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Peter C. Wynn
Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia

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Journal article
Published: 26 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Agriculture is vital to global food production. Around 550 million smallholding households produce most of the world’s food, and many rely on livestock rearing for a living. Smallholder farms must survive and thrive to maintain and increase food production. Baseline information is vital for further extension service interventions. The goal of this Malawian study was to collect quantitative baseline data on crop and livestock production, agriproduct sales, and other indicators through a household survey, and to compare the efficacy (in terms of income) of using the concept of “Lead and Follow” farmer training programs. The baseline study survey was carried out in 44 sections of 11 extension planning areas from Malawi’s five districts (Dowa, Kasungu, Mchinji, Mzimba, and Rumphi). In total, 1131 smallholder households were interviewed. Crop production, livestock farming, and providing casual labor for others were all identified as significant sources of income for smallholders, implying that all agriproducts (the whole-farm approach) is equally important for improving smallholder livelihoods. On the one hand, the whole-farm approach should improve smallholders’ resilience regarding climate change and poverty. Lower agriproduct sales, on the other hand, indicated that links to the market were frequently poor but an increased market focus should help smallholders sell their produce at a fair margin. In terms of best practices adoption, both Lead and Follow farmers adopted similar farm practices (crops and livestock) to increase income. In general, no significant difference in income was calculated from many farm enterprises for both Lead and Follow farmers. However, the income from pigs and firewood was significantly higher for Follow farmers than for Lead farmers. Lead farmers reported significantly higher off-farm income sources. Significant changes are proposed to the “Lead farmer extension approach”.

ACS Style

Muhammad Azher Bhatti; Sosheel Solomon Godfrey; Ryan H. L. Ip; Chipo Kachiwala; Håvard Hovdhaugen; Liveness J. Banda; Moses Limuwa; Peter C. Wynn; Tormod Ådnøy; Lars Olav Eik. Diversity of Sources of Income for Smallholder Farming Communities in Malawi: Importance for Improved Livelihood. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9599 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Azher Bhatti, Sosheel Solomon Godfrey, Ryan H. L. Ip, Chipo Kachiwala, Håvard Hovdhaugen, Liveness J. Banda, Moses Limuwa, Peter C. Wynn, Tormod Ådnøy, Lars Olav Eik. Diversity of Sources of Income for Smallholder Farming Communities in Malawi: Importance for Improved Livelihood. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9599.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Azher Bhatti; Sosheel Solomon Godfrey; Ryan H. L. Ip; Chipo Kachiwala; Håvard Hovdhaugen; Liveness J. Banda; Moses Limuwa; Peter C. Wynn; Tormod Ådnøy; Lars Olav Eik. 2021. "Diversity of Sources of Income for Smallholder Farming Communities in Malawi: Importance for Improved Livelihood." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9599.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2021 in Foods
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This study aimed to evaluate the sensory and physical characteristics of zingibain-injected meat combined with sous vide cooking. M. biceps femoris (BF; n = 12) acquired from 6–7 year old Angus cows were cooked using the sous vide method at 65 °C, for 8 h or 12 h, either with ginger powder (GP) injected in a 2 g/L solution in water (treatment) or un-injected (control). The sensory attributes included flavour, juiciness, tenderness, and physicochemical characteristics were Warner-Bratzler shear (WBSF), hardness, total water content (TWC), cooking loss (CL) and collagen content. A significant improvement in tenderness with injection treatment and cooking time was observed, as evaluated through trained sensory panellists, and reduced WBSF and hardness (p< 0.05 for all). The flavour of the meat was not affected by injection treatment or cooking time (p > 0.05), but juiciness and TWC were reduced with longer cooking times (p< 0.01 for both). Soluble collagen increased with injection treatment and cooking time (both p< 0.05). Moderate to high correlations were found between sensory and physical measurements for tenderness and juiciness. The longer cooking time (12 h) with GP injection treatment caused over tenderization of the meat. The soft texture associated with over-tenderization may be suitable for some specialised consumer markets, for instance, the elderly population with chewing difficulties. Improving the eating quality of low-quality meat from old animals through sous vide cooking and the use of ginger proteases may increase the acceptability of lower value beef, potentially enhancing the commercial value of carcasses typically produced in the beef industry.

