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Water distribution network are energy-demanding systems affected by low efficiency. In such systems, the pressure is generally kept under control by regulation valves to reduce the waste of water due to the leakages. The employment of energy production devices may be an efficient strategy to both reduce waste of water and produce energy, whose feasibility basically depends on the amount of recoverable energy, though. In this study, the optimal location of both pumps as turbines (PATs) and pressure-reducing valves (PRVs) within a literature water distribution network is investigated to maximize the production of energy and water savings. A new mixed integer non-linear model has been developed and a global optimization solver has been employed to perform the optimization. According to the results, the new optimization ensures good solutions, in term of water and energy savings, when compared with other procedures in literature.
Maria Cristina Morani; Armando Carravetta; Claudia D’Ambrosio; Oreste Fecarotta. A new mixed integer non-linear programming model for optimal PAT and PRV location in water distribution networks. Urban Water Journal 2021, 18, 394 -409.
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Morani, Armando Carravetta, Claudia D’Ambrosio, Oreste Fecarotta. A new mixed integer non-linear programming model for optimal PAT and PRV location in water distribution networks. Urban Water Journal. 2021; 18 (6):394-409.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Morani; Armando Carravetta; Claudia D’Ambrosio; Oreste Fecarotta. 2021. "A new mixed integer non-linear programming model for optimal PAT and PRV location in water distribution networks." Urban Water Journal 18, no. 6: 394-409.
The optimal scheduling of water pumping systems has gained a lot of attention in the research community. Nevertheless, the advancements obtained in water distribution networks were not transferred to urban drainage sewer systems, due to the reduced storage volumes of the wet wells and the high flows variability. Moreover, the use of variable speed drives, which are required to face the flow variability, makes the problem more complex. In this paper, the authors present an optimization method for the regulation of a pump in a separate foul sewer system under variable inflow. A stochastic model has been calibrated on real data for the generation of the inflow patterns and several system conditions have been simulated. A mixed-integer optimizer was used to minimize the required energy. The results obtained were compared with the classic control rule showing that the use of variable speed drives can lead to large energy savings.
Oreste Fecarotta; Luigi Cimorelli. Optimal scheduling and control of a sewer pump under stochastic inflow pattern. Urban Water Journal 2021, 18, 383 -393.
AMA StyleOreste Fecarotta, Luigi Cimorelli. Optimal scheduling and control of a sewer pump under stochastic inflow pattern. Urban Water Journal. 2021; 18 (6):383-393.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOreste Fecarotta; Luigi Cimorelli. 2021. "Optimal scheduling and control of a sewer pump under stochastic inflow pattern." Urban Water Journal 18, no. 6: 383-393.
A. Carravetta; O. Fecarotta; H.M. Ramos. Corrigendum to “A new low-cost installation scheme of PATs for pico-hydropower to recover energy in residential areas” [Renewable Energy, 125, 2018, 1003–1014]. Renewable Energy 2020, 167, 966 .
AMA StyleA. Carravetta, O. Fecarotta, H.M. Ramos. Corrigendum to “A new low-cost installation scheme of PATs for pico-hydropower to recover energy in residential areas” [Renewable Energy, 125, 2018, 1003–1014]. Renewable Energy. 2020; 167 ():966.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Carravetta; O. Fecarotta; H.M. Ramos. 2020. "Corrigendum to “A new low-cost installation scheme of PATs for pico-hydropower to recover energy in residential areas” [Renewable Energy, 125, 2018, 1003–1014]." Renewable Energy 167, no. : 966.
In recent years, the interest towards the use of pumps operating as turbines (PATs) for the generation of electrical energy has increased, due to the low cost of implementation and maintenance. The main issue that inhibits a wider use of PATs is the lack of corresponding characteristic curves, because manufacturers usually provide only the pump-mode performance characteristics. In the PAT selection phase, the lack of turbine-mode characteristic curves forces users to expend expensive and time-consuming efforts in laboratory testing. In the technical literature, numerous methods are available for the prediction of PAT turbine-mode performance based on the pump-mode characteristics, but these models are usually calibrated making use of few devices. To overcome this limit, a performance database called Redawn is presented and the data collected are used to calibrate novel PAT performance models.
