Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have become a vital technology in physical health monitoring and rehabilitation applications, enabling continuous, personalized, and convenient monitoring, facilitating early detection and prevention, and offering valuable data‐driven insights. On‐body wearable triboelectric sensors enable real‐time tracking of vital health parameters, promoting accurate and personalized healthcare interventions. In addition to being self‐powered, these sensors facilitate early detection and prevention by capturing early warning signs of potential health issues, leading to timely interventions. Furthermore, they play a vital role in rehabilitation monitoring and feedback, helping to assess progress during the recovery process. This continuous monitoring, along with artificial intelligence, provides data‐driven insights into patterns, trends, and correlations, facilitating evidence‐based healthcare decision‐making. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent wearable TENG developments for healthcare applications. We discuss how TENGs work and explore a wide range of self‐powered health monitoring and rehabilitation applications. We then summarize recent advancements in healthcare applications, material selection, and unique features to help design highly efficient, accurate, and practical bioapplicable technology. Further, we discuss the challenges and prospects of the TENGs technology for healthcare applications, including miniaturization, moisture resistance, device maintenance, data reliability, and high outpower requirements.

Silver (Ag) nanostructures demonstrate outstanding optical, electrical, magnetic, and catalytic properties and are utilized in photonic, energy, sensors, and biomedical devices. The target application and the performance can be inherently tuned by control of configuration, shape, and size of Ag nanostructures. In this work, we demonstrate the systematical fabrication of various configurations of Ag nanostructures on sapphire (0001) by controlling the Ag deposition thickness at different annealing environments in a plasma ion coater. In particular, the evolution of Ag particles (between 2 and 20 nm), irregular nanoclusters (between 30 and 60 nm), and nanocluster networks (between 80 and 200 nm) are found be depended on the thickness of Ag thin film. The results were systematically analyzed and explained based on the solid-state dewetting, surface diffusion, Volmer–Weber growth model, coalescence, and surface energy minimization mechanism. The growth behavior of Ag nanostructures is remarkably differentiated at higher annealing temperature (750 °C) due to the sublimation and temperature-dependent characteristic of dewetting process. In addition, Raman and reflectance spectra analyses reveal that optical properties of Ag nanostructures depend on their morphology.

Noble metallic nanoparticles (NPs) can exhibit valuable properties such as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and large surface to volume ratio, which can find various optoelectronic and catalytic applications. In this work, the improved configuration and uniformity of platinum (Pt) NPs are demonstrated by using a sacrificial indium (In) layer via the enhanced solid state dewetting of In-Pt bilayers on sapphire (0001). In a sharp contrast to the conventional dewetting of intrinsic Pt film, the introduction of In component can significantly enhance the global dewetting process and thus can result in the fabrication of well-defined Pt NPs with the improved uniformity. This can be due to the fact that In possess high diffusivity, low surface energy and low sublimation temperature. Upon annealing, the intermixing of In and Pt atoms can occur at the interface due to the inter-diffusion, which forms In-Pt alloy system. As a result, the overall diffusivity and dewetting degree of system can be significantly improved and this can produce more isolated, uniform and semispherical Pt NPs at much lower temperatures as compared to the pure Pt film dewetting. Conveniently, the In atoms preferentially can be removed from the NP matrix by the sublimation even at relatively low temperatures. These Pt NPs exhibit dynamic LSPR band in the UV-visible wavelength based on the excitation of dipolar, quadrupolar and higher order resonance modes. Specifically, the LSPR wavelength can be tuned between ~480 and 580 nm by the fabrication of small to large size Pt NPs with the distinct configuration and interparticle spacing. Furthermore, at a constant Pt thickness, the size, spacing and density of Pt NPs can be readily tuned by the control of In layer thickness. The introduction of sacrificial In component can enable an additional flexibility for the control of surface morphologies of metallic NPs with the low diffusivity materials.