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Maria Cristina Morani
Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering (DICEA) of University of Naples, “Federico II”, Napoli, Italia

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Research article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Urban Water Journal
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Water distribution network are energy-demanding systems affected by low efficiency. In such systems, the pressure is generally kept under control by regulation valves to reduce the waste of water due to the leakages. The employment of energy production devices may be an efficient strategy to both reduce waste of water and produce energy, whose feasibility basically depends on the amount of recoverable energy, though. In this study, the optimal location of both pumps as turbines (PATs) and pressure-reducing valves (PRVs) within a literature water distribution network is investigated to maximize the production of energy and water savings. A new mixed integer non-linear model has been developed and a global optimization solver has been employed to perform the optimization. According to the results, the new optimization ensures good solutions, in term of water and energy savings, when compared with other procedures in literature.

ACS Style

Maria Cristina Morani; Armando Carravetta; Claudia D’Ambrosio; Oreste Fecarotta. A new mixed integer non-linear programming model for optimal PAT and PRV location in water distribution networks. Urban Water Journal 2021, 18, 394 -409.

AMA Style

Maria Cristina Morani, Armando Carravetta, Claudia D’Ambrosio, Oreste Fecarotta. A new mixed integer non-linear programming model for optimal PAT and PRV location in water distribution networks. Urban Water Journal. 2021; 18 (6):394-409.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Cristina Morani; Armando Carravetta; Claudia D’Ambrosio; Oreste Fecarotta. 2021. "A new mixed integer non-linear programming model for optimal PAT and PRV location in water distribution networks." Urban Water Journal 18, no. 6: 394-409.

Proceedings
Published: 01 January 2020 in Environmental Sciences Proceedings
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Water distribution networks are low-energy efficiency systems, due to the high energy consumption, as well as the large amount of water leakage, which are caused by high pressures in the networks. In this study, the optimal location of pumps as turbines (PATs) within a water distribution network is investigated in order to maximize the production of energy and water savings, as well as minimize installation costs. A literature mathematical model has been employed as reference model and the weaknesses of this previous study have been overcome by new constraints. The main preliminary results of the new optimization procedure will be presented and compared with the literature results. According to the results, the new optimization ensures a good solution, in term of water and energy savings, with low investment cost and a fast return in investment.

ACS Style

Maria Cristina Morani; Armando Carravetta; Claudia D’Ambrosio; Oreste Fecarotta. A New Preliminary Model to Optimize PATs Location in a Water Distribution Network. Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2020, 2, 57 .

AMA Style

Maria Cristina Morani, Armando Carravetta, Claudia D’Ambrosio, Oreste Fecarotta. A New Preliminary Model to Optimize PATs Location in a Water Distribution Network. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2020; 2 (1):57.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Cristina Morani; Armando Carravetta; Claudia D’Ambrosio; Oreste Fecarotta. 2020. "A New Preliminary Model to Optimize PATs Location in a Water Distribution Network." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1: 57.

Journal article
Published: 20 December 2019 in Water
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A new strategy to increase the energy efficiency in a water network exists using turbo pumps, which are systems consisting of a pump and a turbine directly coupled on a same shaft. In a turbo pump, the pump is fed by a turbine that exploits a surplus head in a freshwater network in order to produce energy for one system (wastewater) and reduce the excess pressure in another (drinking water). A pump as turbine (PAT) may be preferred over a classic turbine here due to its lower cost. The result of such a coupling is a PAT–pump turbocharger (P&P). In this research, the theoretical performance of a P&P plant is employed using data from a real water distribution network to exploit the excess pressure of a freshwater stream and to feed a pump conveying wastewater toward a treatment plant. Therefore, the P&P plant is a mixed PAT–pump turbocharger, operating with both fresh and wastewater. A new method to perform a preliminary geometric selection of the machines constituting the P&P plant has been developed. Furthermore, the plant operation has been described by means of a new mathematical model under different boundary conditions. Moreover, the economic viability of the plant has been assessed by comparison with a conventional wastewater pumping system working in ON/OFF mode. Therefore, the net present value (NPV) of the investment has been evaluated in both situations for different time periods. According to the economical comparison, the PAT–pump turbocharger represents the most economically advantageous configuration, at least until the useful life of the plant. Such convenience amounts to 175% up to a time period equal to 20 years.

