Changes in both formaldehyde legislations and voluntary requirements (e.g. Germany RAL) are currently the driving factors behind research on alternatives to amino-based adhesives; moreover, consumer interest in healthy and sustainable products is increasing in bio-based adhesives. Sources of formaldehyde emissions in wood-based panels as well as different emission test methods have been discussed, and the main focus of this review is on the research conducted on sustainable bio-based adhesive systems for wood panels. Lignin, tannin, protein, and starch have been evaluated as both raw materials and adhesive alternatives to existing amino-based thermosetting adhesives. Adhesion improving modifications of these bio-based raw materials as well as the available and experimental crosslinkers have also been taken into account.

Utilization of hierarchically aligned natural cellulosic structures has become a leading natural template scaffold for a diverse range of functional applications. This natural scaffold derived from wood by partial or full removal of lignin without altering or disturbing the hierarchically aligned cellulosic structure is known as delignified wood (DW). Over the past five years, various types of functional materials for diverse applications have been fabricated using DW. This review aims to highlight the significance of DW in functional material development by discussing the delignification impacts on the wood cell wall properties and review the different strategies used in functional materials fabrication. The first part of this review discusses the fundamental aspects of wood cell wall structure in relation to wood chemistry and lignin biosynthesis. The second part focuses on the different delignification methods used in partial and full lignin removal from wood cell walls and the fundamental properties (i.e., physical, mechanical, and chemical) of DW. The third part of this review discusses the strategies and the detailed current literature regarding the development of diverse functional materials based on DW. A greater understanding of DW provides the potential for further development of DW‐based functional materials for a diverse range of future applications.

Electrospinning is a promising and versatile technique that is used to fabricate polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Ideal scaffolds should be biocompatible and bioactive with appropriate surface chemistry, good mechanical properties and should mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone. Selection of the most appropriate material to produce a scaffold is an important step towards the construction of a tissue engineered product. Bone tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field, where the principles of engineering are applied on bone-related biochemical reactions. Scaffolds, cells, growth factors, and their interrelation in microenvironment are the major concerns in bone tissue engineering. This review covers the latest development of biomimetic electrospun polymeric biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. It includes the brief details to bone tissue engineering along with bone structure and ideal bone scaffolds requirements. Details about various engineered materials and methodologies used for bone scaffolds development were discussed. Description of electrospinning technique and its parameters relating their fabrication, advantages, and applications in bone tissue engineering were also presented. The use of synthetic and natural polymers based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and their biomineralization processes were discussed and reviewed comprehensively. Finally, we give conclusion along with perspectives and challenges of biomimetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering based on electrospun nanofibers.