Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence rates, reporting rates, and the best imaging plane and sequence for incidental findings in patients undergoing spinal and brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.Methods: Three experienced radiologists retrospectively re-evaluated the MR images of 1056 consecutive patients.Results: The incidence rates for extraspinal incidental findings for the images of the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical spine, and extra-neuronal incidental findings on MR images of the brain were 35.47%, 32.25%, 29.16%, and 54.35%; respectively, with reporting rates of incidental findings for these examinations of 31.47%, 8.33%, 29.50%, and 59.62%; respectively. For all examination types, the T2-weighted sequence and the axial plain were the best to reveal the incidental findings of MR examinations, other than that of the cervical spine. Conclusions: Incidental findings, which are commonly detected during routine spinal and brain MR evaluations, are occasionally omitted from formal radiological reports in daily practice. We strongly recommend checking the T2-weighted axial plane for MR imaging of the lumbar, thoracic spine and brain and taking a second look at the T2-weighted sagittal plane MR images of the cervical spine during radiological evaluations.

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Liver biopsies such as tru-cut (sharp needle) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are the most commonly preferred techniques to detect the grade and stage of certain liver diseases. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficiency of USG-guided tru-cut biopsy and fine-needle aspiration cytology in an experimental alcoholic liver disease model. METHODS Thirty-six female Wistar albino rats, 4-6 months old, and weighing from 190 to 250 g, were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into six equal groups: G1 (control), G2 (tru-cut control), G3 (FNAC control), G4 (Alcoholic liver disease model), G5 (Alcoholic liver disease model + FNAC), and G6 (Alcoholic liver disease model + tru-cut biopsy). After a histopathological evaluation by light microscopy, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of FNAC and tru-cut biopsy for the diagnosis of liver lesions were calculated. RESULTS No pathology was detected in G1 except for mild congestion. On the other hand, hepatocyte damage, periportal inflammation, congestion, and fatty changes were detected in all liver tissues of the alcoholic liver disease groups. The sensitivity of hepatocyte damage, inflammation, congestion, and fatty change parameters for FNAC were 33.3%, 80%, 0%, and 0%, respectively, while the sensitivity of the same variables for tru-cut were 66.7%, 40%, 100%, and 20%, respectively. DISCUSSION Both techniques were superior in some aspects. FNAC can be an attractive alternative to tru-cutbiopsy and applied in routine practice in the diagnosis of non-tumoral liver diseases.

En tr Background: To evaluate the sacrococcygeal anatomy and morphometry with lower abdomen magnetic resonance (MR) images in asymptomatic adult subjects Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the images of 216 adult patients who underwent MR imaging of the lower abdomen for reasons other than coccydynia in the radiology clinic. In this evaluation, coccyx (Co) thickness (from Co1 middle section), sacrococcygeal angle, fusion between vertebrates, number of coccygeal vertebrae, sacrococcygeal joint angle, intercocsigeal joint angle, coccyx type, presence of subluxation, coccyx flat length, coccyx curvature length, sacrum flat length, sacrum curvature length, sacrococcygeal flat length, sacrococcygeal curvature length, sacral angle, coccyx curvature index, sacrum curvature index, sacrococcygeal curvature index were measured. Results: The mean number of coccyx vertebrae was 3.5 ± 0.75 in females and 3.8 ± 0.78 in males. The mean coccyx thickness was 7.3 ±1.4 mm in females and 8.4±1.8 in males. Subluxation was determined in 59 (27.3%) cases, and not in 157(72.7%) cases. The mean length of the coccyx was 35.4±6.6 mm in females and 38.9±8.7 mm in males. The mean length of the coccyx curvature was 37.5±7.2 mm in females and 41.7±9.1 mm in males. The most common coccyx type in both males and females was type II coccyx in 98 (45.4%) patients. The sacrococcygeal angle was 109±15 degrees in females and 113±13 in males. Conclusion: Knowledge of the vertebrae anatomy of asymptomatic patients may prevent unnecessary surgery in coccydynia. Wide ranges of similar studies are needed to be done with patients with coccydynia. Keywords: coccyx anatomy, magnetic resonance imaging, sacrococcygeal angle, coccygeal angle Amaç: Sakrokoksigeal anatomi ve morfometrinin asemptomatik erişkin bireylerde alt abdomen manyetik rezonans (MR) görüntüleriyle değerlendirilmesi Materyal ve Metot: Radyoloji kliniğinde koksidini dışındaki nedenlerle alt abdomen MR incelemesi yapılmış erişkin 216 hastanın görüntüleri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bu değerlendirmede koksiks (Co) kalınlığı (Co1 orta kesimden), sakrokoksigeal açı, vertebralar arasında füzyon varlığı, koksiksteki vertebra sayısı, sakrokoksigeal eklem açısı, interkoksigeal eklem açısı, koksiks tipi, subluksasyon varlığı, koksiks düz uzunluğu, koksiks eğrisel uzunluğu, sakrum düz uzunluğu, sakrum eğrisel uzunluğu, sakrokoksigeal düz uzunluk, sakrokoksigeal eğrisel uzunluk, sakral açı, koksiks kurvatur indeks, sakrum kurvatur indeks, sakrokoksigeal kurvatur indeks ölçüldü. Bulgular: Koksiksteki ortalama vertebra sayısı kadınlarda 3,5±0,75, erkeklerde 3,8±0,78 idi. Ortalama koksiks kalınlığı kadınlarda 7,3±1,4 mm erkeklerde 8,4±1,8 mm idi. Vakaların 59 unda (%27,3) subluksasyon izlenirken, 157 (%72,7) sinde subluksasyon saptanmadı. Koksiksin ortalama düz uzunluğu kadınlarda 35,4±6,6 mm, erkeklerde 38,9±8,7 mm olarak ölçüldü. Koksiks eğrisel uzunluğu ise kadınlarda37,5±7,2 mm, erkeklerde 41,7±91 mm idi. Kadın ve erkeklerde en yaygın koksiks tipi 98 (%45,4) kişi ile tip 2 koksiksti. Sakrokoksigeal açı kadınlarda 109±15 derece iken erkeklerde 113±13 derece olarak ölçüldü. Sonuç: Asemptomatik bireylerdeki koksiks vertebra anatomisinin bilinmesi koksidinideki gereksiz cerrahi girişimleri önleyebilir. Ayrıca koksidinili hastaları da içeren daha geniş kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğunu düşünüyoruz. Anahtar Kelimeler: Koksiks anatomisi, manyetik rezonans görüntüleme, sakrokoksigeal açı, koksigeal açı