Stefania Fontanella; Oreste Fecarotta; Bruno Molino; Luca Cozzolino; Renata Della Morte. A Performance Prediction Model for Pumps as Turbines (PATs). Water 2020, 12, 1175 .
AMA StyleStefania Fontanella, Oreste Fecarotta, Bruno Molino, Luca Cozzolino, Renata Della Morte. A Performance Prediction Model for Pumps as Turbines (PATs). Water. 2020; 12 (4):1175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefania Fontanella; Oreste Fecarotta; Bruno Molino; Luca Cozzolino; Renata Della Morte. 2020. "A Performance Prediction Model for Pumps as Turbines (PATs)." Water 12, no. 4: 1175.
In this work, the optimal regulation of variable speed pump (VSP) was solved by means of two optimization algorithms: a mixed-integer optimizer based on the BONMIN (Basic Open-Source Nonlinear Mixed Integer Programming) package, and an original hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) called GA–Powell’s direction set method (PDSM), which employs a derivative free inner optimizer, that is, the Powell’s direction set method (PDSM). The obtained results show how the use of a strategy based on the optimal regulation of VSP allows to obtain huge energy cost savings. The analysis of the results shows that the regulation of the plant does not apparently follow a general rule.
Luigi Cimorelli; Oreste Fecarotta. Optimal Regulation of Variable Speed Pumps in Sewer Systems. Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2020, 2, 58 .
AMA StyleLuigi Cimorelli, Oreste Fecarotta. Optimal Regulation of Variable Speed Pumps in Sewer Systems. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2020; 2 (1):58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuigi Cimorelli; Oreste Fecarotta. 2020. "Optimal Regulation of Variable Speed Pumps in Sewer Systems." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1: 58.
Water distribution networks are low-energy efficiency systems, due to the high energy consumption, as well as the large amount of water leakage, which are caused by high pressures in the networks. In this study, the optimal location of pumps as turbines (PATs) within a water distribution network is investigated in order to maximize the production of energy and water savings, as well as minimize installation costs. A literature mathematical model has been employed as reference model and the weaknesses of this previous study have been overcome by new constraints. The main preliminary results of the new optimization procedure will be presented and compared with the literature results. According to the results, the new optimization ensures a good solution, in term of water and energy savings, with low investment cost and a fast return in investment.
Maria Cristina Morani; Armando Carravetta; Claudia D’Ambrosio; Oreste Fecarotta. A New Preliminary Model to Optimize PATs Location in a Water Distribution Network. Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2020, 2, 57 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Morani, Armando Carravetta, Claudia D’Ambrosio, Oreste Fecarotta. A New Preliminary Model to Optimize PATs Location in a Water Distribution Network. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2020; 2 (1):57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Morani; Armando Carravetta; Claudia D’Ambrosio; Oreste Fecarotta. 2020. "A New Preliminary Model to Optimize PATs Location in a Water Distribution Network." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1: 57.
A new strategy to increase the energy efficiency in a water network exists using turbo pumps, which are systems consisting of a pump and a turbine directly coupled on a same shaft. In a turbo pump, the pump is fed by a turbine that exploits a surplus head in a freshwater network in order to produce energy for one system (wastewater) and reduce the excess pressure in another (drinking water). A pump as turbine (PAT) may be preferred over a classic turbine here due to its lower cost. The result of such a coupling is a PAT–pump turbocharger (P&P). In this research, the theoretical performance of a P&P plant is employed using data from a real water distribution network to exploit the excess pressure of a freshwater stream and to feed a pump conveying wastewater toward a treatment plant. Therefore, the P&P plant is a mixed PAT–pump turbocharger, operating with both fresh and wastewater. A new method to perform a preliminary geometric selection of the machines constituting the P&P plant has been developed. Furthermore, the plant operation has been described by means of a new mathematical model under different boundary conditions. Moreover, the economic viability of the plant has been assessed by comparison with a conventional wastewater pumping system working in ON/OFF mode. Therefore, the net present value (NPV) of the investment has been evaluated in both situations for different time periods. According to the economical comparison, the PAT–pump turbocharger represents the most economically advantageous configuration, at least until the useful life of the plant. Such convenience amounts to 175% up to a time period equal to 20 years.
