Increased demand of consumers on services in the mobile environment with high data rate and technologically developed mobile broadband communication systems will require more spectrum to be available in the future. The new technologies require frequencies for their development and usage. One of the main objectives of fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems, known also as IMT-2020, is to increase the current data rates up to several gigabits per second (Gbit/s) with even more than 10 Gbit/s. One possibility is to consider the use of higher frequencies in order to increase the available bandwidth, which is necessary to achieve such data rates. Main idea of the research is to investigate the available International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) frequency bands and possible new one above 6GHz for possible identification worldwide and in Europe for IMT by the 2019 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-19). Main characteristics and requirements of IMT-2020 are also provided in this paper.

Building information modeling (BIM) is transforming the way of work across the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry, where BIM offers vast opportunities for improving performance. BIM is therefore an area of great interest across the AEC industry in general and for the structural engineering field in particular. This paper is aimed at providing a broad picture of published papers that relate BIM with structural engineering. This overview will enhance understanding of the state of the research work on this subject, drawing upon bibliometric analysis of 369 papers. Findings provide an updated picture of how now‐available studies that link BIM developments and applications in structural engineering are distributed chronologically, across journals, authors, countries, and institutions. Detailed analyses of citation networks present the cooccurrence map of keywords, citation patterns of journals and articles, the most cited journals, and the top 15 most cited articles on BIM in the area of structural engineering. Discussions demonstrate that research on BIM applications for structural engineering has been constantly growing with a sudden increase after 2014. This study reveals that research attempts on this area have been dominated by exploring generic issues of BIM like information management; however, technical issues of structural engineering, to be resolved through BIM capabilities, have remained overlooked. Moreover, the research work in this area is found to be conducted largely in isolation, comprising disjointed and fragmented research studies. Gaps and important areas for future research include modeling of structural components, automation of the assembly sequence, planning and optimization of off‐site construction, and dynamic structural health monitoring.

Numerous countries are trying to find the best solution for conservation, restoration or reuse of the heritage buildings, preserving their cultural, historical, ethnic and spiritual values. The scientists, researchers and government are analysing the problems concerning with heritage building’s, like seismic issues, energy saving, sustainability, structures, materials and adaptive reuse. Since, heritage buildings’ reuse and preservation are characterized by multiple criteria, a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods are useful in finding rational solutions for the previously mentioned problems. The current paper aims to overview papers on the MCDM approaches application in regard to heritage buildings’ reuse and preservation area. This study employs a bibliometric data analysis to explore state-of-the-art of the defined topic and an in-deep analysis – to synthesize the knowledge domain and critically evaluate a thorough literature in the analysed topic. As a result, scientific maps were created to reveal the knowledge domain of MCDM approaches in heritage buildings’ reuse and preservation. Finally, research gaps and future research directions are identified. Results of the analysis shows that till now MCDM approaches are not widely used in solving heritage buildings reuse and preservation issues. Moreover, there is luck of complex problem solving approach in cultural heritage buildings area.

While designing the volume of a building, architectural solutions can be employed to achieve greater energy efficiency for the entire lifecycle of the building. However, currently this possibility is not sufficiently utilised. The paper provides a comparative analysis of architectural solutions, presenting the ones that not only allow for a reduction in energy losses through the external envelope of a building considering the local climatic conditions; but also make it possible to increase the use of energy from renewable resources. Santrauka Projektuojant pastatų tūrius yra galimybė, pasitelkus architektūrinius sprendinius, pasiekti didesnį energinį efektyvumą viso jų gyvavimo laikotarpiu, tačiau šiuo metu tuo naudojamasi nepakankamai. Darbe atlikta architektūrinių sprendinių lyginamoji analizė, kurios metu pristatomi sprendimai, leidžiantys sumažinti energijos, prarandamos per pastato išorės atitvaras, kiekį atsižvelgiant į vietos klimato sąlygas, bei padidinti pastato suvartojamos energijos kiekį naudojant atsinaujinančiųjų šaltinių energiją.

The article considers the effect of architectural volumetric design solutions on the demand for energy and material resources for a building. The method used in the research aims at determining the potential of measures reducing the energy losses of buildings without improving thermal properties of the external envelope elements or applying mechanical energy-saving devices. It has been found that buildings of similar areas but different external envelope areas have different demand for energy at their operation stage and different demand for building materials at the construction stage. It follows that the efforts aimed at determining the appropriate geometric properties of buildings and their effect on the demand for energy and material resources of a building, as well as possibilities to use them for maintaining this demand within reasonable limits, make sense. The size, compactness and geometric efficiency of a building as well as the criteria for their evaluation are considered while performing the comparative analysis of a building's shapes. The method of determining rational values by finding their deviation from the best result is applied. The results obtained show that the geometry has the strongest effect on the demand for energy and material resources of the buildings, enclosing up to 3,000 m² of the internal area, and that buildings with various proportions are found in the geometric efficiency range of 20%.