Introduction: The aim of this study early recognize diabetic nephropathy by ultrasound elastography.This study was to predict the possibility of developing diabetic nephropathy without the need for renal biopsy. Methods:This study included 100 patients and 100 healthy volunteers. Shear wave elastography examination were taken of the renal parenchyma and the Resistive Index values were taken renal artery. Results:.In the patient group, the elastography values were measured as 7.02±2.15 kPa in the right kidney parenchyma and 6.90±2.09 kPa in the left. In the control group, the elasticity values were measured as 4.14±0.98 kPa in the right kidney parenchyma and 4.11±0.85 kPa in the left. The RI mean values were determined as 0.59±0.05 in the right kidney and 0.59±0.04 in the left kidney in the patient group and 0.52±0.05 in the right kidney and 0.52±0.05 in the left kidney in the control group. Conclusion: The elastography values and the RI values were significantly higher in the patients with Type 2 DM than in the control group. Thus, it can be concluded that it is possible to determine renal fibrosis and predict the possibility of diabetic nephropathy development with the non-invasive methods of SWE and colour Doppler US, without the need for biopsy.

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the differential diagnosis of sacroiliitis. Purpose: To compare the sacroiliac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of patients with suspected active sacroiliitis with patients with acute SpA MR findings and the DWI examinations of patients with acute brucella sacroiliitis, and thereby determine whether DWI can contribute to the differential diagnosis. Material and Methods: A total of 84 patients were included in the study and were separated into three groups: group 1 (13 women, 6 men) comprised cases with brucella positive for sacroiliitis; group 2 (17 women, 19 men) comprised cases negative for brucella but with sacroiliitis; and group 3 (16 women, 13 men) comprised cases negative for brucella and sacroiliitis. Results: The mean bone marrow apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values independently of edema were determined as 0.71 × 10⁻³ in sacroiliitis and brucella-positive patients, as 0.53 × 10⁻³ in brucella-negative and sacroiliitis-positive patients, and as 0.43 × 10⁻³ in the control group of brucella-negative sacroiliitis-negative patients. In the ADC measurements taken from areas of evident edema in patients with sacroiliitis, the mean values were 0.13 × 10⁻³ in the brucella-positive group and 0.12 × 10⁻³ in the brucella-negative group. Conclusion: By adding DWI, which is a rapid MR sequence, to sacroiliac joint MR examination, normal bone marrow and bone marrow with sacroiliitis can be objectively differentiated with ADC measurements in addition to visual evaluation.