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Full electrification of the transport sector is a necessity to combat climate change and a pressing societal issue: climate agreements require a fuel shift of all the modes of transport, but while uptake of passenger electric vehicles is increasing, long haul trucks rely almost completely on fossil fuels. Providing highways with proper charging infrastructure for future electric mobility demand is a problem that is not fully investigated in literature: in fact, previous work has not addressed grid planning and infrastructure design for both passenger vehicles and trucks on highways. In this work, the authors develop a methodology to design the electrical infrastructure that supplies static and dynamic charging for both modes of transport. An algorithm is developed that selects substations for the partial electrification of a highway and, finally, the design of the electrical infrastructure to be implemented is produced and described, assessing conductors and substations sizing, in order to respect voltage regulations. The system topology of a real highway (E18 in Norway) and its traffic demand is analyzed, together with medium-voltage substations present in the area.
Alberto Danese; Michele Garau; Andreas Sumper; Bendik Torsæter. Electrical Infrastructure Design Methodology of Dynamic and Static Charging for Heavy and Light Duty Electric Vehicles. Energies 2021, 14, 3362 .
AMA StyleAlberto Danese, Michele Garau, Andreas Sumper, Bendik Torsæter. Electrical Infrastructure Design Methodology of Dynamic and Static Charging for Heavy and Light Duty Electric Vehicles. Energies. 2021; 14 (12):3362.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlberto Danese; Michele Garau; Andreas Sumper; Bendik Torsæter. 2021. "Electrical Infrastructure Design Methodology of Dynamic and Static Charging for Heavy and Light Duty Electric Vehicles." Energies 14, no. 12: 3362.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) and state estimation represent the key-tools for achieving a reliable and accurate knowledge of the power grid, and represent the foundation of an information-based operation of Smart Grids. Nevertheless, ICT brings new potential vulnerabilities within the power grid operation, that need to be evaluated. The strong interdependence between power system and ICT systems requires new methodologies for modeling the smart grid as a Cyber Physical System (CPS), and finally analyzing the impact of ICT failures on the power grid operation. This paper proposes a novel methodological approach that combines Stochastic Activity Networks (SAN) modeling and numerical computation for dependability analysis of a 5G-based WAMS. Internal influences such as component failures and external influences such as rain effect are considered, and the impact of these failures are assessed over the WAMS capability to provide reliable data for performing an accurate power network state estimation. Different state estimation approaches (traditional SCADA and PMU-based algorithms) and weather conditions are compared in terms of mean states estimation error and safety. The results highlight that 5G based WAMS result in a close-to-ideal behavior which enforces the prospect of a future adoption for smart grid monitoring applications.
Tesfaye Amare Zerihun; Michele Garau; Bjarne E. Helvik; Tesfaye Amare. Effect of Communication Failures on State Estimation of 5G-Enabled Smart Grid. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 112642 -112658.
AMA StyleTesfaye Amare Zerihun, Michele Garau, Bjarne E. Helvik, Tesfaye Amare. Effect of Communication Failures on State Estimation of 5G-Enabled Smart Grid. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 ():112642-112658.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTesfaye Amare Zerihun; Michele Garau; Bjarne E. Helvik; Tesfaye Amare. 2020. "Effect of Communication Failures on State Estimation of 5G-Enabled Smart Grid." IEEE Access 8, no. : 112642-112658.
Tesfaye Amare; Michele Garau; Bjarne E. Helvik. Dependability Modeling and Analysis of 5G Based Monitoring System in Distribution Grids. Proceedings of the 12th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools 2019, 163 -166.
AMA StyleTesfaye Amare, Michele Garau, Bjarne E. Helvik. Dependability Modeling and Analysis of 5G Based Monitoring System in Distribution Grids. Proceedings of the 12th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools. 2019; ():163-166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTesfaye Amare; Michele Garau; Bjarne E. Helvik. 2019. "Dependability Modeling and Analysis of 5G Based Monitoring System in Distribution Grids." Proceedings of the 12th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools , no. : 163-166.
