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Thomas Randrup
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management, PO Box 58, SE-23 053 Alnarp, Sweden

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Journal article
Published: 26 May 2021 in Cities
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This paper reports on how Nordic practise relates to, and perceives contemporary challenges to urban open space management. The study used a case study approach, via interviews. The studied Nordic cities experience the effects of densification in inner city areas. This is often resulting in higher pressure on existing urban open spaces, but also generating new spaces which tend to be small and fragmented, not meeting the many wishes and demands asked for by the diverse user groups. While budgets are sufficiently allocated in new development projects, it is a challenge to withstand the maintenance budgets, forcing managers to prioritise. Due to primary political interest in inner city areas, there is a risk of managers not prioritising the more peripheral areas, from where resources are often transferred to the newly developed areas. This creates a new type of urban nature, primarily in the urban peripheral areas, with increased amounts of biodiversity and higher amounts of multi-functionality, compared to the smaller and more intensively programmed inner-city areas. Urban open space managers are relying on the existing municipal planning tools, and to varying degrees act strategically in terms of developing own sector oriented plans and strategies.

ACS Style

T.B. Randrup; J. Svännel; A. Sunding; M. Jansson; Å.O. Sang. Urban open space management in the Nordic countries. Identification of current challenges based on managers' perceptions. Cities 2021, 115, 103225 .

AMA Style

T.B. Randrup, J. Svännel, A. Sunding, M. Jansson, Å.O. Sang. Urban open space management in the Nordic countries. Identification of current challenges based on managers' perceptions. Cities. 2021; 115 ():103225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T.B. Randrup; J. Svännel; A. Sunding; M. Jansson; Å.O. Sang. 2021. "Urban open space management in the Nordic countries. Identification of current challenges based on managers' perceptions." Cities 115, no. : 103225.

Review
Published: 11 July 2020 in Sustainability
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Urban trees provide important ecosystem services, across ownership and governance structures, and tree inventories are an important tool enabling urban foresters and green space managers to monitor and perform the sustainable management of urban trees. For optimal management of urban trees, a better understanding is needed concerning how urban tree inventories can provide long-term monitoring overviews across administrative borders, and how inventory protocols should be adapted to address specific practitioner issues. In this review, 98 articles on urban tree inventories were examined, the primary focus being sampling design. A governance arrangement approach was applied to identify the policy-making arrangements behind the inventories. Stratification is commonly used in the sampling design, despite being problematic for long-term representativeness. Only 10% of the stratification sampling designs identified were considered as having long-term validity. The studies frequently relied on an individual sampling design aimed at a particular issue, as opposed to using an existing longitudinal sampling network. Although private trees can constitute over 50% of the urban tree population, 41% of the studies reviewed did not include private trees at all. Urban tree inventories focused primarily on tree data on a local scale. Users or private tree owners are commonly not included in these studies, and limited attention is paid to economic, cultural or social factors. A long-term validation of sampling methods in urban areas, and a multi-lateral approach to tree inventories, are needed to maintain long-term operational value for local managers in securing ecosystem service provisions for entire urban forests.

ACS Style

Blaz Klobucar; Johan Östberg; Märit Jansson; Thomas Randrup. Long-Term Validation and Governance Role in Contemporary Urban Tree Monitoring: A Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5589 .

AMA Style

Blaz Klobucar, Johan Östberg, Märit Jansson, Thomas Randrup. Long-Term Validation and Governance Role in Contemporary Urban Tree Monitoring: A Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5589.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Blaz Klobucar; Johan Östberg; Märit Jansson; Thomas Randrup. 2020. "Long-Term Validation and Governance Role in Contemporary Urban Tree Monitoring: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5589.

Article
Published: 03 March 2020 in Urban Ecosystems
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Suites of concepts and approaches have been launched during recent years to promote urban nature and greener cities. However, it is doubtable whether tinkering within the current economic and political system can provide adequate solutions. Nature-based Solutions can be seen as a new conceptual approach to the human-ecological connection, and as an outcome of an evolutionary development of socio-ecological concepts. In this Communication, we argue for drawing up inspiration by nature as an outset for the development of more sustainable and inclusive cities, balancing anthropocentric and ecocentric values and acknowledging the importance of the social and governance dimensions in a more balanced socio-ecological perspective. We call this approach Nature-based Thinking.

