99, 156 -169.
AMA StyleJ.F. Fuentes-Pérez, A.T. Silva, J.A. Tuhtan, A. García-Vega, R. Carbonell-Baeza, M. Musall, M. Kruusmaa. 3D modelling of non-uniform and turbulent flow in vertical slot fishways. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2018; 99 ():156-169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ.F. Fuentes-Pérez; A.T. Silva; J.A. Tuhtan; A. García-Vega; R. Carbonell-Baeza; M. Musall; M. Kruusmaa. 2018. "3D modelling of non-uniform and turbulent flow in vertical slot fishways." Environmental Modelling & Software 99, no. : 156-169.
Much effort has been devoted to developing, constructing and refining fish passage facilities to enable target species to pass barriers on fluvial systems, and yet, fishway science, engineering and practice remain imperfect. In this review, 17 experts from different fish passage research fields (i.e., biology, ecology, physiology, ecohydraulics, engineering) and from different continents (i.e., North and South America, Europe, Africa, Australia) identified knowledge gaps and provided a roadmap for research priorities and technical developments. Once dominated by an engineering‐focused approach, fishway science today involves a wide range of disciplines from fish behaviour to socioeconomics to complex modelling of passage prioritization options in river networks. River barrier impacts on fish migration and dispersal are currently better understood than historically, but basic ecological knowledge underpinning the need for effective fish passage in many regions of the world, including in biodiversity hotspots (e.g., equatorial Africa, South‐East Asia), remains largely unknown. Designing efficient fishways, with minimal passage delay and post‐passage impacts, requires adaptive management and continued innovation. While the use of fishways in river restoration demands a transition towards fish passage at the community scale, advances in selective fishways are also needed to manage invasive fish colonization. Because of the erroneous view in some literature and communities of practice that fish passage is largely a proven technology, improved international collaboration, information sharing, method standardization and multidisciplinary training are needed. Further development of regional expertise is needed in South America, Asia and Africa where hydropower dams are currently being planned and constructed.
Ana T. Silva; Martyn C. Lucas; Theodore Castro-Santos; Christos Katopodis; Lee Baumgartner; Jason Thiem; Kim Aarestrup; Paulo Santos Pompeu; Gordon O'Brien; Douglas C. Braun; Nicholas J. Burnett; David Z. Zhu; Hans-Petter Fjeldstad; Torbjørn Forseth; Nallamuthu Rajaratnam; John G. Williams; Steven Cooke. The future of fish passage science, engineering, and practice. Fish and Fisheries 2017, 19, 340 -362.
AMA StyleAna T. Silva, Martyn C. Lucas, Theodore Castro-Santos, Christos Katopodis, Lee Baumgartner, Jason Thiem, Kim Aarestrup, Paulo Santos Pompeu, Gordon O'Brien, Douglas C. Braun, Nicholas J. Burnett, David Z. Zhu, Hans-Petter Fjeldstad, Torbjørn Forseth, Nallamuthu Rajaratnam, John G. Williams, Steven Cooke. The future of fish passage science, engineering, and practice. Fish and Fisheries. 2017; 19 (2):340-362.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna T. Silva; Martyn C. Lucas; Theodore Castro-Santos; Christos Katopodis; Lee Baumgartner; Jason Thiem; Kim Aarestrup; Paulo Santos Pompeu; Gordon O'Brien; Douglas C. Braun; Nicholas J. Burnett; David Z. Zhu; Hans-Petter Fjeldstad; Torbjørn Forseth; Nallamuthu Rajaratnam; John G. Williams; Steven Cooke. 2017. "The future of fish passage science, engineering, and practice." Fish and Fisheries 19, no. 2: 340-362.