Transition towards a smart grid requires network modernization based on the deployment of information and communication technologies for managing network operation and coordinating distributed energy resources in distribution systems. The success of the most advanced smart grid functionalities depends on the availability and quality of communication systems. Amongst the most demanding functionalities, those related to fault isolation, location and system restoration (FLISR) to obtain a self-healing smart grid are critical and require low latency communication systems, particularly in case of application to weakly-meshed operated networks. Simulation tools capable of capturing the interaction between communication and electrical systems are of outmost utility to check proper functioning of FLISR under different utilization conditions, to assess the expected improvements of Quality of Service, and to define minimum requirements of the communication system. In this context, this paper investigates the use of public mobile telecommunication system 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) for FLISR applications in both radially and weakly-meshed medium voltage (MV) distribution networks. This study makes use of a co-simulation software platform capable to consider power system dynamics. The results demonstrate that LTE can be used as communication medium for advanced fault location, extinction, and network reconfiguration in distribution networks. Furthermore, this paper shows that the reduction of performances with mobile background usage does not affect the system and does not cause delays higher than 100 ms, which is the maximum allowable for power system protections.
Michele Garau; Emilio Ghiani; Gianni Celli; Fabrizio Pilo; Sergio Corti. Co-Simulation of Smart Distribution Network Fault Management and Reconfiguration with LTE Communication. Energies 2018, 11, 1332 .
AMA StyleMichele Garau, Emilio Ghiani, Gianni Celli, Fabrizio Pilo, Sergio Corti. Co-Simulation of Smart Distribution Network Fault Management and Reconfiguration with LTE Communication. Energies. 2018; 11 (6):1332.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Garau; Emilio Ghiani; Gianni Celli; Fabrizio Pilo; Sergio Corti. 2018. "Co-Simulation of Smart Distribution Network Fault Management and Reconfiguration with LTE Communication." Energies 11, no. 6: 1332.
In this paper a procedure for the optimization of the bit loading in a PLC system implementing OFDM modulation is presented. The optimization strategy aims to find the best compromise between the conflicting objectives of minimal Signal Power, maximal Bit Rate, and minimal Bit Error Rate. The optimization is performed off line by means of a Multi-Objective approach. A set of Pareto solutions is determined, among which the designer has to take the final choice on the basis of the custom requirements. The approach is used to optimize the communication within a distributed energy storage system, which exploits an available electrical car fleet. The power lines supplying the charging points are used for the communication, while the information concerns, for each car, the identification code, the charge state, the schedule of charging/discharging. A unique OFDM modulation is used to dialogue with the whole cars fleet, so that it has to be optimized taking into account the frequency response of any involved power lines.
Sara Carcangiu; G. Celli; A. Fanni; M. Garau; A. Montisci; F. Pilo. Bit loading optimization for smart grid energy storage management. 2017 IEEE 3rd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry (RTSI) 2017, 1 -6.
AMA StyleSara Carcangiu, G. Celli, A. Fanni, M. Garau, A. Montisci, F. Pilo. Bit loading optimization for smart grid energy storage management. 2017 IEEE 3rd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry (RTSI). 2017; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Carcangiu; G. Celli; A. Fanni; M. Garau; A. Montisci; F. Pilo. 2017. "Bit loading optimization for smart grid energy storage management." 2017 IEEE 3rd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry (RTSI) , no. : 1-6.
Michele Garau; E. Ghiani; G. Celli; F. Pilo. Tecno-economic and environmental assessment of a full electric smart city eco-district. 2017 AEIT International Annual Conference 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleMichele Garau, E. Ghiani, G. Celli, F. Pilo. Tecno-economic and environmental assessment of a full electric smart city eco-district. 2017 AEIT International Annual Conference. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Garau; E. Ghiani; G. Celli; F. Pilo. 2017. "Tecno-economic and environmental assessment of a full electric smart city eco-district." 2017 AEIT International Annual Conference , no. : 1.
A small size power system of low voltage customers containing renewable energy plants and energy storage functions, that produces a portion or all of their onsite power needs and sells the excess to the public grid, may be identified with the term Nanogrid. Within the changing scenario of power distribution sector, Nanogrids may play a role in providing energy and services to distribution system operators or to a third-party aggregator, by exploiting the virtual power plant concept. The paper looks into the benefits for Nanogrids owners and DSOs, subsequently to the adoption of a smarter operation and a new market environment within future power distribution networks.
E. Ghiani; M. Garau; G. Celli; F. Pilo; G. Marongiu. Smart integration and aggregation of nanogrids: Benefits for users and DSO. 2017 IEEE Manchester PowerTech 2017, 1 -6.