ACS Style

Thomas B. Randrup; Arjen Buijs; Cecil C. Konijnendijk; Tom Wild. Moving beyond the nature-based solutions discourse: introducing nature-based thinking. Urban Ecosystems 2020, 23, 919 -926.

AMA Style

Thomas B. Randrup, Arjen Buijs, Cecil C. Konijnendijk, Tom Wild. Moving beyond the nature-based solutions discourse: introducing nature-based thinking. Urban Ecosystems. 2020; 23 (4):919-926.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thomas B. Randrup; Arjen Buijs; Cecil C. Konijnendijk; Tom Wild. 2020. "Moving beyond the nature-based solutions discourse: introducing nature-based thinking." Urban Ecosystems 23, no. 4: 919-926.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2019 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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The Sponge Cities initiative in China is frequently described as a shift from using conventional grey infrastructure to a sustainable stormwater management (SSM) approach. However, it has been noted that Sponge City implementation includes conventional grey infrastructure too. Using the Sponge Cities initiative in China as a case, we examined how a prominent national policy is interpreted and implemented locally. We analysed national policy documents and conducted interviews with local government officials within three case cities. We found that in national policy documents, the Sponge City concept is related to the concept of low impact development, but that in implementation locally, conventional grey infrastructure still plays a significant role. Lack of space and lack of documented efficiency of green infrastructure were the most frequently mentioned reasons for this. Other challenges hindering its implementation were prioritization of quantifiable objectives within a short time-frame and lack of knowledge on SSM. Without sufficient resources (primarily space, knowledge and time), full implementation of the national Sponge City policy would be limited. In future efforts, finding the optimal combination of conventional and SSM solutions, viewing SSM and its management from a long-term perspective and promoting the understanding of SSM could help increase its implementation.

ACS Style

Xiu-Juan Qiao; Kuei-Hsien Liao; Thomas B. Randrup. Sustainable stormwater management: A qualitative case study of the Sponge Cities initiative in China. Sustainable Cities and Society 2019, 53, 101963 .

AMA Style

Xiu-Juan Qiao, Kuei-Hsien Liao, Thomas B. Randrup. Sustainable stormwater management: A qualitative case study of the Sponge Cities initiative in China. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2019; 53 ():101963.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiu-Juan Qiao; Kuei-Hsien Liao; Thomas B. Randrup. 2019. "Sustainable stormwater management: A qualitative case study of the Sponge Cities initiative in China." Sustainable Cities and Society 53, no. : 101963.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Cities worldwide are increasingly using green infrastructure to mitigate challenges related to stormwater, in an approach regarded as sustainable stormwater management (SSM). Various governance factors have been identified as one of the major barriers to SSM implementation. In this study, we examined specific governance factors influencing local SSM implementation in four case cities in Sweden and China. Based on systems thinking, we first developed a general causal loop diagram (SSM-CLD) illustrating the interrelations between previously identified influencing governance factors in SSM. We then used this general SSM-CLD as a framework to conduct and analyze 23 semi-structured interviews with local government officers in the four case cities. Based on the analysis, we summarized the most frequently mentioned governance factors and created one SSM-CLD for each case city. We then examined the main differences between the local SSM-CLDs and the general SSM-CLD, and the differences between the Chinese and Swedish case cities. The results revealed that, in the two Chinese case cities, the role of national policy in setting local leaders' priorities, the strong organizational set-up, and planning instruments are significant for SSM implementation. In the two Swedish case cities, public awareness, local government politicians' priorities, and trust in SSM performance are important for SSM implementation. Acquiring funding for long-term maintenance of SSM was identified as a common challenge in all four cities studied. These results provide a better understanding and potential lessons for other cities on how governance factors influence SSM.

ACS Style

Xiu-Juan Qiao; Li Liu; Anders Kristoffersson; Thomas B. Randrup. Governance factors of sustainable stormwater management: A study of case cities in China and Sweden. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 248, 109249 .