Maria Cristina Morani; Armando Carravetta; Oreste Fecarotta; Aonghus McNabola. Energy Transfer from the Freshwater to the Wastewater Network Using a PAT-Equipped Turbopump. Water 2019, 12, 38 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Morani, Armando Carravetta, Oreste Fecarotta, Aonghus McNabola. Energy Transfer from the Freshwater to the Wastewater Network Using a PAT-Equipped Turbopump. Water. 2019; 12 (1):38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Morani; Armando Carravetta; Oreste Fecarotta; Aonghus McNabola. 2019. "Energy Transfer from the Freshwater to the Wastewater Network Using a PAT-Equipped Turbopump." Water 12, no. 1: 38.
With reference to a classical wet tank equipped with a wastewater submersible pump, in this research, an advanced numerical model has been used in order to obtain the optimal pump scheduling of on/off operation and variable pump speed. Then, in order to evaluate the time decay of pump performances, the mechanical wear has been artificially simulated and the performance curves have been experimentally obtained for different rotational speeds. Finally, the benefits, as well as the feasibility, of pump scheduling have been evaluated for differing operating conditions. According to the results, the optimal pump scheduling achieves large energy savings up to 43%, for soft mechanical wear. If the mechanical wear is considered, the energy savings are large as well, between 35.60% and 26.70%, for medium and hard mechanical wear, respectively. On the other hand, the limitation of such a strategy has been highlighted: the feasibility of pump scheduling is limited by the elevation of the downstream tank. According to the results, energy savings can be achieved until the elevation of the downstream tank is 67% of the pressure head at the best efficiency point, whereas such percentage decreases to 50% for hard mechanical wear. Finally, the results show that plant efficiency is strongly affected by the mechanical wear: an accurate maintenance of the pumping system is therefore recommended in order to attenuate the time decay of pump performances.
Oreste Fecarotta; Riccardo Martino; Maria Cristina Morani. Wastewater Pump Control under Mechanical Wear. Water 2019, 11, 1210 .
AMA StyleOreste Fecarotta, Riccardo Martino, Maria Cristina Morani. Wastewater Pump Control under Mechanical Wear. Water. 2019; 11 (6):1210.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOreste Fecarotta; Riccardo Martino; Maria Cristina Morani. 2019. "Wastewater Pump Control under Mechanical Wear." Water 11, no. 6: 1210.
The paper is focused on the optimal scheduling of a drainage pumping station, complying with variations in the pump rotational speed and a recurrent pattern for the inflow discharge. The paper is structured in several consecutive steps. In the first step, the experimental set-up is described and results of calibration tests on different pumping machines are presented to obtain equations linking significant variables (discharge, head, power, efficiency). Then, those equations are utilized to build a mixed-integer optimization model able to find the scheduling solution that minimizes required pumping energy. The model is solved with respect to a case study referred to a urban drainage system in Naples (Italy) and optimization results are analysed to provide insights on the algorithm computational performance and on the influence of pumping machine characteristics on the overall efficiency savings. With reference to the simulated scenarios, an average value of 32% energy can be saved with an optimized control. Its actual value depends on the hydraulic characteristics of the system.
Oreste Fecarotta; Armando Carravetta; Maria Cristina Morani; Roberta Padulano. Optimal Pump Scheduling for Urban Drainage under Variable Flow Conditions. Resources 2018, 7, 73 .