AMA StyleE. Ghiani, M. Garau, G. Celli, F. Pilo, G. Marongiu. Smart integration and aggregation of nanogrids: Benefits for users and DSO. 2017 IEEE Manchester PowerTech. 2017; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Ghiani; M. Garau; G. Celli; F. Pilo; G. Marongiu. 2017. "Smart integration and aggregation of nanogrids: Benefits for users and DSO." 2017 IEEE Manchester PowerTech , no. : 1-6.
In smart grids the bidirectional exchange of large amounts of data will create a keen interdependence between electric system and communication, automation and control systems. In order to assess the performance of communication technologies for smart grid applications and find the most appropriate, co-simulation tools are crucial to simulate the behavior of both physical and cyber systems simultaneously, and properly consider their mutual interaction in planning and operation studies. This article aims at evaluating some wireless and wired communication technologies for smart grid implementation. The analysis performed shows that wireless technologies are potentially suitable for smart grid applications, while a combination of mixed wireless and wired technologies may introduce latencies that cannot match with mission critical functions, such as network protection.
Michele Garau; Gianni Celli; Emilio Ghiani; Fabrizio Pilo; Sergio Corti. Evaluation of Smart Grid Communication Technologies with a Co-Simulation Platform. IEEE Wireless Communications 2017, 24, 42 -49.
AMA StyleMichele Garau, Gianni Celli, Emilio Ghiani, Fabrizio Pilo, Sergio Corti. Evaluation of Smart Grid Communication Technologies with a Co-Simulation Platform. IEEE Wireless Communications. 2017; 24 (2):42-49.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Garau; Gianni Celli; Emilio Ghiani; Fabrizio Pilo; Sergio Corti. 2017. "Evaluation of Smart Grid Communication Technologies with a Co-Simulation Platform." IEEE Wireless Communications 24, no. 2: 42-49.
In future smart distribution networks the expected bidirectional exchange of large amount of data will create a keen interdependence between electric system and ICT system. In this perspective co-simulation tools are essential to simulate the power distribution system and the ICT system behaviour simultaneously, taking into account the relationship among the two systems.\ud In the paper different ICT solutions for Smart Grids are compared considering their performances in order to estimate their suitability for smart grid applications.\ud Given the complexity of future Smart Grid and the need to include in the studies also the LV distribution networks, the main novelty of the co-simulation tool presented is the ability to simulate different transmission media simultaneously
G. Celli; M. Garau; E. Ghiani; F. Pilo; S. Corti. Co-Simulation of ICT Technologies for Smart Distribution Networks. CIRED Workshop 2016 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleG. Celli, M. Garau, E. Ghiani, F. Pilo, S. Corti. Co-Simulation of ICT Technologies for Smart Distribution Networks. CIRED Workshop 2016. 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Celli; M. Garau; E. Ghiani; F. Pilo; S. Corti. 2016. "Co-Simulation of ICT Technologies for Smart Distribution Networks." CIRED Workshop 2016 , no. : 1.
The evolution towards smart distribution grids requires distributed intelligence and sophisticated information and communication technology (ICT) with distributed intelligent devices to be spread along the power system. ICT devices will be not a simple add-on of the electrical system, but their availability and efficiency will be essential to the operation of the entire power distribution system as support of network management and protection. The paper is focused on modeling of ICT devices in a co-simulation platform for smart distribution networks, which permits an integrated study of the power distribution network and the ICT network. The co-simulation platform developed allows highlighting the level of detail necessary in ICT modelling to assess the efficiency of the control algorithms, the effects of the loss of control signals, and the consistence of simulation to reality in future smart distribution network.
Michele Garau; Gianni Celli; Emilio Ghiani; Gian Giuseppe Soma; Fabrizio Pilo; Sergio Corti. ICT reliability modelling in co-simulation of smart distribution networks. 2015 IEEE 1st International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a better tomorrow (RTSI) 2015, 365 -370.
AMA StyleMichele Garau, Gianni Celli, Emilio Ghiani, Gian Giuseppe Soma, Fabrizio Pilo, Sergio Corti. ICT reliability modelling in co-simulation of smart distribution networks. 2015 IEEE 1st International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a better tomorrow (RTSI). 2015; ():365-370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Garau; Gianni Celli; Emilio Ghiani; Gian Giuseppe Soma; Fabrizio Pilo; Sergio Corti. 2015. "ICT reliability modelling in co-simulation of smart distribution networks." 2015 IEEE 1st International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a better tomorrow (RTSI) , no. : 365-370.