AMA Style

Xiu-Juan Qiao, Li Liu, Anders Kristoffersson, Thomas B. Randrup. Governance factors of sustainable stormwater management: A study of case cities in China and Sweden. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 248 ():109249.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiu-Juan Qiao; Li Liu; Anders Kristoffersson; Thomas B. Randrup. 2019. "Governance factors of sustainable stormwater management: A study of case cities in China and Sweden." Journal of Environmental Management 248, no. : 109249.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Individual perceptions of green space quality are essential when a user considers engaging in activities. This national-scale study provides insights into Norwegians’ quality perceptions of municipal green space, visit frequency and motivations for engaging in different activities. We applied regression analysis to investigate how various factors affect the outcome variables, quality perceptions and visit frequency from a sample of the Norwegian adult population. Results reveal that Norwegians perceive their green spaces as having good quality, and higher quality perceptions have a positive influence on green space visits. Half of the respondents visited green spaces out of intrinsic motives in high-quality environments providing fresh air, experiences of nature and quietness. It is essential, however, to take into account that less reported activity mirrors groups of respondents who least often visit green spaces.

ACS Style

Claudia Fongar; Geir Aamodt; Thomas B. Randrup; Ingjerd Solfjeld. Does Perceived Green Space Quality Matter? Linking Norwegian Adult Perspectives on Perceived Quality to Motivation and Frequency of Visits. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 2327 .

AMA Style

Claudia Fongar, Geir Aamodt, Thomas B. Randrup, Ingjerd Solfjeld. Does Perceived Green Space Quality Matter? Linking Norwegian Adult Perspectives on Perceived Quality to Motivation and Frequency of Visits. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (13):2327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudia Fongar; Geir Aamodt; Thomas B. Randrup; Ingjerd Solfjeld. 2019. "Does Perceived Green Space Quality Matter? Linking Norwegian Adult Perspectives on Perceived Quality to Motivation and Frequency of Visits." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13: 2327.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2018 in Journal of Destination Marketing & Management
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The aim of this paper is to investigate the starting conditions of green resource branding in Hong Kong and Copenhagen. The study is based on the application of the Green Brand Hexagon (GBH) that measures multi-dimensional attributes of a green resource brand. Two surveys were conducted in Hong Kong (n = 395) and Copenhagen (n = 217), sampling inbound visitors. The results show that visitors in Hong Kong tend to believe that green brand attributes are connected to the economic benefits of a greener urban environment, while the green aspects related to international status and public policies are relatively stronger in Copenhagen. Hong Kong has a square green resource brand structure that combines interconnected green resource attributes, whereas Copenhagen keeps a hexagonal structure with more dimensions but a simpler composition in each dimension.

ACS Style

Chung-Shing Chan; Lawal M. Marafa; Cecil C. Konijnendijk Van Den Bosch; Thomas Barfoed Randrup. Starting conditions for the green branding of a city. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2018, 10, 10 -24.

AMA Style

Chung-Shing Chan, Lawal M. Marafa, Cecil C. Konijnendijk Van Den Bosch, Thomas Barfoed Randrup. Starting conditions for the green branding of a city. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2018; 10 ():10-24.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chung-Shing Chan; Lawal M. Marafa; Cecil C. Konijnendijk Van Den Bosch; Thomas Barfoed Randrup. 2018. "Starting conditions for the green branding of a city." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 10, no. : 10-24.

Journal article
Published: 27 October 2018 in Landscape Research
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ACS Style

Märit Jansson; Nina Vogel; Hanna Fors; Thomas B. Randrup. The governance of landscape management: new approaches to urban open space development. Landscape Research 2018, 44, 952 -965.

AMA Style

Märit Jansson, Nina Vogel, Hanna Fors, Thomas B. Randrup. The governance of landscape management: new approaches to urban open space development. Landscape Research. 2018; 44 (8):952-965.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Märit Jansson; Nina Vogel; Hanna Fors; Thomas B. Randrup. 2018. "The governance of landscape management: new approaches to urban open space development." Landscape Research 44, no. 8: 952-965.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

Xiu-Juan Qiao; Anders Kristoffersson; Thomas B. Randrup. Challenges to implementing urban sustainable stormwater management from a governance perspective: A literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 196, 943 -952.