ACS Style

Zahra B. Naqvi; Peter C. Thomson; Michael A. Campbell; Sajid Latif; Jerrad F. Legako; David M. McGill; Peter C. Wynn; Michael A. Friend; Robyn D. Warner. Sensory and Physical Characteristics of M. biceps femoris from Older Cows Using Ginger Powder (Zingibain) and Sous Vide Cooking. Foods 2021, 10, 1936 .

AMA Style

Zahra B. Naqvi, Peter C. Thomson, Michael A. Campbell, Sajid Latif, Jerrad F. Legako, David M. McGill, Peter C. Wynn, Michael A. Friend, Robyn D. Warner. Sensory and Physical Characteristics of M. biceps femoris from Older Cows Using Ginger Powder (Zingibain) and Sous Vide Cooking. Foods. 2021; 10 (8):1936.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zahra B. Naqvi; Peter C. Thomson; Michael A. Campbell; Sajid Latif; Jerrad F. Legako; David M. McGill; Peter C. Wynn; Michael A. Friend; Robyn D. Warner. 2021. "Sensory and Physical Characteristics of M. biceps femoris from Older Cows Using Ginger Powder (Zingibain) and Sous Vide Cooking." Foods 10, no. 8: 1936.

Review
Published: 05 August 2021 in Animals
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Swine are one of the most important agricultural species for human food production. Given the significant disease challenges confronting commercial pig farming systems, introduction of a new feed additive that can enhance animal performance by improving growth and immune status represents a major opportunity. One such candidate is sialic acid (Sia), a diverse family of nine-carbon acidic sugar, present in various organs and body fluid, as well as an essential structural and functional constituent of brain ganglioside of humans and animals. Sias are key monosaccharide and biomarker of sialylated milk oligosaccharide (Sia-MOS’s), sialylated glycoproteins and glycolipids in milk and all vertebrate cells. Sias accomplish many critical endogenous functions by virtue of their physiochemical properties and via recognition by intrinsic receptors. Human milk sialylated glycoconjugates (Sia-GC’s) are bioactive compounds known to act as prebiotics that promote gut microbiota development, gut maturation, pathogen resistance, immunomodulation, anti-inflammation and neurodevelopment. However, the importance of Sia in pig health, especially in the growth, development, immunity of developing piglet and in pig production remains unknown. This review aims to critically discuss the current status of knowledge of the biology and nutritional role of Sia and Sia-GC’s on health of both female sow and newborn piglets.

ACS Style

Marefa Jahan; Nidhish Francis; Peter Wynn; Bing Wang. The Potential for Sialic Acid and Sialylated Glycoconjugates as Feed Additives to Enhance Pig Health and Production. Animals 2021, 11, 2318 .

AMA Style

Marefa Jahan, Nidhish Francis, Peter Wynn, Bing Wang. The Potential for Sialic Acid and Sialylated Glycoconjugates as Feed Additives to Enhance Pig Health and Production. Animals. 2021; 11 (8):2318.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marefa Jahan; Nidhish Francis; Peter Wynn; Bing Wang. 2021. "The Potential for Sialic Acid and Sialylated Glycoconjugates as Feed Additives to Enhance Pig Health and Production." Animals 11, no. 8: 2318.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Sustainability
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Norway has vast rangeland resources (292,361 km2) with an estimated carrying capacity of nearly four million sheep and lambs, twice the current number. However, the intensive production system currently applied has led to more concentrate dependency, resulting in heavier animals in addition to poorer utilization of rangelands and homegrown feed. Intensive feeding systems indirectly influence the sustainability of ecosystems by promoting intensive cropping that can deplete soil fertility and threaten landscape preservation and biodiversity. By contrast, extensive grazing systems can produce environmentally and animal-friendly food products and contribute to regulating soil health, water and nutrient cycling, soil carbon sequestration, and recreational environments. In this paper, the economics of current sheep feeding practices in Norway, using a linear programming model, were compared with more extensive systems which allow for higher usage of on-farm feed resources. Changes in current sheep farming practices have the potential to increase lamb meat production relative to mutton production, in addition to improving the year-round supply of fresh meat. The investigated alternatives, using the Norwegian White Sheep (NWS) breed, suggest that delayed lambing is useful only on farms with abundant pastures available for autumn feeding. Lambs achieve a better market price than hoggets and mature sheep. Therefore, based on the current Norwegian meat market and price offered per kilogram of meat for lamb, an increase in NWS lamb production improves farm profits. On the other hand, when the aim is on greater use of homegrown feed and rangelands, this can be achieved through hogget production, and the quantity of concentrates required can be reduced substantially.

