Introduction: The current study aimed to explore the in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and dermatoprotective properties of lemon peel essential oil (EO). Methods: The chemical composition of lemon EOs extracted from the lemon of three cities in Morocco was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The antioxidant property was estimated by two complementary tests: Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by the inhibition of albumin denaturation and proteinase. Inhibitory properties of α-glucosidase and α-amylase were used to reveal the antidiabetic activity of lemon peel EOs. Dermatoprotective property was evaluated by the tyrosinase inhibition method. Results: In addition to high amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids, GC-MS analysis of lemon peel EOs demonstrated the presence of D-limonene, β–pinene, and γ-terpinene as the main compounds in the three samples studied. Lemon peel EOs exhibited significant antioxidant activities by IC50 values ranging from 40.57 µg/mL to 100.22 µg/mL and 113.63 µg/mL to 180.90 µg/mL obtained by DPPH and FRAP tests, respectively. in vitro inhibition of enzymes involved in inflammatory response revealed that lemon peel EOs presented remarkable inhibitory activities against albumin denaturation (230.48 µg/mL>IC50IC50IC50>4000 µg/mL and 1021.58 µg/mL>C50<2467.62 µg/mL), respectively. These EOs also revealed significant inhibition of tyrosinase with IC50 values ranging from 248.42 μg/ mL to 378.02 μg/mL. Conclusion: These results revealed that lemon peel EOs might constitute a new product with beneficial biological abilities against the mentioned complications.

Moroccan companies seek to be competitive worldwide by improving quality, productivity, and customer satisfaction. Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma are the most popular methodologies for continuous improvement in companies. The objective of this article is to determine the impact of Six Sigma and Lean Manufacturing on the performance of different companies. The data was collected by a questionnaire sent to the various companies and industries in Morocco. 45 companies responded to this study, divided into several sectors. The criteria of this study are based on two levels: Financial and operational performance. A statistical study is carried out by SPSS software to analyze and interpret the collected results. The results of this study show that companies using Six Sigma and Lean Manufacturing methodologies have a positive financial and operational performance compared to companies that only use Lean Manufacturing or companies that do not use Six Sigma or Lean Manufacturing. Therefore, the combination of Six Sigma and Lean manufacturing is the ideal and perfect approach for the continuous improvement of different companies.

Background: The effluents generated by the hospital activities and which are rejected into themunicipal sewerage system without any prior treatment, present a chemical, biological and physicalrisk for public and environmental health. They cause a degradation of the aquatic ecosystem, and favorthe propagation of antibiotic resistant germs. Objective: The aim of this study is to carry out physicochemicaland bacteriological analysis of the effluents of the provincial hospital of Sidi Kacem in Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region, Morocco, in order to evaluate the degree of wastewater pollution and to reduce itsenvironmental impact.Methods: 24 samples of wastewater were collected from the Hospital’s main sewer according toMoroccan Norm NM 03.7.059 and transported to the Provincial Laboratory of Epidemiology andEnvironmental Health (LPEHM) for analysis. These analyses were conducted according to therequirements and methods recommended by Rodier 1996 and 2009.Results: The results of the bacteriological analysis showed a very high bacterial load of fecal coliforms(36,7.104 CFU/100 ml), total coliforms (40.104 CFU/100 ml), and fecal streptococci (21.104 CFU/100ml). The physicochemical parameters revealed a significant load of organic and mineral matter expressedin terms of nitrates (41,59 mg/l), nitrites (0,53 mg/l), sulphates (222,75 mg/l), ammonia (1,95 mg/l),electrical conductivity (3202 μs/cm), hydrogen potential PH (7.82), all of which are well above theupper limit stipulated by the regulations. The COD/BOD5 ratio (7.66) higher than 3 means that theseeffluents are hardly biodegradable.Conclusion: These results show that hospital effluent is loaded with mineral, organic and bacteriologicalpollutants and requires

Aim: The aim of this study is to analyse and determine the key factors influencing the decision of Moroccan nurses, health technicians and midwives to immigrate to Canada, despite the shortage of human resources suffered by the Moroccan health ministry, which could undermine the achievement of the 3rd Sustainable Development Goal, aimed at guaranteeing a healthy life and promoting well-being for all at all ages for sustainable societies. Materials and Methods: This research was based on an exploratory study carried out over 2-year period, between janvier 2022 and janvier 2024, targeting nurses health technicians, and midwives who had begun their administrative procedures with the health department to immigrate to Canada. Results: The results showed the existence of several factors that influenced the decision of these health professionals. Based on the literature, interviewees' responses were categorized into four key factors, namely, economic, occupation, organizational, and other factors. In addition, this study allowed us to demonstrate what are the predominant factors that affect the decision to emigrate to Canada health professionals, as an example of working conditions considered unfavorable, low remuneration, and especially the opportunity to practice in Canada that attracts these professionals. The results of this study illustrated several factors that influence the decision to leave health professionals to practice in Canada. Discussion: This is the first study to examine the factors influencing the departure of Moroccan healthcare professionals to practice in Canada. its results will provide a roadmap for decision-makers to implement human resources management tools and mechanisms to retain healthcare professionals, with the ultimate aim of limiting this hemorrhagia that hinders the proper functioning of the care facilities.

Morocco considers itself among the countries that have made great efforts in the field of watersavings. In agriculture, initiatives to switch from traditional irrigation to localized drip irrigation are widelyencouraged. This method of water supply allows farmers to save water and nutrients while ensuring betteryields in terms of quantity and quality. However, this production performance cannot be obtained without theobligatory passage to the analysis of all the factors of production. In this context, we evaluated during this studythe physicochemical quality of two wells supplying the irrigation network of an apple tree farm in the ruralcommune of Tighassaline, Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco.The results showed that the pH values of the two wells are of the order of 7 and those recorded for the electricalconductivity are between 0.37 ms/cm and 0.55 ms/cm. These results demonstrate the quality of the irrigationwater, almost neutral and without any risk of salinity. These constants are supported by other measurements ofanions and cations contained in the water samples taken. In this regard, the concentration of chloride andsulphate is practically low in the two wells, while the concentration of bicarbonate is twice as high in well 2than in well 1. However, the most abundant cation compared to the others is sodium, with a concentration ofthe order of 1.10 meq/l and 0.9 meq/l for well 1 and well 2 respectively. The following study demonstrates theimportance of these analyzes in the appreciation of one of the main production factors and it proves that thewater from the two wells used to supply the irrigation network of the apple tree farm is very good quality.