AMA Style

Xiu-Juan Qiao, Anders Kristoffersson, Thomas B. Randrup. Challenges to implementing urban sustainable stormwater management from a governance perspective: A literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 196 ():943-952.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiu-Juan Qiao; Anders Kristoffersson; Thomas B. Randrup. 2018. "Challenges to implementing urban sustainable stormwater management from a governance perspective: A literature review." Journal of Cleaner Production 196, no. : 943-952.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Environmental Research
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Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly applied to guide the design of resilient landscapes and cities to enable them to reach economic development goals with beneficial outcomes for the environment and society. The NBS concept is closely related to other concepts including sustainability, resilience, ecosystem services, coupled human and environment, and green (blue) infrastructure; however, NBS represent a more efficient and cost-effective approach to development than traditional approaches. The European Commission is actively engaged in investing in NBS as a driver in developing ecosystem services-based approaches throughout Europe and the world. The pool of knowledge and expertise presented in this Special Issue of Environmental Research highlights the applications of NBS as 'living' and adaptable tools to boost the capacity of landscapes and cities to face today's critical environmental, economic and societal challenges. Based on the literature and papers of this Special Issue, we propose five specific challenges for the future of NBS.

ACS Style

Raffaele Lafortezza; Jiquan Chen; Cecil Konijnendijk Van Den Bosch; Thomas B. Randrup. Nature-based solutions for resilient landscapes and cities. Environmental Research 2018, 165, 431 -441.

AMA Style

Raffaele Lafortezza, Jiquan Chen, Cecil Konijnendijk Van Den Bosch, Thomas B. Randrup. Nature-based solutions for resilient landscapes and cities. Environmental Research. 2018; 165 ():431-441.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raffaele Lafortezza; Jiquan Chen; Cecil Konijnendijk Van Den Bosch; Thomas B. Randrup. 2018. "Nature-based solutions for resilient landscapes and cities." Environmental Research 165, no. : 431-441.

Article
Published: 08 February 2018 in Urban Ecosystems
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Urban trees are an essential component of urban ecosystems, and management of this resource constitutes an essential element of urban open space management. However, municipal tree inventories in Sweden and elsewhere have received limited attention. It is unknown how common municipal tree inventories are in Sweden, factors governing whether a municipality has an inventory and what the inventories are used for. This study therefore sought to: Create an overview of the state of Swedish municipal tree inventories and determine how municipality size, green space budget and management organisation affect the presence and scope of municipal tree inventories. The research questions examined were: What is the current state of Swedish municipal tree inventories? and what affects the status of these municipal tree inventories? A survey with questions related to strategic and operational perspectives of municipal tree inventories, e.g. how they are conducted and used, together with questions relating to budget and potential use of consultants, was sent to all 290 Swedish municipalities. The response rate was 55.5%. The main findings were that municipality size affects whether a municipality has an urban tree inventory and that the municipal organisation form affects how inventories are used. The existence of an inventory also increased the probability of the municipality having a tree management plan. Based on these results we recommend further research related to strategic management perspectives of tree inventories.

ACS Style

Johan Östberg; Björn Wiström; Thomas B. Randrup. The state and use of municipal tree inventories in Swedish municipalities – results from a national survey. Urban Ecosystems 2018, 21, 467 -477.

AMA Style

Johan Östberg, Björn Wiström, Thomas B. Randrup. The state and use of municipal tree inventories in Swedish municipalities – results from a national survey. Urban Ecosystems. 2018; 21 (3):467-477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johan Östberg; Björn Wiström; Thomas B. Randrup. 2018. "The state and use of municipal tree inventories in Swedish municipalities – results from a national survey." Urban Ecosystems 21, no. 3: 467-477.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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ACS Style

Thomas B. Randrup; Johan Östberg; Björn Wiström. Swedish green space management – The managers perspective. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2017, 28, 103 -109.

AMA Style

Thomas B. Randrup, Johan Östberg, Björn Wiström. Swedish green space management – The managers perspective. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2017; 28 ():103-109.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thomas B. Randrup; Johan Östberg; Björn Wiström. 2017. "Swedish green space management – The managers perspective." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 28, no. : 103-109.