ACS Style

Maria Cristina Morani; Armando Carravetta; Oreste Fecarotta; Aonghus McNabola. Energy Transfer from the Freshwater to the Wastewater Network Using a PAT-Equipped Turbopump. Water 2019, 12, 38 .

AMA Style

Maria Cristina Morani, Armando Carravetta, Oreste Fecarotta, Aonghus McNabola. Energy Transfer from the Freshwater to the Wastewater Network Using a PAT-Equipped Turbopump. Water. 2019; 12 (1):38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Cristina Morani; Armando Carravetta; Oreste Fecarotta; Aonghus McNabola. 2019. "Energy Transfer from the Freshwater to the Wastewater Network Using a PAT-Equipped Turbopump." Water 12, no. 1: 38.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2019 in Water
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With reference to a classical wet tank equipped with a wastewater submersible pump, in this research, an advanced numerical model has been used in order to obtain the optimal pump scheduling of on/off operation and variable pump speed. Then, in order to evaluate the time decay of pump performances, the mechanical wear has been artificially simulated and the performance curves have been experimentally obtained for different rotational speeds. Finally, the benefits, as well as the feasibility, of pump scheduling have been evaluated for differing operating conditions. According to the results, the optimal pump scheduling achieves large energy savings up to 43%, for soft mechanical wear. If the mechanical wear is considered, the energy savings are large as well, between 35.60% and 26.70%, for medium and hard mechanical wear, respectively. On the other hand, the limitation of such a strategy has been highlighted: the feasibility of pump scheduling is limited by the elevation of the downstream tank. According to the results, energy savings can be achieved until the elevation of the downstream tank is 67% of the pressure head at the best efficiency point, whereas such percentage decreases to 50% for hard mechanical wear. Finally, the results show that plant efficiency is strongly affected by the mechanical wear: an accurate maintenance of the pumping system is therefore recommended in order to attenuate the time decay of pump performances.

ACS Style

Oreste Fecarotta; Riccardo Martino; Maria Cristina Morani. Wastewater Pump Control under Mechanical Wear. Water 2019, 11, 1210 .

AMA Style

Oreste Fecarotta, Riccardo Martino, Maria Cristina Morani. Wastewater Pump Control under Mechanical Wear. Water. 2019; 11 (6):1210.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oreste Fecarotta; Riccardo Martino; Maria Cristina Morani. 2019. "Wastewater Pump Control under Mechanical Wear." Water 11, no. 6: 1210.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2018 in Resources
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The paper is focused on the optimal scheduling of a drainage pumping station, complying with variations in the pump rotational speed and a recurrent pattern for the inflow discharge. The paper is structured in several consecutive steps. In the first step, the experimental set-up is described and results of calibration tests on different pumping machines are presented to obtain equations linking significant variables (discharge, head, power, efficiency). Then, those equations are utilized to build a mixed-integer optimization model able to find the scheduling solution that minimizes required pumping energy. The model is solved with respect to a case study referred to a urban drainage system in Naples (Italy) and optimization results are analysed to provide insights on the algorithm computational performance and on the influence of pumping machine characteristics on the overall efficiency savings. With reference to the simulated scenarios, an average value of 32% energy can be saved with an optimized control. Its actual value depends on the hydraulic characteristics of the system.

ACS Style

Oreste Fecarotta; Armando Carravetta; Maria Cristina Morani; Roberta Padulano. Optimal Pump Scheduling for Urban Drainage under Variable Flow Conditions. Resources 2018, 7, 73 .

AMA Style

Oreste Fecarotta, Armando Carravetta, Maria Cristina Morani, Roberta Padulano. Optimal Pump Scheduling for Urban Drainage under Variable Flow Conditions. Resources. 2018; 7 (4):73.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oreste Fecarotta; Armando Carravetta; Maria Cristina Morani; Roberta Padulano. 2018. "Optimal Pump Scheduling for Urban Drainage under Variable Flow Conditions." Resources 7, no. 4: 73.