This paper presents a micro strip patch antenna for future 5G-communication technology at centered frequency 38GHz and 54GHz having bandwidth 1.94GHz and 2GHz respectively with low cost substrate and small size patch best suited for miniaturized devices. It consists of Rogers RT5880 (lossy) substrate with dielectric constant 2.2 with loss tangent of 0.0013 and standard thickness 0.508mm, PEC patch and PEC ground. Substrate of dimensions 6mm×6.25mm and patch with dimensions 2mm×2mm is used. Microstrip-line feeding technique is used. Array having 4 elements with 4mm spacing has been proposed to achieve 12 dB gain for mobile data Applications on millimeter wave frequencies at 38.6GHz, 47.7GHz and 54.3GHz having bandwidth 3.5GHz, 2.5GHz and 1.3GHz respectively with Tapered line feeding. Overall size of antenna is 6mm×6.25mm×0.578mm. The proposed Antenna design is simulated on CST Microwave Studio.

This paper proposes a compact, semi-circular shaped multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna design with high isolation and enhanced bandwidth for ultrawide band (UWB) applications. A decoupling stub is used for high isolation reaching up to −55 dB over the entire bandwidth. The proposed antenna is used for UWB as well as super wide band (SWB) applications. The overall size of the proposed antenna is $18\times 36\times 1.6$ mm³. The $\left|S_{11}\right|$ and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the proposed antenna are less than −10 dB and 2, respectively, in the range of 3–40 GHz. The total impedance bandwidth of the proposed design is 37 GHz. The VSWR, $\left|S_{11}\right|$ , $\left|S_{22}\right|$ , $\left|S_{21}\right|$ , $\left|S_{12}\right|$ , gain, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), radiation pattern, and various other characteristic parameters are discussed in detail. The proposed antenna is optimized and simulated in a computer simulation technology (CST) studio, and printed on a FR4 substrate.

This work provides an enhanced novel cascaded controller-based frequency stabilization of a two-region interconnected power system incorporating electric vehicles. The proposed controller combines a cascade structure comprising a fractional-order proportional integrator and a proportional derivative with a filter term to handle the frequency regulation challenges of a hybrid power system integrated with renewable energy sources. Driver training-based optimization, an advanced stochastic meta-heuristic method based on human learning, is employed to optimize the gains of the proposed cascaded controller. The performance of the proposed novel controller was compared to that of other control methods. In addition, the results of driver training-based optimization are compared to those of other recent meta-heuristic algorithms, such as the imperialist competitive algorithm and jellyfish swarm optimization. The suggested controller and design technique have been evaluated and validated under a variety of loading circumstances and scenarios, as well as their resistance to power system parameter uncertainties. The results indicate the new controller’s steady operation and frequency regulation capability with an optimal controller coefficient and without the prerequisite for a complex layout procedure.

In seaports, low-carbon energy systems and energy efficiency have become increasingly important as a result of the evolution of environmental and climate change challenges. In order to ensure the continued success of seaports, technological advancements must be introduced to a number of systems, such as seaport vehicles, harbor cranes, and the power sources of berthed ships. Harbor areas might need a microgrid to handle these aspects. Typically, microgrids that substitute conventional generator units with renewable energy sources (RES) suffer from system inertia problems, which adversely affect microgrid frequency stability. A load frequency controller (LFC) based on a novel modified proportional integral derivative with filter (MPIDF) is presented in this paper for enhancing the performance of marine microgrid system (MMS). The serval optimization algorithm (SOA), a recent bio-inspired optimization algorithm, is used to optimize the MPIDF controller coefficients. This controller is tested on a marine microgrid containing a number of RES such as wind turbine generators, sea wave energy, and solar generation. The efficacy of the proposed MPIDF controller is verified with respect to other controllers such as PIDF and PI. Similarly, the proposed meta-heuristic algorithm is validated as compared to other algorithms including particle swarm optimization (PSO), ant colony optimization (ACO), and jellyfish swarm optimization (JSO). This study also evaluates the robustness of the proposed controller to different perturbations in step load, changes in system parameters, and other parameter variations.

In this article, compact a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system with flag-shaped radiators and a mountain-shaped ground plane is presented. Isolation is enhanced with the help of a decoupling stub placed between radiators, where two bands are stopped with the help of slits etched into the radiators. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 15 mm ×25 mm ×1.6 mm. The reflection coefficients are less than -10 dB between 3–10.9 GHz, except the bands WiMAX (3.2–3.7 GHz) and WLAN (5–6 GHz); similarly, measured and simulated transmission coefficients are less than -20 dB across the entire band of UWB. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.02 and the diversity gain is greater than 9.9 dB. The gain, ECC, radiation pattern, multiplexing efficiency, diversity gain and various other parameters are discussed and evaluated in detail.

In this paper, a wideband antenna was designed for super-wideband (SWB) applications. The proposed antenna was fed with a rectangular tapered microstrip feed line, which operated over a SWB frequency range (1.42 GHz to 50 GHz). The antenna was implemented at a compact size with electrical dimensions of 0.16 λ × 0.27 λ × 0.0047 λ mm³, where λ was with respect to the lowest resonance frequency. The proposed antenna prototype was fabricated on a F4B substrate, which had a permittivity of 2.65 and 1 mm thickness. The SWB antenna exhibited an impedance bandwidth of 189% and a bandwidth ratio of 35.2:1. Additionally, the proposed antenna design exhibited three band notch characteristics that were necessary to eradicate interference from WLAN, WiMAX, and X bands in the SWB range. One notch was achieved by etching an elliptical split ring resonator (ESRR) in the radiator and the other two notches were achieved by placing rectangular split ring resonators close to the signal line. The first notch was tuned by incorporating a varactor diode into the ESRR. The prototype was experimentally validated with, with notch and without notch characteristics for SWB applications. The experimental results showed good agreement with simulated results.