Journal article
Published: 04 October 2017 in Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space
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This paper argues that adopting a stakeholder approach to the study of contracting outcomes produces more rich and rounded representations of the realities of the contracting out of public services. We revisit the research on contracting outcomes, highlighting the public manager perspective as key for gaining deeper, more detailed insights. The public manager perspective is explored in an inductive analysis of answers to open-ended survey questions collected from public managers with contracting experience within the context of municipal park management in Scandinavia. The emerging managerial perspective is summarized in a best-case, worst-case and complex-case scenario highlighting the mix, complexities and trade-offs in a composite set of contracting outcomes. The nature of contracting outcomes as complex and composite rather than unidimensional and clear-cut is one key finding. Furthermore, the importance of some specific outcomes (e.g. learning) complements existing research themes. Our findings sustain the initial argument, demonstrating how the stakeholder approach can produce new insights. A key implication is that future research can benefit from assessing contracting outcomes by providing voice to multiple stakeholders.

ACS Style

Andrej Christian Lindholst; Morten Balle Hansen; Thomas B. Randrup; Bengt Persson; Anders Kristoffersson. The many outcomes from contracting out: The voice of public managers. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 2017, 36, 1046 -1067.

AMA Style

Andrej Christian Lindholst, Morten Balle Hansen, Thomas B. Randrup, Bengt Persson, Anders Kristoffersson. The many outcomes from contracting out: The voice of public managers. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space. 2017; 36 (6):1046-1067.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrej Christian Lindholst; Morten Balle Hansen; Thomas B. Randrup; Bengt Persson; Anders Kristoffersson. 2017. "The many outcomes from contracting out: The voice of public managers." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 36, no. 6: 1046-1067.

Journal article
Published: 11 July 2016 in International Journal of Public Sector Management
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent contracting out practices has led to perceived resource cuts in the Swedish park and road sectors. Design/methodology/approach – E-survey sent to managers in park and technical departments in the municipalities. Response rate: 39.7 percent. Findings – Decreased costs were found in 25 percent of the responding road departments, in 20 percent of park departments. 49 percent of the road departments responded “no change” or “increase” (48 percent parks). Findings indicate that tendering practices tend to be most commonly centered in Swedish municipalities situated in the three metropolitan regions (Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö with suburbs), while such practices are not as common in mid-sized and rural municipalities. In addition, contracting out practices correspond with higher per capita budgets, not with smaller. Research limitations/implications – The research implications are that contracting out tend to occur “where the resources are,” while poorer municipalities either have to contract even if it is more expensive, or, contracting out is combined with other provision models. The limitation of the data are that it based on managers’ perceptions, while hard data have been impossible to map. Practical implications – The uniform assumption that contracting out saves public resources need to be conditioned with context, and initial resources at hand. Contracting out is one option among several possible strategies, especially for mid-sized and smaller municipalities with small budgets. Social implications – The rationalities of local government procurements are bounded by the local market situations and local the budget capacities. Originality/value – This is the first study of manager’s perceptions in the Swedish park and road contexts.

ACS Style

Ylva Norén Bretzer; Bengt Persson; Thomas B. Randrup. Is public procurement efficiency conditioned by market types? A critical test in park and road sectors in Sweden. International Journal of Public Sector Management 2016, 29, 488 -501.

AMA Style

Ylva Norén Bretzer, Bengt Persson, Thomas B. Randrup. Is public procurement efficiency conditioned by market types? A critical test in park and road sectors in Sweden. International Journal of Public Sector Management. 2016; 29 (5):488-501.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ylva Norén Bretzer; Bengt Persson; Thomas B. Randrup. 2016. "Is public procurement efficiency conditioned by market types? A critical test in park and road sectors in Sweden." International Journal of Public Sector Management 29, no. 5: 488-501.