AMA StyleOreste Fecarotta, Armando Carravetta, Maria Cristina Morani, Roberta Padulano. Optimal Pump Scheduling for Urban Drainage under Variable Flow Conditions. Resources. 2018; 7 (4):73.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOreste Fecarotta; Armando Carravetta; Maria Cristina Morani; Roberta Padulano. 2018. "Optimal Pump Scheduling for Urban Drainage under Variable Flow Conditions." Resources 7, no. 4: 73.
A. Carravetta; O. Fecarotta; H.M. Ramos. A new low-cost installation scheme of PATs for pico-hydropower to recover energy in residential areas. Renewable Energy 2018, 125, 1003 -1014.
AMA StyleA. Carravetta, O. Fecarotta, H.M. Ramos. A new low-cost installation scheme of PATs for pico-hydropower to recover energy in residential areas. Renewable Energy. 2018; 125 ():1003-1014.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Carravetta; O. Fecarotta; H.M. Ramos. 2018. "A new low-cost installation scheme of PATs for pico-hydropower to recover energy in residential areas." Renewable Energy 125, no. : 1003-1014.
The installation of hydropower plants equipped with pumps as turbines (PATs) in water supply systems has been demonstrated to be suitable and advantageous in order to both reduce pressure and recover energy. However, certain technical difficulties have delayed the widespread adoption of this innovative approach. The design of a hydropower plant within a water network should address three main problems, i.e., (1) the scarcity of information about PAT behavior; (2) the large and stochastic variability in the working conditions that can influence the efficiency and the reliability of the plant; and (3) the need to guarantee the correct operation of the water supply system. This paper presents a new regulation procedure based on the maximization of an upgraded version of the plant effectiveness, which takes into account the plant efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. Four plant regulation schemes are presented. A stochastic model is used to simulate the fluctuations of the hydraulic characteristics, while the PAT behavior has been calculated with a recently developed model that revises the turbomachinery affinity equations. A case study demonstrates the application of the new procedure with reference to a pressure reducing station in southern Italy and a semiaxial PAT.
Oreste Fecarotta; Helena M. Ramos; Shahram Derakhshan; Giuseppe Del Giudice; Armando Carravetta. Fine Tuning a PAT Hydropower Plant in a Water Supply Network to Improve System Effectiveness. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 2018, 144, 04018038 .
AMA StyleOreste Fecarotta, Helena M. Ramos, Shahram Derakhshan, Giuseppe Del Giudice, Armando Carravetta. Fine Tuning a PAT Hydropower Plant in a Water Supply Network to Improve System Effectiveness. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 2018; 144 (8):04018038.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOreste Fecarotta; Helena M. Ramos; Shahram Derakhshan; Giuseppe Del Giudice; Armando Carravetta. 2018. "Fine Tuning a PAT Hydropower Plant in a Water Supply Network to Improve System Effectiveness." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 144, no. 8: 04018038.
Water systems are usually considered low efficiency systems, due to the large amount of energy that is lost by water leakage and dissipated by pressure reducing valves to control the leakage itself. In water distribution networks, water is often pumped from the source to an elevated tank or reservoir and then supplied to the users. A large energy recovery can be realized by the installation of energy production devices (EPDs) to exploit the excess of pressure that would be dissipated by regulation valves. The feasibility of such a sustainable strategy depends on the potential of energy savings and the amount of energy embedded in water streams, assessed by means of efficiency measures. Alternatively, energy savings can be pursued if the water is directly pumped to the network, bypassing the elevated reservoir. This study focuses on the comparison of two solutions to supply a real network, assessed as a case study. The first solution consists of water pumping to a reservoir, located upstream of the network; the excess of energy is saved by the employment of a pump as turbine (PAT). The second scenario is characterized by a smaller pressure head since a direct variable speed pumping is performed, bypassing the reservoir. The comparison has been carried out in terms of required energy, assessed by means of a new energy index and two literature efficiency indices. Furthermore, differing design conditions have been analyzed by varying the pumping head of both the scenarios, corresponding to different distances and elevation of the water source.