ACS Style

Muhammad Azher Bhatti; Lars Olav Eik; Geir Steinheim; Tormod Ådnøy; Reinert Horneland; Peter Wynn; David L. Hopkins; Leif Jarle Asheim. Rangeland Grazing Strategies to Lower the Dependency on Imported Concentrates in Norwegian Sheep Meat Production. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5340 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Azher Bhatti, Lars Olav Eik, Geir Steinheim, Tormod Ådnøy, Reinert Horneland, Peter Wynn, David L. Hopkins, Leif Jarle Asheim. Rangeland Grazing Strategies to Lower the Dependency on Imported Concentrates in Norwegian Sheep Meat Production. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5340.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Azher Bhatti; Lars Olav Eik; Geir Steinheim; Tormod Ådnøy; Reinert Horneland; Peter Wynn; David L. Hopkins; Leif Jarle Asheim. 2020. "Rangeland Grazing Strategies to Lower the Dependency on Imported Concentrates in Norwegian Sheep Meat Production." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5340.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Animal Production Science
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The poor antigenicity of peptide antigens demands the selection of effective adjuvants to induce humoral immunity. The peptides obestatin and ghrelin from the pro-hormone pre-proghrelin were initially identified as antagonistic in regulating feeding behaviour, with obestatin being suppressive. The efficacy of two adjuvant systems, DEAE with the oil polysorbate emulsion of BP85:Span80 and the surfactant-oil system Montanide (ISA 50v) were therefore assessed with an obestatin-ovalbumin conjugate injected into late pregnant sows. This enabled the supply of antibodies directed against obestatin to newborn piglets through colostrum with the objective of promoting ghrelin secretion and therefore increasing feeding behaviour. Pregnant Landrace × Large White sows (n = 28) were immunised with 0.5 mg obestatin-ovalbumin in 2 mL DEAE:BP85:Span80 (DEAE; n = 14) or with 2 mL Montanide (ISA 50v: n = 14) as adjuvants at days 91 and 105 of gestation. After farrowing, piglets remained with their mothers during the lactation period and were weighed after weaning at Day 28. Antibody titres (unitless) in colostrum were assessed by ELISA as 5543 ± 2388 and 3139 ± 1151 for the DEAE and Montanide adjuvants respectively. These were associated with total IgG of 67.7 ± 3 and 82.3 ± 4.8 mg/mL respectively (P = 0.018). Piglet plasma titres were 5100 ± 1576 and 5762 ± 1688 for DEAE and Montanide respectively at Day 5 postpartum. These titres were still detectable through to Day 28 (titres of 1213 ± 389 and 665 ± 203 respectively (P = 0.176). However, sow colostral antibody titres were not related to piglet antibody concentrations on D5 (r = –0.225, P = 0.341). Sow plasma antibody titres were not related to titres at Day 28 in piglets across treatments (r = 0.198, P = 0.402). The concentration of ghrelin in colostrum was 672 ± 78 and 666 ± 39 pg/mL for the DEAE and Montanide groups, respectively, leading to piglet plasma concentrations on Day 5 of 1105 ± 164 and 530 ± 84 pg/mL (P = 0.002). Animals grew from birthweights of 1.7 ± 0.1 and 1.8 ± 0.1 (P = 0.993) to 7.7 ± 1.2 and 7.8 ± 1.0 kg (P = 0.295) at weaning, representing growth rates of 200.5 ± 52.9 and 225.5 ± 53.4 g/day (P = 0.181). There was a significant negative correlation between piglet D28 antibody titre and growth rate to weaning with the Montanide adjuvant (r = 0.116, P = 0.035) but not for the DEAE (r = –0.118, P = 0.411). Although both adjuvants were capable of generating high antibody titres, the DEAE dextran was likely to be the most effective adjuvant to induce a humoral immune response to develop further with a commercial vaccine.