Decline in fish species populations due to river regulation by dams and weirs promoted the development of fishways, which are becoming one of the most common measures for the restoration of connectivity in rivers. Fishways efficiency can be species specific and thus monitoring and evaluation, and subsequent adjustments to design and hydraulic features, are required to inform potential users prior to installation. In this study we tested the applicability of electromyogram telemetry to study the swimming behavior of a cyprinid potamodromous species, the Iberian barbel Luciobarbus bocagei Steindachner, 1864, in an experimental pool-type fishway. In total, 24 barbels were used in the experiment, 12 of which were tagged with EMG radio transmitters equipped with electrodes that register muscle activity, while the other 12 untagged fish were used as control. For tagged fish, a relationship between swimming speed and EMG telemetry signals was developed in a swimming tunnel, which was later used to assess barbels swimming behavior within the experimental fishway. Tagged fish exhibited high passage success and anaerobic burst swimming was only required to move through the submerged orifices of the fishway. Barbels spent successively less time when transversing the pools in the upstream direction. Measured hydraulic variables that were related with barbels’ swimming speed within the fishways were the water velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulence intensity and, especially, the horizontal component of Reynolds shear stress, highlighting the importance of these parameters when designing pool-type fishways.
Carlos Alexandre; B.R. Quintella; Ana T. Silva; Catarina Mateus; Filipe Romão; Paulo Branco; Teresa Ferreira; Pedro Almeida. Use of electromyogram telemetry to assess the behavior of the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei Steindachner, 1864) in a pool-type fishway. Ecological Engineering 2013, 51, 191 -202.
AMA StyleCarlos Alexandre, B.R. Quintella, Ana T. Silva, Catarina Mateus, Filipe Romão, Paulo Branco, Teresa Ferreira, Pedro Almeida. Use of electromyogram telemetry to assess the behavior of the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei Steindachner, 1864) in a pool-type fishway. Ecological Engineering. 2013; 51 ():191-202.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Alexandre; B.R. Quintella; Ana T. Silva; Catarina Mateus; Filipe Romão; Paulo Branco; Teresa Ferreira; Pedro Almeida. 2013. "Use of electromyogram telemetry to assess the behavior of the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei Steindachner, 1864) in a pool-type fishway." Ecological Engineering 51, no. : 191-202.
The construction of pool-type fishways has greatly increased in recent years in response to widespread river fragmentation by man-made structures. However, the performance of such facilities has often been questioned, particularly for non-salmonid fish fauna, which are frequently the predominant group of species found in rivers. This study presents the main findings from field and experimental research conducted over the last 10 years on pool-type fishways in Portugal. Specific goals were: (i) to catalogue and evaluate the effectiveness of pool-type fishways built at small hydropower plants (SHP); (ii) to assess passage patterns of migrant fish populations through a “highly suitable” facility; (iii) to assess fish use for submerged orifices and surface notches under different flow regimes in experimental conditions and (iv) to determine the effect of hydraulic parameters on upstream movements of fish within these fishways. More than half (n = 19, 51%) of the visited fishways were considered to be unsuitable for the target potamodromous species. Seasonal movements peaked in the spring (>70%) and occurred independently of time of day. Laboratory experiments showed a significantly greater proportion of movements occurring through submerged orifices rather than surface notches. Of all the analyzed hydraulic parameters, the Reynolds shear stress was the one that most influenced fish movements within the fishways investigated. The results of this study provide new information and insights that could have important implications on the design of future fishways, particularly for larger potamodromous cyprinids.
José Maria Santos; Ana Silva; Christos Katopodis; Paulo Pinheiro; António Pinheiro; Jorge Bochechas; Maria Teresa Ferreira. Ecohydraulics of pool-type fishways: Getting past the barriers. Ecological Engineering 2012, 48, 38 -50.
AMA StyleJosé Maria Santos, Ana Silva, Christos Katopodis, Paulo Pinheiro, António Pinheiro, Jorge Bochechas, Maria Teresa Ferreira. Ecohydraulics of pool-type fishways: Getting past the barriers. Ecological Engineering. 2012; 48 ():38-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Maria Santos; Ana Silva; Christos Katopodis; Paulo Pinheiro; António Pinheiro; Jorge Bochechas; Maria Teresa Ferreira. 2012. "Ecohydraulics of pool-type fishways: Getting past the barriers." Ecological Engineering 48, no. : 38-50.