Maria Cristina Morani; Armando Carravetta; Giuseppe Del Giudice; Aonghus McNabola; Oreste Fecarotta. A Comparison of Energy Recovery by PATs against Direct Variable Speed Pumping in Water Distribution Networks. Fluids 2018, 3, 41 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Morani, Armando Carravetta, Giuseppe Del Giudice, Aonghus McNabola, Oreste Fecarotta. A Comparison of Energy Recovery by PATs against Direct Variable Speed Pumping in Water Distribution Networks. Fluids. 2018; 3 (2):41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Morani; Armando Carravetta; Giuseppe Del Giudice; Aonghus McNabola; Oreste Fecarotta. 2018. "A Comparison of Energy Recovery by PATs against Direct Variable Speed Pumping in Water Distribution Networks." Fluids 3, no. 2: 41.
The EU funded Interreg project REDAWN is presented, setting a new operational framework for efficiently foster micro-hydropower in water distribution.
Armando Carravetta; Oreste Fecarotta; Helena M. Ramos; Maria Mello; Juan Antonio Rodriguez-Diaz; JORGE GARCiA Morillo; Kemi Adeyeye; Paul Coughlan; John Gallagher; Aonghus McNabola. Reducing the Energy Dependency of Water Networks in Irrigation, Public Drinking Water, and Process Industry: REDAWN Project. Proceedings 2018, 2, 681 .
AMA StyleArmando Carravetta, Oreste Fecarotta, Helena M. Ramos, Maria Mello, Juan Antonio Rodriguez-Diaz, JORGE GARCiA Morillo, Kemi Adeyeye, Paul Coughlan, John Gallagher, Aonghus McNabola. Reducing the Energy Dependency of Water Networks in Irrigation, Public Drinking Water, and Process Industry: REDAWN Project. Proceedings. 2018; 2 (11):681.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArmando Carravetta; Oreste Fecarotta; Helena M. Ramos; Maria Mello; Juan Antonio Rodriguez-Diaz; JORGE GARCiA Morillo; Kemi Adeyeye; Paul Coughlan; John Gallagher; Aonghus McNabola. 2018. "Reducing the Energy Dependency of Water Networks in Irrigation, Public Drinking Water, and Process Industry: REDAWN Project." Proceedings 2, no. 11: 681.
In this paper preliminary results of the numerical assessment of PAT erosion, caused by the impingement of solid particles in the water flow, are provided and discussed. A CFD model was developed by the Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II to investigate the fluid dynamics of a PAT and coupled with the in-house E-CODE developed by the Politecnico di Milano for wear estimation. The erosion simulations were performed to assess the wear of PAT components, namely inlet, impeller, volute and outlet pipe, for abrasive particles with different size, aiming at estimating the relation between the fluid dynamics of the slurry flow and the development of the erosion process.
Oreste Fecarotta; Gianandrea Vittorio Messa; Francesco Pugliese; Armando Carravetta; Stefano Malavasi; Maurizio Giugni. Preliminary Development of a Method for Impact Erosion Prediction in Pumps Running as Turbines. Proceedings 2018, 2, 680 .
AMA StyleOreste Fecarotta, Gianandrea Vittorio Messa, Francesco Pugliese, Armando Carravetta, Stefano Malavasi, Maurizio Giugni. Preliminary Development of a Method for Impact Erosion Prediction in Pumps Running as Turbines. Proceedings. 2018; 2 (11):680.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOreste Fecarotta; Gianandrea Vittorio Messa; Francesco Pugliese; Armando Carravetta; Stefano Malavasi; Maurizio Giugni. 2018. "Preliminary Development of a Method for Impact Erosion Prediction in Pumps Running as Turbines." Proceedings 2, no. 11: 680.