ACS Style

P. F. Geale; P. A. Sheehy; C. Giles; P. C. Thomson; P. C. Wynn. Efficacy of two adjuvant systems to promote humoral immunity to the pre-proghrelin peptide obestatin in pigs: consequences for the growth of piglets to weaning. Animal Production Science 2020, 60, 356 .

AMA Style

P. F. Geale, P. A. Sheehy, C. Giles, P. C. Thomson, P. C. Wynn. Efficacy of two adjuvant systems to promote humoral immunity to the pre-proghrelin peptide obestatin in pigs: consequences for the growth of piglets to weaning. Animal Production Science. 2020; 60 (3):356.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. F. Geale; P. A. Sheehy; C. Giles; P. C. Thomson; P. C. Wynn. 2020. "Efficacy of two adjuvant systems to promote humoral immunity to the pre-proghrelin peptide obestatin in pigs: consequences for the growth of piglets to weaning." Animal Production Science 60, no. 3: 356.

Review
Published: 14 March 2019 in Sustainability
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Norway is the largest sheep meat producer among Nordic countries with more than 1.3 million lambs and sheep slaughtered in 2017. The sheep industry is limited by the need for in-house feeding during the winter months. In summer, Norwegian sheep are mainly kept on rangeland pastures, with sufficient feed for almost double the current sheep population. Lambs are slaughtered over a three- to four-month period from September to December with a peak in September–October, providing a surplus of lamb, much of which is subsequently frozen, followed by eight months during which fresh produce is in limited supply. Norwegian consumers eat an average of 5.4 kg of sheep meat per person per year, much of which is purchased as a frozen product. The Muslim (4.2% of the population) preference for year-round halal meat, with an increased demand on the eve of the Muslim meat festival (Eid al-Adha), has the potential to boost demand, particularly in Oslo. This paper provides an overview of the Norwegian sheep farming system, the current market value chains, and the potential to meet the demand for halal meat in Norway (specifically during the Muslim meat festival—Eid al-Adha) to the advantage of both consumers and sheep farmers.

ACS Style

Muhammad Bhatti; Thomas Williams; David Hopkins; Leif Asheim; Geir Steinheim; Michael Campbell; Lars Eik; Peter Wynn; Tormod Ådnøy. Adapting Seasonal Sheep Production to Year-Round Fresh Meat and Halal Market in Norway. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1554 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Bhatti, Thomas Williams, David Hopkins, Leif Asheim, Geir Steinheim, Michael Campbell, Lars Eik, Peter Wynn, Tormod Ådnøy. Adapting Seasonal Sheep Production to Year-Round Fresh Meat and Halal Market in Norway. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (6):1554.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Bhatti; Thomas Williams; David Hopkins; Leif Asheim; Geir Steinheim; Michael Campbell; Lars Eik; Peter Wynn; Tormod Ådnøy. 2019. "Adapting Seasonal Sheep Production to Year-Round Fresh Meat and Halal Market in Norway." Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1554.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Animal Production Science
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The profitability of milk production in the developing world varies widely among farming systems. This results from poor animal productivity and an inefficient marketing-chain structure in which farmers seldom profit from their dairying activities. The lack of chilling facilities for milk storage and the need to adulterate the raw product along the market chain to enhance profit margins means that consumers are not well catered for. Co-operative selling of milk, along with the acquisition of higher-quality feeds and veterinary medicines, has boosted the financial resilience of small-holder farming communities worldwide, although, in many regions, the co-operative model has not succeeded largely through a lack of trust between families even within the communities. Commercial reality dictates that farming communities work together to achieve financial sustainability, although the model adopted for each community may differ. Although milk has traditionally provided many consumers with their only source of animal protein, vitamin and minerals, we are now discovering its many other virtues, particularly in relation to cognitive development and memory retention and the provision of antioxidants. The impact of milk-processing technology on some of these remarkable properties requires further investigation to ensure that milk consumers worldwide benefit from these positive attributes.