Journal article
Published: 11 July 2016 in International Journal of Public Sector Management
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the extent of, rationales for and outcomes of contracting out in the local road and park sectors in Norway. For understanding the use of contracting out in local governments, it highlights the relevance of the capability perspective in organisational literature as an alternative to the standard efficiency perspective. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on four expert interviews and survey data gathered from park and road managers in Norwegian municipalities in 2015. Findings – The study suggests that Norwegian municipalities primarily contract out park and road maintenance services when they do not have the capability to perform these services themselves. Cost concerns are also highlighted but of less importance. Moreover, lack of competition renders the use of contracting out as a potentially costly and less satisfying arrangement for organising service delivery. Research limitations/implications – While the scope is limited to one country, Norway, future research may benefit from the theoretical perspectives, which have been used. Practical implications – Policy guidelines should support a flexible use of various arrangements for service provision. Originality/value – The dominating view among proponents of marketisation in the public sector suggests that contracting out to private contractors is undertaken to enhance economic efficiency compared to keeping service production in-house. This study suggests that this is not always the case – even in “most likely” sectors such as park and road maintenance.

ACS Style

Merethe Dotterud Leiren; Andrej Christian Lindholst; Ingjerd Solfjeld; Thomas B. Randrup. Capability versus efficiency: contracting out park and road services in Norway. International Journal of Public Sector Management 2016, 29, 474 -487.

AMA Style

Merethe Dotterud Leiren, Andrej Christian Lindholst, Ingjerd Solfjeld, Thomas B. Randrup. Capability versus efficiency: contracting out park and road services in Norway. International Journal of Public Sector Management. 2016; 29 (5):474-487.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Merethe Dotterud Leiren; Andrej Christian Lindholst; Ingjerd Solfjeld; Thomas B. Randrup. 2016. "Capability versus efficiency: contracting out park and road services in Norway." International Journal of Public Sector Management 29, no. 5: 474-487.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2011 in Journal of Physical Activity and Health
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Background:This study examines the relationship between distance to green space and the level of physical activity among the population of Denmark. In addition, the relationship between distance to green space and obesity is investigated.Methods:Data derived from the Danish National Health Interview Survey 2005, a cross-sectional survey based on a region-stratified random nationally representative sample of 21,832 Danish adults. All data are self-reported.Results:Respondents living more than 1 km from green space had lower odds of using green space to exercise and keep in shape compared with persons living closer than 300 m to green space (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60−0.83). A relationship between moderate/vigorous physical activity during leisure time and distance to green space can also be found. Persons living more than 1 km from green space had higher odds of being obese (BMI ≥ 30) than those living less than 300 m from green space (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.08−1.71).Conclusions:Self-reported distance to green space is related to self-reported physical activity and obesity. To exercise and keep in shape is an important reason for visiting green space, and distance to green space is associated with moderate/vigorous physical activity in leisure time.

ACS Style

Mette Toftager; Ola Ekholm; Jasper Schipperijn; Ulrika Stigsdotter; Peter Bentsen; Morten Klöcker Grønbæk; Thomas B. Randrup; Finn Kamper-Jørgensen. Distance to Green Space and Physical Activity: A Danish National Representative Survey. Journal of Physical Activity and Health 2011, 8, 741 -749.

AMA Style

Mette Toftager, Ola Ekholm, Jasper Schipperijn, Ulrika Stigsdotter, Peter Bentsen, Morten Klöcker Grønbæk, Thomas B. Randrup, Finn Kamper-Jørgensen. Distance to Green Space and Physical Activity: A Danish National Representative Survey. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 2011; 8 (6):741-749.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mette Toftager; Ola Ekholm; Jasper Schipperijn; Ulrika Stigsdotter; Peter Bentsen; Morten Klöcker Grønbæk; Thomas B. Randrup; Finn Kamper-Jørgensen. 2011. "Distance to Green Space and Physical Activity: A Danish National Representative Survey." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 8, no. 6: 741-749.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2010 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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ACS Style

Peter Bentsen; Frank Jensen; Erik Mygind; Thomas B. Randrup. The extent and dissemination of udeskole in Danish schools. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2010, 9, 235 -243.