Water distribution networks are high energy and low efficiency systems, where water pressure is frequently reduced by dissipation valves to limit leakage. The dissipation produced by the valves can be converted to energy production to increase the efficiency and reduce the energy impact of networks. If valves are replaced by turbines or pumps as turbines (PATs), they can both reduce pressure and produce energy. This study focuses on the optimal location of PATs within a water distribution network in order to both produce energy and reduce leakage. A new optimization model is developed consisting of several linear and non-linear constraints and a newly proposed objective function, where the turbine installation costs as well as the energy production and the economic saving due to the reduction of leakage can be accounted all together. The case study shows that the application of the mathematical model to a synthetic network ensures better results, in terms of both energy production and water saving, in comparison to other procedures.
Oreste Fecarotta; Aonghus McNabola. Optimal Location of Pump as Turbines (PATs) in Water Distribution Networks to Recover Energy and Reduce Leakage. Water Resources Management 2017, 31, 5043 -5059.
AMA StyleOreste Fecarotta, Aonghus McNabola. Optimal Location of Pump as Turbines (PATs) in Water Distribution Networks to Recover Energy and Reduce Leakage. Water Resources Management. 2017; 31 (15):5043-5059.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOreste Fecarotta; Aonghus McNabola. 2017. "Optimal Location of Pump as Turbines (PATs) in Water Distribution Networks to Recover Energy and Reduce Leakage." Water Resources Management 31, no. 15: 5043-5059.
The present paper deals with a United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) Type II stilling basin, which is characterized by blocks at the end of the chute and a dentated sill at the end of the basin. For this basin, USBR only gives overall design criteria concerning basin length and block dimensions on the basis of the assumption that the hydraulic jump remains confined within the sill. No considerations are provided concerning possible different jump types, pressure regimes, and forces acting on the sill. To comply with such a lack, an experimental campaign was undertaken that focuses on the differences among hydraulic jump types that can occur in a USBR Type II stilling basin. Jump types can range between submerged and spray jump types; accordingly, dimensionless relations are provided to predict jump type and position for assigned boundary conditions, with particular concern about the submerged/nonsubmerged distinction. Considerations about the drag force and drag coefficients are provided, along with estimates of pressure extreme fluctuations. Finally, an evaluation of the dissipation efficiency is presented for both submerged and nonsubmerged jumps, enabling comparisons among different jump types and with classical hydraulic jump.
Ph.D. Roberta Padulano; Oreste Fecarotta; Giuseppe DEL Giudice; Armando Carravetta. Hydraulic Design of a USBR Type II Stilling Basin. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 2017, 143, 04017001 .
AMA StylePh.D. Roberta Padulano, Oreste Fecarotta, Giuseppe DEL Giudice, Armando Carravetta. Hydraulic Design of a USBR Type II Stilling Basin. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. 2017; 143 (5):04017001.
Chicago/Turabian StylePh.D. Roberta Padulano; Oreste Fecarotta; Giuseppe DEL Giudice; Armando Carravetta. 2017. "Hydraulic Design of a USBR Type II Stilling Basin." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 143, no. 5: 04017001.
Armando Carravetta; Oreste Fecarotta; Maria Chiara Conte. Minimum Efficiency Index: testing its performance. World Pumps 2017, 2017, 34 -37.
AMA StyleArmando Carravetta, Oreste Fecarotta, Maria Chiara Conte. Minimum Efficiency Index: testing its performance. World Pumps. 2017; 2017 (4):34-37.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArmando Carravetta; Oreste Fecarotta; Maria Chiara Conte. 2017. "Minimum Efficiency Index: testing its performance." World Pumps 2017, no. 4: 34-37.