ACS Style

P. C. Wynn; S. S. Godfrey; N. Aslam; H. M. Warriach; S. Tufail; M. Jahan; Z. Batool Naqvi; S. Latif; B. Wang; D. M. McGill. Perspectives on the production of milk on small-holder dairy farms and its utilisation in developing countries. Animal Production Science 2019, 59, 2123 .

AMA Style

P. C. Wynn, S. S. Godfrey, N. Aslam, H. M. Warriach, S. Tufail, M. Jahan, Z. Batool Naqvi, S. Latif, B. Wang, D. M. McGill. Perspectives on the production of milk on small-holder dairy farms and its utilisation in developing countries. Animal Production Science. 2019; 59 (12):2123.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. C. Wynn; S. S. Godfrey; N. Aslam; H. M. Warriach; S. Tufail; M. Jahan; Z. Batool Naqvi; S. Latif; B. Wang; D. M. McGill. 2019. "Perspectives on the production of milk on small-holder dairy farms and its utilisation in developing countries." Animal Production Science 59, no. 12: 2123.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2016 in Toxins
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The present study was conducted to observe the seasonal variation in aflatoxin M1 and nutritional quality of milk along informal marketing chains. Milk samples (485) were collected from three different chains over a period of one year. The average concentrations of aflatoxin M1 during the autumn and monsoon seasons (2.60 and 2.59 ppb) were found to be significantly higher (standard error of the difference, SED = 0.21: p = 0.003) than in the summer (1.93 ppb). The percentage of added water in milk was significantly lower (SED = 1.54: p < 0.001) in summer (18.59%) than in the monsoon season (26.39%). There was a significantly different (SED = 2.38: p < 0.001) mean percentage of water added by farmers (6.23%), small collectors (14.97%), large collectors (27.96%) and retailers (34.52%). This was reflected in changes in milk quality along the marketing chain. There was no difference (p = 0.178) in concentration of aflatoxin M1 in milk collected from the farmers (2.12 ppb), small collectors (2.23 ppb), large collectors (2.36 ppb) and retailers (2.58 ppb). The high levels of contamination found in this study, which exceed the standards set by European Union (0.05 ppb) and USFDA (0.5 ppb), demand radical intervention by regulatory authorities and mass awareness of the consequences for consumer health and safety.

ACS Style

Naveed Aslam; Muhammad Yasin Tipu; Muhammad Ishaq; Ann Cowling; David McGill; Hassan Mahmood Warriach; Peter Wynn. Higher Levels of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination and Poorer Composition of Milk Supplied by Informal Milk Marketing Chains in Pakistan. Toxins 2016, 8, 347 .

AMA Style

Naveed Aslam, Muhammad Yasin Tipu, Muhammad Ishaq, Ann Cowling, David McGill, Hassan Mahmood Warriach, Peter Wynn. Higher Levels of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination and Poorer Composition of Milk Supplied by Informal Milk Marketing Chains in Pakistan. Toxins. 2016; 8 (12):347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naveed Aslam; Muhammad Yasin Tipu; Muhammad Ishaq; Ann Cowling; David McGill; Hassan Mahmood Warriach; Peter Wynn. 2016. "Higher Levels of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination and Poorer Composition of Milk Supplied by Informal Milk Marketing Chains in Pakistan." Toxins 8, no. 12: 347.