Turbulence is a complex phenomenon which commonly occurs in river and fishway flows. It is a difficult subject to study, especially biologically, yet turbulence may affect fish movements and fish passage efficiency. Studies on quantifying fish responses to turbulence, particularly within fishways, are lacking. This study investigated the swimming behaviour of 140 adult Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei) of two size-classes (small fish: 15 ≤ TL < 25 cm, large fish: 25 < TL ≤ 35 cm) under turbulent flow conditions created by three submerged orifice arrangements in an experimental pool-type fishway: (i) offset orifices, (ii) straight orifices and (iii) straight orifices with a deflector bar of 0.5bo located at 0.2L from the inlet orifices, where bo is the width of the square orifices ranging from 0.18 to 0.23 m and L is the pool length (1.90 m). Water velocity and turbulence (turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds shear stress, turbulence intensity and eddy size) were characterized using a 3D Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) and were related with fish swimming behaviour. The influence of turbulent flow on the swimming behaviour of barbel was assessed through the number of successful fish passage attempts and associated passage times. The amount of time fish spent in a certain cell of the pool (transit time) was measured and related to hydraulic conditions. The highest rates of passage and the corresponding lowest times were found in experiments conducted with offset orifices. Although size-related behavioural responses to turbulence were observed, Reynolds shear stress appeared as one of the most important turbulence descriptors explaining fish transit time for both size-classes in experiments conducted with offset and straight orifices; furthermore, swimming behaviour of larger fish was found to be strongly affected by the eddies created, in particular by those of similar size to fish total length, which were mainly found in straight orifices with a deflector bar arrangement. The results provide valuable insights on barbel swimming behavioural responses to turbulence, which may help engineers and biologists to develop effective systems for the passage of this species and others with similar biomechanical capacitie
Ana T. Silva; Christos Katopodis; José Maria Santos; Teresa Ferreira; António Pinheiro. Cyprinid swimming behaviour in response to turbulent flow. Ecological Engineering 2012, 44, 314 -328.
AMA StyleAna T. Silva, Christos Katopodis, José Maria Santos, Teresa Ferreira, António Pinheiro. Cyprinid swimming behaviour in response to turbulent flow. Ecological Engineering. 2012; 44 ():314-328.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna T. Silva; Christos Katopodis; José Maria Santos; Teresa Ferreira; António Pinheiro. 2012. "Cyprinid swimming behaviour in response to turbulent flow." Ecological Engineering 44, no. : 314-328.
Although coarse fish species are frequently the predominant taxa found in rivers, they are often neglected in fish passage studies. Detailed knowledge on the impact of hydraulics on the movements and swimming performance of these species is very limited. In this study, offset and straight orifices in a pool‐type fishway prototype were tested in terms of their suitability for Iberian barbel's (Luciobarbus bocagei) upstream movements. The effects of water velocity and turbulence descriptors on fish swimming performance were herein also analysed. Overall, the offset configuration was found to have a significantly higher rate of fish passage success (68%) than the straight arrangement (28%). The time taken to successfully negotiate the fishway was also significantly lower when it featured an offset configuration, particularly for small adults. Of all analysed hydraulic parameters, Reynolds shear stress (RSS) seemed to be the one that most strongly influenced the movements of Iberian barbel within the fishway. The findings provide evidence that the barbel's swimming performance and capacity to successfully migrate upstream through a fishway strongly depend on the arrangement of orifices and turbulence, in particular RSS, within a fish pass. More detailed research focusing on other ‘weak’ swimmers is recommended to improve future designs of pool‐type fishways suitable for other coarse species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A. T. Silva; José Maria Santos; Teresa Ferreira; António Pinheiro; C. Katopodis. Passage efficiency of offset and straight orifices for upstream movements of Iberian barbel in a pool-type fishway. River Research and Applications 2010, 28, 529 -542.
AMA StyleA. T. Silva, José Maria Santos, Teresa Ferreira, António Pinheiro, C. Katopodis. Passage efficiency of offset and straight orifices for upstream movements of Iberian barbel in a pool-type fishway. River Research and Applications. 2010; 28 (5):529-542.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. T. Silva; José Maria Santos; Teresa Ferreira; António Pinheiro; C. Katopodis. 2010. "Passage efficiency of offset and straight orifices for upstream movements of Iberian barbel in a pool-type fishway." River Research and Applications 28, no. 5: 529-542.