The management of a water distribution network (WDN) is performed by valve and pump control, to regulate both the pressure and the discharge between certain limits. The energy that is usually merely dissipated by valves can instead be converted and used to partially supply the pumping stations. Pumps used as turbines (PAT) can be used in order to both reduce pressure and recover energy, with proven economic benefits. The direct coupling of the PAT shaft with the pump shaft in a PAT-pump turbocharger (P&P plant) allows us to transfer energy from the pressure control system to the pumping system without any electrical device. Based on experimental PAT and pump performance curves, P&P equations are given and P&P working conditions are simulated with reference to the operating conditions of a real water supply network. The annual energy saving demonstrates the economic relevance of the P&P plant.
Armando Carravetta; Lauro Antipodi; Umberto Golia; Oreste Fecarotta. Energy Saving in a Water Supply Network by Coupling a Pump and a Pump As Turbine (PAT) in a Turbopump. Water 2017, 9, 62 .
AMA StyleArmando Carravetta, Lauro Antipodi, Umberto Golia, Oreste Fecarotta. Energy Saving in a Water Supply Network by Coupling a Pump and a Pump As Turbine (PAT) in a Turbopump. Water. 2017; 9 (1):62.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArmando Carravetta; Lauro Antipodi; Umberto Golia; Oreste Fecarotta. 2017. "Energy Saving in a Water Supply Network by Coupling a Pump and a Pump As Turbine (PAT) in a Turbopump." Water 9, no. 1: 62.
Water scarcity and the poor quality of water resources are leading to a wider diffusion of desalination plants using the Reverse Osmosis (RO) process. Unfortunately, the cost of a cubic meter of fresh water produced by an RO plants is still high and many efforts are in progress to increase the efficiency of the membranes used in osmotic plants and to limit the energy required by the process. A further reduction of the energy cost could be obtained by an optimal operation of the desalination plant so reducing the hourly energy cost, or by coupling the RO plant with an energy production plant based on direct osmosis (Pressure Retarded Osmosis PRO).The economic viability of the desalination process has been analyzed until now without accounting for the integration of the RO plant with the existing water network. This analysis is developed in the present paper with reference to a hypothetical change of water supply in a real network, where a desalination plant is used to satisfy the fresh water demand. Several scenarios will be analyzed to assess the minimum cost of fresh water production and water supply to the network, including the use of energy recovery systems, such as an integrated use of RO and PRO processes, or the regulation of pressure at the network intake by a micro hydro power plant.
Armando Carravetta; Oreste Fecarotta; Umberto Maria Golia; Michele La Rocca; Riccardo Martino; Roberta Padulano; Tullio Tucciarelli. Optimization of Osmotic Desalination Plants for Water Supply Networks. Water Resources Management 2016, 30, 3965 -3978.
AMA StyleArmando Carravetta, Oreste Fecarotta, Umberto Maria Golia, Michele La Rocca, Riccardo Martino, Roberta Padulano, Tullio Tucciarelli. Optimization of Osmotic Desalination Plants for Water Supply Networks. Water Resources Management. 2016; 30 (11):3965-3978.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArmando Carravetta; Oreste Fecarotta; Umberto Maria Golia; Michele La Rocca; Riccardo Martino; Roberta Padulano; Tullio Tucciarelli. 2016. "Optimization of Osmotic Desalination Plants for Water Supply Networks." Water Resources Management 30, no. 11: 3965-3978.
Oreste Fecarotta; Armando Carravetta; Helena M. Ramos; Riccardo Martino. An improved affinity model to enhance variable operating strategy for pumps used as turbines. Journal of Hydraulic Research 2016, 54, 332 -341.
AMA StyleOreste Fecarotta, Armando Carravetta, Helena M. Ramos, Riccardo Martino. An improved affinity model to enhance variable operating strategy for pumps used as turbines. Journal of Hydraulic Research. 2016; 54 (3):332-341.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOreste Fecarotta; Armando Carravetta; Helena M. Ramos; Riccardo Martino. 2016. "An improved affinity model to enhance variable operating strategy for pumps used as turbines." Journal of Hydraulic Research 54, no. 3: 332-341.