Review
Published: 27 November 2015 in Agriculture
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Improving both quality and quantity of food available is a pressing need especially when one eighth of the world’s population consumes less energy than is required for maintenance and is exposed to contaminated food, both of which lead to greater susceptibility to diseases. The Pakistani population depends heavily on milk for nutritional needs and 10% of household income is spent on milk. This commodity requires continuous monitoring and care from its site of production by smallholder dairy producers through to urban consumers along tradition milk marketing chains. Feed ingredients used as concentrate feed to enhance milk production are often contaminated with mycotoxins, which, after ingestion, are transferred into milk. Aflatoxins can contribute to the causation of liver cancers, immune system disorders, and growth-related issues in children. Moreover, deaths in both humans and animals have also been reported after ingestion of aflatoxin-contaminated food. Studies have shown contamination of food and feed ingredients with mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins. This review places the dairy industry into context, summarizes how milk and milk products are contaminated with aflatoxins, and discusses the present legislative regulation of milk quality implemented in Pakistan. There is a need to eliminate fungus-susceptible animal feed ingredients, which are the source of mycotoxins so prevalent in the milk marketed to the consumer in Pakistan.

ACS Style

Naveed Aslam; Peter C. Wynn. Aflatoxin Contamination of the Milk Supply: A Pakistan Perspective. Agriculture 2015, 5, 1172 -1182.

AMA Style

Naveed Aslam, Peter C. Wynn. Aflatoxin Contamination of the Milk Supply: A Pakistan Perspective. Agriculture. 2015; 5 (4):1172-1182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naveed Aslam; Peter C. Wynn. 2015. "Aflatoxin Contamination of the Milk Supply: A Pakistan Perspective." Agriculture 5, no. 4: 1172-1182.

Book chapter
Published: 27 October 2012 in Advanced Dairy Chemistry
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Minor milk proteins and growth factors assist in furthering the maternal influence on development. The angiogenins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, heparin affin regulatory peptide and kininogen all serve multiple roles within neural and cellular development while promoting tissue vascularity. Some proteins also direct immune function together with β2-microglobulin, osteopontin, proteose peptone 3 and TGFβ1 and 2 among others. The IGFs and their binding proteins as well as the key mitogens EGF and TGFα and various metabolic regulatory molecules and vitamin-binding proteins are key functional entities in milk. It is clear that the spectrum of minor proteins in milk is no less complex than that found in the maternal or neonatal circulation.

ACS Style

P. C. Wynn; P. A. Sheehy. Minor Proteins, Including Growth Factors. Advanced Dairy Chemistry 2012, 317 -335.

AMA Style

P. C. Wynn, P. A. Sheehy. Minor Proteins, Including Growth Factors. Advanced Dairy Chemistry. 2012; ():317-335.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. C. Wynn; P. A. Sheehy. 2012. "Minor Proteins, Including Growth Factors." Advanced Dairy Chemistry , no. : 317-335.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2011 in Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences
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The key role of milk as a medium for extending maternal control of the development of the neonate is achieved through the expression of many biologically active proteins and peptides. A significant proportion of this biological activity resides within a growing family of minor proteins of the whey fraction of colostrum and milk. These proteins are most often complex in nature with degrees of phosphorylation and glycosylation being important for the expression of their biological activity. Many of these operate through direct interaction with specific membrane-bound receptors, while others act as transporters for key nutrients involved in tissue development. Two important functions that appear to be controlled through milk are the development of the vascular and immune systems. In this article, the structure and function of the vascular regulatory proteins, the angiogenins, heparin affin regulatory peptide, and kininogen, and the immunomodulatory proteins, β2-microglobulin, osteopontin, and proteose peptone 3, as well as that of the transporter-binding proteins, binding proteins for vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, and riboflavin, are described. This family of minor milk proteins will grow as our understanding of the role of milk in controlling developmental processes in the neonate improves in this era of powerful genomic and proteomic techniques.

ACS Style

P.C. Wynn; A.J. Morgan; P.A. Sheehy. Milk Proteins | Minor Proteins, Bovine Serum Albumin, Vitamin-Binding Proteins. Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences 2011, 795 -800.

AMA Style

P.C. Wynn, A.J. Morgan, P.A. Sheehy. Milk Proteins | Minor Proteins, Bovine Serum Albumin, Vitamin-Binding Proteins. Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences. 2011; ():795-800.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P.C. Wynn; A.J. Morgan; P.A. Sheehy. 2011. "Milk Proteins | Minor Proteins, Bovine Serum Albumin, Vitamin-Binding Proteins." Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences , no. : 795-800.