The restoration of fish passage has been focused on anadromous fish species, whilst studies accommodating passage of coarse species have often been considered incidental, yet frequently these are the predominant group of species encountered in rivers. In addition, fishway designs depend greatly on the interplay between hydraulics and biomechanics, yet very little data are available on the responses to specific hydraulic settings for these species. This study aims to explore the effects of water velocity and turbulence on the behaviour of a cyprinid species ‐ the Iberian barbel Luciobarbus bocagei (Steindachner, 1864) ‐ particularly their upstream movements upon different discharges (38.5 to 77.0 L · s−1), through an indoor full scale pool‐type fishway prototype. Larger adults had a higher passage success (mean = 79%) and took less time (mean ± SD (min): 5.7 ± 1.3) to negotiate the entire six pool fishway, when compared to small adults. Correlation analysis between hydraulic variables and fish transit time yielded different results. Correlations were found to be the highest between the horizontal component of Reynolds shear stress and fish transit time, particularly for smaller size‐individuals (r = −0.45; p < 0.001), highlighting this variable as a key‐parameter which strongly determines the movements of Iberian barbel. The present study identified key factors on Iberian barbel movements that may have direct application to future fishway designs for this species and for other ‘weak’ swimmers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ana T. Silva; José Maria Santos; Teresa Ferreira; António Pinheiro; Christos Katopodis. Effects of water velocity and turbulence on the behaviour of Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei , Steindachner 1864) in an experimental pool-type fishway. River Research and Applications 2010, 27, 360 -373.
AMA StyleAna T. Silva, José Maria Santos, Teresa Ferreira, António Pinheiro, Christos Katopodis. Effects of water velocity and turbulence on the behaviour of Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei , Steindachner 1864) in an experimental pool-type fishway. River Research and Applications. 2010; 27 (3):360-373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna T. Silva; José Maria Santos; Teresa Ferreira; António Pinheiro; Christos Katopodis. 2010. "Effects of water velocity and turbulence on the behaviour of Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei , Steindachner 1864) in an experimental pool-type fishway." River Research and Applications 27, no. 3: 360-373.
Trends in fish passage studies are increasingly moving towards a holistic approach in considering the movements of a wide range of fish species and other aquatic fauna. In this context, it is important to consider not only salmonids and other game species, but also coarse species such as cyprinids. Moreover, knowledge of their behaviour when confronted with fishways is limited, particularly their upstream movements with regard to different hydraulic configurations. To address this deficit, research was conducted in an indoor full‐scale pool‐type fishway to assess the cyprinid Iberian barbel Barbus bocagei (Steindachner, 1864) response to the simultaneous presence of submerged orifices and surface notches with adjustable dimensions in association with two different flow regimes over the notches, i.e. plunging and streaming. Overall, orifices (76%) were the clear choice to negotiate the fishway. When the flow was in the plunging mode, a significantly higher proportion of fish selected the orifices to move upstream, but the proportions were equal during the streaming mode. The time taken to enter the fishway differed significantly according to the chosen discharge device and was lower for submerged orifices (52 s to 35 min.). The present study identified key factors in Iberian barbel upstream movements, which provide direct applications to future fishway designs for this species.
A. T. Silva; José Maria Santos; A. C. Franco; M. T. Ferreira; A. N. Pinheiro. Selection of Iberian barbelBarbus bocagei(Steindachner, 1864) for orifices and notches upon different hydraulic configurations in an experimental pool-type fishway. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 2009, 25, 173 -177.
AMA StyleA. T. Silva, José Maria Santos, A. C. Franco, M. T. Ferreira, A. N. Pinheiro. Selection of Iberian barbelBarbus bocagei(Steindachner, 1864) for orifices and notches upon different hydraulic configurations in an experimental pool-type fishway. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 2009; 25 (2):173-177.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. T. Silva; José Maria Santos; A. C. Franco; M. T. Ferreira; A. N. Pinheiro. 2009. "Selection of Iberian barbelBarbus bocagei(Steindachner, 1864) for orifices and notches upon different hydraulic configurations in an experimental pool-type fishway." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 25, no. 2: 173-177.