AMA Style

Peter Bentsen, Frank Jensen, Erik Mygind, Thomas B. Randrup. The extent and dissemination of udeskole in Danish schools. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2010; 9 (3):235-243.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter Bentsen; Frank Jensen; Erik Mygind; Thomas B. Randrup. 2010. "The extent and dissemination of udeskole in Danish schools." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 9, no. 3: 235-243.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2010 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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ACS Style

Jasper Schipperijn; Ulrika K. Stigsdotter; Thomas B. Randrup; Jens Troelsen. Influences on the use of urban green space – A case study in Odense, Denmark. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2010, 9, 25 -32.

AMA Style

Jasper Schipperijn, Ulrika K. Stigsdotter, Thomas B. Randrup, Jens Troelsen. Influences on the use of urban green space – A case study in Odense, Denmark. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2010; 9 (1):25-32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jasper Schipperijn; Ulrika K. Stigsdotter; Thomas B. Randrup; Jens Troelsen. 2010. "Influences on the use of urban green space – A case study in Odense, Denmark." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 9, no. 1: 25-32.

Other
Published: 22 April 2010 in Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
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Aims: To investigate the associations between green space and health, health-related quality of life and stress, respectively. Methods: Data were derived from the 2005 Danish Health Interview Survey and are based on a region-stratified random sample of 21,832 adults. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews followed by a self-administered questionnaire, including the SF-36, which measures eight dimensions of health and the Perceived Stress Scale, which measures self-reported stress. A total of 11,238 respondents completed the interview and returned the questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between distance to green space and self-perceived stress. Results: Danes living more than 1 km away from the nearest green space report poorer health and health-related quality of life, i.e. lower mean scores on all eight SF-36 dimensions of health than respondents living closer. Respondents living more than 1 km away from a green space have 1.42 higher odds of experiencing stress than do respondents living less than 300 m from a green space. Respondents not reporting stress are more likely to visit a green space than are respondents reporting stress. Reasons for visiting green spaces differ significantly depending on whether or not respondents experience stress. Respondents reporting stress are likely to use green spaces to reduce stress. Conclusions: An association between distance to a green space and health and health-related quality of life was found. Further, the results indicate awareness among Danes that green spaces may be of importance in managing stress and that green spaces may play an important role as health-promoting environments.

ACS Style

Ulrika K. Stigsdotter; Ola Ekholm; Jasper Schipperijn; Mette Toftager; Finn Kamper-Jørgensen; Thomas B. Randrup. Health promoting outdoor environments - Associations between green space, and health, health-related quality of life and stress based on a Danish national representative survey. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 2010, 38, 411 -417.

AMA Style

Ulrika K. Stigsdotter, Ola Ekholm, Jasper Schipperijn, Mette Toftager, Finn Kamper-Jørgensen, Thomas B. Randrup. Health promoting outdoor environments - Associations between green space, and health, health-related quality of life and stress based on a Danish national representative survey. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. 2010; 38 (4):411-417.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ulrika K. Stigsdotter; Ola Ekholm; Jasper Schipperijn; Mette Toftager; Finn Kamper-Jørgensen; Thomas B. Randrup. 2010. "Health promoting outdoor environments - Associations between green space, and health, health-related quality of life and stress based on a Danish national representative survey." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 38, no. 4: 411-417.

Journal article
Published: 15 April 2010 in Landscape and Urban Planning
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ACS Style

Jasper Schipperijn; Ola Ekholm; Ulrika K. Stigsdotter; Mette Toftager; Peter Bentsen; Finn Kamper-Jørgensen; Thomas B. Randrup. Factors influencing the use of green space: Results from a Danish national representative survey. Landscape and Urban Planning 2010, 95, 130 -137.

AMA Style

Jasper Schipperijn, Ola Ekholm, Ulrika K. Stigsdotter, Mette Toftager, Peter Bentsen, Finn Kamper-Jørgensen, Thomas B. Randrup. Factors influencing the use of green space: Results from a Danish national representative survey. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2010; 95 (3):130-137.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jasper Schipperijn; Ola Ekholm; Ulrika K. Stigsdotter; Mette Toftager; Peter Bentsen; Finn Kamper-Jørgensen; Thomas B. Randrup. 2010. "Factors influencing the use of green space: Results from a Danish national representative survey." Landscape and Urban Planning 95, no. 3: 130-137.